Hello everyone! Every carpenter should have at hand the means to firmly secure his workpiece or part. A wooden bench vise is perfect for this purpose. Look at my version of this vise that I made do it yourself plywood and metal.
For this project, I used all the tools I have (from a nailer to a welding machine). That's why I don't bring full list tools used. Use the tools that you have. Be creative!
Step 1: Materials Used
First, I cut the plywood to the required size. One blank was 2 cm thick, and the second 3 cm.
After that, I cut two strips of oak 1 cm thick. These should be glued and nailed to the top edge of the sponges, providing them with stability and better appearance. Then cut flush and sand.
I attached a 2 cm piece of plywood to the table with a pair of furniture bolts.
Step 2: Device Mechanism
Let's move on to the mechanism itself.
At a local metal shop, I purchased a metal rod with a diameter of 2 cm and a rod with an M 27 thread, as well as a couple of washers and nuts. In addition, I purchased a flat blank 4 mm thick and 6 cm wide. These are all the metal components that we will need.
Take wooden oak blocks and use them as guides. For the threaded rod, I welded two nuts to a flat piece and attached it under the table with screws (see photo).
On the outer sponge, I decided to add the flat blank I mentioned earlier. This will provide additional stability for the entire structure.
It is very important that all the elements are on the same line, otherwise the vise will not work.
I also welded a washer to the threaded rod. This is necessary so that the outer jaw also moves when the rod is rotated. Without this, the sponge will stay in place and only be moved by hand.
Step 3: Lathe
For the rotating head, I glued several blanks of cherry and oak. Then on lathe given the desired shape. The result obtained was quite acceptable. Next, using a chisel, I made a recess for the nut. On a drilling machine, I drilled through a hole with a diameter of 2 cm for the handle. The hole is slightly angled...
The handle is a spruce pin with caps on the ends made of cherry, which prevent the handle from falling out. Treat the handle with drying oil.
I also drilled holes 3 cm deep on the outer sponge for stops on a carpentry workbench. That's why I used 3cm thick plywood for the outer sponge. But a single row of stops on a carpenter's workbench won't do any good, so we still need to add other holes on this table. I will do this when I get to the final stage. I just have to consider the mechanical part from below.
Step 4: Finish
Vice is one of the most important tools in any workshop. It allows you to expand the range of work and increase efficiency: thanks to them, the hands of the master are free, and the processing of parts is carried out at a high level, and without outside help. Few people know that enough high-quality vise can be made by hand. It is only necessary to show a share of ingenuity, skills and attentiveness. Next, about the intricacies of the tool creation process.
The vice is widely used in construction work as a tool holding elements for various parts. The product in question is presented in the form of a base (body) with two clamping tubes that allow you to firmly hold the part during milling, planing or drilling.
A vice is considered one of the main locksmith tools, because the quality of their final processing will depend on the strength of fastening parts. In addition, such a product frees both hands, thus allowing you to carry out certain processes as accurately as possible.
Depending on the operational features, the vise is divided into two categories: carpentry and locksmith. The latter, in turn, are divided into rotary and static. Static locksmith vise are chair and parallel. The former do not have elements for permanent fastening and are more easily mounted / dismantled. The second ones differ in more overall dimensions and are thoroughly mounted on the working surface.
Bench vices are designed primarily to work with fairly soft materials: plastic, wood, etc. They have high clamping jaws, which are either fixed statically or rotated on the base.
Machine tools are designed to work with hard materials, for example, metal. Their clamping jaws are less high for greater convenience and work efficiency.
Making an instrument at home
To make a vice with your own hands, you need to prepare a certain set of materials and tools:
- metal plates;
- pins;
- boards;
- Metal rod with a diameter of about 2 mm;
- fasteners.
From the tools you will need a minimum: an electric drill, a sledgehammer, a file and a hacksaw. With your own hands, it is easiest to make a bench vise, so the following is presented step-by-step instruction to create just such a tool:
Advice. Homemade vise can be more efficient and convenient because it is quite possible to adapt them to any specific operation.
If you plan to make a vice with your own hands, you should take into account some of the nuances that will determine the strength and durability of the tool:
- Material. Steel is most often used to create a product. It is advisable to choose high-quality, since the reliability and durability of the product, as well as its ability to firmly hold the part during its processing, largely depend on this.
- Product size. If you plan to work mainly with small parts, it is better to give preference to a compact model: it will be more convenient and easier to work with it.
- Thread pitch. Important point which is often overlooked by many. The thread should be clear and fine if spot work is planned.
- Sponges. It is important to pay attention to the size and shape of this element. The first indicator depends on the type of products to be processed, the second - on the materials of the workpieces. If you plan to work only (mostly) with soft materials, it is better to make the jaws flat.
Advice. Since you are making a vise with your own hands, you can go beyond standard model by making the best tool for your needs. Remember that with the help of an additional option, you can make the vise more efficient in work. So, for example, the presence in the product rotary mechanism allows you to work with small details.
That's all the subtleties that you should know about creating such a tool as a vise with your own hands. As you can see, this process is quite simple, and the result of the work will please even an experienced craftsman. Good luck!
How to make a vice with your own hands: video
For sure, everyone who has solved any construction and household tasks with their own hands has a desktop vise, for sure. Hence, we are familiar with this tool. But today it is far from the only, although the most affordable option this tool.
What are vices for?
Starting out repair work First of all, you have to think about the availability of construction tools and fixtures. Much in the economy cannot be done without this device, often a carpenter's vice is a holding link in any kind of processing of parts and materials. They are understood as a device that incorporates a body and two clamping jaws. The main purpose of this tool is to rigidly fix parts in such works as:
- milling;
- drilling;
- planing.
The product is fixed by rotating the handle of the main screw. Instead, other mechanisms can be adapted, such as wedge, diaphragm, eccentric, pneumatic. In fact, this is the main locksmith tool. Good craftsmen know that if the workpiece is not firmly fixed, then the work will not turn out to be accurate and of high quality. Moreover, when the part is firmly fixed, the hands remain completely free, and this makes it possible to control the work process.
Bench vises and more - what are their common structural elements?
This tool is installed on any work surface, at home it can be a regular table or any flat surface. Although there are also manual vices that are not attached anywhere, but serve to qualitatively press several parts to each other. In their size, they can be large, medium and very small. The size of a large role in the operation of such a device does not play, just larger ones can hold parts. bigger size.
This device is most often made of the following types: general purpose, locksmith's rotary vice for any shaped parts and pipe vice, which have additional jaws for pipes. Basically, all types are quite a bit different in their device. The vice consists of the following parts:
- body parts;
- lead screws;
- lever;
- lead screw nuts;
- interchangeable straps.
Vice carpentry and machine tools - we study the species range
The most frequently used machine tools and locksmith fixtures. Rotary machine vices are designed to provide rigid fastening of parts during various construction works. They have a special turntable, it is needed to ensure free rotation of parts around a vertical axis. When the position is selected, the tool is fixed to the base with special bolts. The turntable should not be used continuously, otherwise the rigidity of the entire structure may be reduced.
Sinus vise is used when the workpiece needs to be set at an angle. First you need to calculate the required angle (while using a special formula) of the height of the stand, sometimes even a drawing is drawn, while the vice, when sold, comes with all the necessary details to bring the idea of the drawing to life. With their help, the part is installed on the movable part, that is, in the space between the cylindrical sleeve and the lower support.
V Lately two-position (cross) vices are produced. They are very versatile and most popular with professionals. This device allows you to install parts with an inclination in 2 perpendicular planes. There is also another machine tool variety - a pattern vice, also called precision. They are used in the finishing of parts, when it is no longer necessary to fix the object strongly, because intensive physical operations will not be performed with it.
The peculiarity of a precision vise is that the connector is made there in such a way that it provides almost perfect parallelism and perpendicularity of the axes during fastening, therefore these tools are considered to be highly accurate.
If the parts need to be fixed at an angle in 3 planes, then you can not do without a three-coordinate vice. This is the most complex and expensive tool, but it has many possibilities. While working on such a vice, it is possible to use separate clamp halves. They are firmly fixed right there on the table. The fixation is strong due to one sponge, which has a very small stroke. Such a tool allows you to process two parts at once. This is convenient and helps improve productivity.
Locksmith vise - this is the same "grandfather" clamping tool. It is used when the part is dangerous or inconvenient to hold in hands during processing. They are adapted to work with soft materials such as plastic, wood and the like. All types of vices are available different sizes. The difference may be the size of the movable sponges. The difference between machine tools is the height of the sponge, most often it is smaller. Locksmith vices also differ in rigidity, they, as a rule, should be more rigid.
Every owner wants to have a convenient carpentry vise in his workshop. This will allow you to process any parts or blanks made of wood or other soft material at any time. With their help, carving on wooden blanks is quickly performed. Many craftsmen replace this device with clamps. This is a bit inconvenient, they can slip off from time to time, and you only need to attach them to the bar. It is better to have a carpentry vise, and you can even make them yourself at home.
Homemade vise: minimum details - maximum effect
If you pay attention to the shop tools of this type, they are a body and a movable bar. She, in turn, can move along two guides. The tool must be screwed with screws and special bolts to the surface. Sponges are made in such a way that you can always attach different pads: wood, plastic or other soft material. Having considered the principle of operation and the device, it is quite possible to design a home-made vice.
The first step is to purchase the parts that make up the tool. You will need a screw with a thread of 20 mm and a thread length of 150 mm, it can be found in sports corners, it is usually inserted inside vertical tubes. Its purpose is to firmly press the structure to the ceiling. Preference should be given to the longest screws, this will increase the distance between the jaws. Studs are also needed, they are often found in old parts, but you can also buy in a store. If they were not found, then you can use similar fasteners, for example, pay attention to the mounts for mirrors on mopeds. Often there they are slightly curved, but they can be straightened out with a sledgehammer.
It is necessary that the head of the screw has a slot, because it often happens that it does not fit the size of the handles, but this is easy to fix, you need to use a round file: a few movements - and the hole is widened. A good handle for twisting can be a screw with a ring. Next, a fixed sponge is made, it can be made from. It must be firmly nailed to the surface of the table. But the movable part is made of a board, where the thickness is about 20 mm, and the width is 18 mm. The length of the movable sponges should be about 50 cm.
Holes are drilled in the boards using a pen. It needs to be adjusted to a diameter of 21 mm. The studs must also have holes, and they can be made using a conventional drill, where the diameter is 10 mm. In order to complete the work faster when making a vice with your own hands, and to get a more accurate result, it is advisable to hammer the boards together, and after completing the work, simply remove the nails. After the holes are ready, the studs and screws will only have to be inserted, all the nuts and bolts are also baited.
If you need to work with short workpieces, then you will only need to rearrange the studs. To do this, more holes must be drilled, and they must be close to the clamping screws. Depending on what parts will be selected, it is possible to make a vice of different sizes. This will allow you to work with boards of any length and with parts of different sizes and shapes. It is important that this tool is firmly attached during operation. Russian masters have always been famous for their ingenuity, which is not done by human hands. As they say in one phrase: "There would be a desire, and the rest is all trifles."
Making comfortable and high-quality homemade vise is quite simple. Even easier than knitting. They may be needed in cases where it is necessary to securely fix a part or product. An additional advantage of such vices is their low cost to manufacture, since not everyone can afford to purchase a serial model.
Factory vise models are made universal, so they cannot always fix absolutely any detail well. And also they have a large mass and dimensions. Do-it-yourself vices can be made the most convenient for performing a certain type of work. This will help increase labor efficiency and reduce time costs.
Any craftsman who is constantly working in his workshop knows that it is difficult to do without such a tool as a good vise. Such a clamping device helps to perform various operations with wood, plastic and metal products. The use of a vise can guarantee efficiency and good accuracy when performing various kinds works. It will also ensure human safety. When it is not possible to buy a factory model of such a device, then it is quite easy to make it yourself. This operation will take little time and effort.
Homemade vise is usually divided into the following types:
- Locksmiths;
- Carpentry.
Drilling machine manufacturing
Necessary materials
Homemade vise for drilling machine making it at home is pretty easy. They do not need complex calculations and design developments. On the net you can find a lot of high-quality drawings of a bench vise. A very simple, but high-quality design is made using iron pipes or a channel.
To assemble a bench vise with your own hands, you will need the following materials:
- A small iron pipe that will serve as the internal moving part of the device;
- A smaller iron pipe that will act as an external fixed part;
- Large nut size M16;
- Large screw size M16;
- A special knob through which the rotation will be transmitted to the screw;
- Two metal supports that will fix the fixed part on the frame;
- Two pieces of a metal rectangular profile that will serve as vise jaws;
- Several lock nuts size M16.
Locksmith vice
Collect such homemade design you need to start with the fact that to the edge of the end of the metal pipe big size, which will be the fixed node of the device, attach the flange using a manual welding machine. Weld a nut M16 in the center of the flange. Further, another flange must be welded to the end of a smaller iron pipe and a lead screw must be passed into it.
Another nut must be welded to the edge of the screw, which will be a fixing element. The end of the screw to which the nut is attached must be passed through a small diameter pipe, and then inserted into through hole flange. It is worth remembering that the nut must be screwed to the flange from the inside.
On the lead screw, which is located outside the flange, it is necessary to put on the washer and screw on the nut. Further, it is securely welded to the screw. Another washer should be installed between the surface of the metal flange and the nut. This will help reduce the friction force between them. At this stage of work, you must be very careful and avoid mistakes.
After assembling the movable assembly of the device, you need to insert it into metal pipe larger and screw the other end of the screw into the other flange. In order to attach a knob to a screw that protrudes slightly from a smaller pipe, it is worth welding a nut or front sight to it. In its through hole and you need to skip the collar.
Good clamping jaws are worth making from small rectangular pipes. They need to be fixed to the fixed and moving parts of the device. To make the vise much more stable, several supports must be welded to the bottom of the fixed iron pipe. Their role can be played by rectangular pipes and pieces of corners.
A small pipe can also rotate when the lead screw is rotated. This makes the application of such a design very problematic. To avoid this, it is worth making a small slot on top of the fixed pipe, and screw the lock into the moving part. This screw must move in the slot, preventing rotation of the small pipe.
carpentry tool
Many people quite often have to process wooden details. This processing is usually associated with assembly different designs from wood or their repair. It is very inconvenient to do such work using factory devices with iron clamping jaws. And also it can lead to damage to the wooden product, the occurrence of cracks or dents. For this reason, it is better to use homemade vise for wood parts. It doesn't take much time or effort to assemble them.
To assemble a carpentry vice with your own hands, you need to find the following materials:
A bed of a similar cross design, on which metal guides are fixed, is fixed on the working surface of the bench table with the help of bolts or self-tapping screws. In the movable vice jaw and in the body you need. They are necessary for the screw and two metal guides. These through holes should be drilled simultaneously in both bars so that they are at the same level relative to each other.
Further, the guides are fixed in the body of the machine tool, and a movable sponge is put on them. It is necessary to insert a lead screw into the central through hole of two corner bars, onto which a nut is screwed from the back of the housing. On the other end of the screw, which extends beyond the front of the moving part, you must also screw and weld a lock nut. To attach a knob to the screw, it is worth drilling a through hole of the same diameter in it. Next, another nut is welded to the collar.
Such carpentry mini-vises work very simply. Rotating, the lead screw is twisted into a metal nut, which is welded to reverse side product body. Thus, the movable sponge is attracted to the fixed part. Their principle of operation is very similar to a jack.
In the vastness of Runet, you can find statements like: "A real master makes a vice only on his own." What a real master will say about this is not difficult to imagine. He, an amateur or living by his own work, the pro knows perfectly well what tool and equipment is better to buy and what to make of it yourself. However, there are times when it makes sense to make a vice with your own hands. For example, for summer cottages (those bought there are idle for nothing in the winter, and they can be stolen), when working on the road and / or on occasion (I came to visit relatives, asked for help, but they are not artisans at all). Unfortunately, in the current situation with the tool, there is also a circumstance that makes you think: why not make the vise yourself?
Cast iron and steel
The details of the frame and the clamp of the bench vise are supposed to be made of structural cast iron - it rusts very badly, is hard and viscous, has a low TEC (thermal expansion coefficient), but most importantly, it is practically not subject to metal fatigue. Cast iron vise serve not decades - centuries. Since “the strength of the entire chain is determined by its weakest link”, the jaws of the vise and the lead screw-nut pair are made of tool steel of various grades. A simple structural one is too ductile, it leads strongly when welding, and it rusts easily. Therefore, leave a homemade vise like those in fig. below, wintering in the country is not recommended - over the winter they can become completely unusable.
But this is not the essence of the problem. And the fact is that now, at a vise purchased at an affordable price, the paws of the sponges often break already at the first clamp; at best, with regular use, the vise will last six months to a year. Upon examination of the fracture, it turns out that they are made of simple gray cast iron. The paws do not break, so the running pair wears out - the thread there is of the usual triangular profile (see below), and the steel, it seems, is no better than St44. And the prices for certified vices with full specifications and a guarantee… let's not talk about sad things, let's remember something good from the past. As a result, the question arises: is it worth it to make a vise yourself at home? Not to mention the case when it is necessary to clamp the workpiece, but at least there are no vices within reach. They will not be better, so at least they will cost less. Or for nothing, if there are suitable trimmings of the metal profile in the trash, see, for example, the plot:
Video: homemade vise in half a day from scrap metal
Primitive from a log
Most material handling operations require clamping the workpiece, and your own arms and legs are by no means the best for this. suitable fixture. Therefore, let's start with a vise from a wooden block of wood. For their manufacture, you will need 4+ weaving nails or 150-200 mm and an ax. A rip saw wouldn't hurt either, if you have one. The type of such a device modern man cause either laughter or horror, but the ancestors of the Stone Age would shed a tear of tenderness over him - a vise from a block of wood holds the workpieces quite securely irregular shapes almost any material.
How to make a vise from a wooden block is shown in the figure:
A piece of good straight-grain log/log is split (sawn) as shown on the left in the figure; a crooked chip can be roughly hewn to a plane. The fixed sponge and the thrust heel are attached to the "bed" with nails; the ancients fastened them with sharp splinters of hard wood. Nails are driven in obliquely so that the clamping force pulls them more than bends them.
The movable sponge slides freely on the bed. Clamp - wedge; the wedge can be a bough at the end or a pair of them. Some skill is required to properly trim the wedge(s): too sharp will tip the movable jaw onto the workpiece, while too blunt will push it (sponge) up. But the clamped workpiece is held quite securely due to the elasticity and viscosity of the tree. So reliable that a wedge has to be knocked out to free the workpiece.
Note: long workpieces can be fixed with a pair or more of the same vise.
What to expect from homemade
The device described is, of course, temporary - all its details are quickly soaked, even if the tree presses the tree. Therefore, we will first deal with the question: what kind of homemade vise should be made?
jigs itself different kind in technology, an innumerable multitude is used; patents for them number in the thousands and tens of thousands. It makes sense to make a vice on your own, firstly, the most common. Secondly, they do not require special materials for the manufacture, production equipment and complex technologies.
Ordinary locksmith vise (pos. 1 in the figure) will have to be made fixed. Otherwise, you will have to look for either a ready-made neck-skirt pair (see below), which, moreover, can be taken away during assembly by welding, or the opportunity to use a shaping machine (simply, shaping). Of which there are very few left on the go, labor- and energy-intensive shaping processing is increasingly being replaced by precision casting, stamping and robots.
Note: in a shaping machine, the workpiece is clamped motionless, and the cutter, rotating, moves along the longitudinal and transverse axes. In screw-cutting and carousel lathes, the workpiece is clamped in a rotating spindle (on a carousel table) and the cutter moves in a longitudinal-transverse (in a lathe) or vertical-transverse plane. It didn’t occur to you to think about how the flanges / necks of curved cast pipes, casings of centrifugal “snail” pumps, etc. are turned. details of a complex configuration? On shaping.
Adjustable (mobile) mini-vices, pos. 2 seems to be simpler, but their manufacture requires especially high-quality and, accordingly, difficult-to-process materials. The fact is that the clamping force of the hand vice is determined by the muscular strength of the worker. And the cross section of the parts of the vise with a decrease in their size falls according to a quadratic law, i.e. quickly. Paws most often break off just at the mini-vice. However, expanding their functionality on their own is just not difficult, see below.
Ordinary joiner's vice, pos. 3, are part of carpentry workbench and are inoperable without it. But then we will look at how to make a Moxon vise for woodworking, turning any desktop (including at least a written one) into an almost full-fledged carpentry workbench.
Here's what you really need to do yourself home master, so this is a single-coordinate machine vice (a simple fixed table) to a drilling machine, pos. 4. They can also be used independently (separately from the machine) for a wide variety of jobs. The material for machine tools is suitable for ordinary commercially available; work on the manufacture of machine vices that are not inferior to branded vices requires literally nothing.
Jewelry vise hand (pos. 5) and desktop (pos. 6) - the most convenient things for small precision work. But alas, for their manufacture, special materials and equipment are needed, which are available at any general engineering plant. At home, you can make good substitutes for vise-“frogs”, pos. 7, which, by the way, are often included in the set of desktop jewelry vise, pos. eight.
But with an angle vice (pos. 9) for clamping parts connected at an angle, the matter, as they say, is deaf. It is possible to make their likeness with your own hands (pos. 10), but, firstly, it turns out that it is very difficult to provide a clamp already at a fixed angle of exactly 90 degrees, and if it is possible, then the angle then quickly “floats”. About homemade corner vice with adjustable clamping angle and needless to say. The same applies to 2-3-axis manual machine vise (pos. 11-14) and, for example, devices for knitting fishing flies (pos. 15), which are no longer a vise, but a highly specialized machine.
Locksmiths
The device of manual metalwork vice is shown in fig. The shaped nut of the screw is fixedly fixed in the bed tunnel; it also includes a clamp shank, called a slider. The sections of the tunnel and the slider are also shaped (complex configuration) and correspond to each other.
As already mentioned, you will have to refuse to turn the vise in a horizontal plane: for this you need to grind a neck on the base plate, and a skirt on the bottom of the bed. Super precision is not needed for this, but special equipment is required, see above.
The second problem is paws with sponges. The paws must be very rigid so that they do not succumb to the reaction of the clamped part, and at the same time viscous so that they do not break. Therefore, the most cheap material paws of a good vise together with a clamp and a bed are structural cast iron, but it is poorly processed, and the clamp with a bed is cast. At home, you can’t put a cupola furnace or an electric furnace at 1700-1800 degrees, so we forget about casting ferrous metals.
However, cast iron is also very hard, rather brittle, and therefore paws without sponges can either spoil the part or crumble on it themselves. Jaws made of hard wear-resistant and at the same time very flexible special steel solve the problem. From it, it would be possible to make all the vise, but then their price ... You did not come across desktop vices at a price of at. $1 for also 1mm wide jaws? This is all-steel, and we need to think about how to make a bed and a vice clamp, suitable for at least occasional use, from ordinary structural steel.
running pair
But here's where problems arise that seem insurmountable, so it's running a pair of vise. It seems nothing complicated: a screw with a nut or a threaded hole in the frame. A groove is machined in the neck of the screw; it seems to be possible to select it with a needle file by clamping a screw wrapped around the thread with thin aluminum into the chuck of a drilling machine or a drill fixed on the table. In the clamp (or in the slider of the vise assembled from separate parts), the screw is fixed with a fork, see fig. on right.
The whole point is that all these parts have to take on huge workloads. If you lean on the collar with a force of approx. 20 kgf (nonsense for an adult normal man), then more than 120-130 kgf / sq. mm. In total, so that the vice does not wear out very quickly, the screw, nut and fork must be made of steel with a yield strength of more than 150 kgf / sq. mm; for a conventional structural thread, it is less than 100. And the usual metric thread of a triangular profile will quickly collapse or merge.
Drawings of the lead screw of a locksmith vice with a width of jaws up to 180 mm are given in the figure:
One critical point is bypassed here: instead of a groove on the neck, there are a pair of bushings made of ordinary steel. In this case, the fork grip can also be made from it. The details of the screw retainer will have to be changed periodically, but this is still all right. But how to cut a D20 trapezoidal thread? Looking for a running pair from an old vise? So in them with a 99.0% probability it is the “stroke” that is worn out, and the cast-iron frame, clamp and plate are still quite serviceable.
Not everything is so bad
The lead screw and nut for it for occasional use of vices with jaw widths up to 150 mm can be found in almost any hardware, tool or hardware store or at the iron market. New, the fly did not sit. Where? From fasteners designed for a load of at least 450-460 kgf. The nodes are very responsible, and the steel on them is just right, even better - the running pair of vices, which are not worked intensively, will be quite durable and with a conventional metric thread.
The cheapest option is the ring anchor for hanging heavy chandeliers or multifunctional simulators from the ceiling and walls, at the top in fig. below. Make sure that the screw is either cast, or the joint of the ring and the neck is welded on it (shown by the red arrow). Anchor rings are available up to M22 up to 450 mm long - make a vise what you want. Anchor-ring M12x150 holds a load of 480 kgf, and M16x220 for a 150-mm vice is also suitable with a margin.
The second option, “the fly didn’t sit class,” will cost more, but, possibly, at the price of scrap metal - if it’s broken. This is a hook-ring lanyard, below in fig. Of course, the annular part (shown by the green arrow) comes into play. The advantage is that you will immediately have an excellent wear-resistant nut. The disadvantage is the shorter length and, accordingly, the stroke of the vise jaws: the screws of the turnbuckle for 200 threaded lengths are slightly more than 100 mm.
Note: some disadvantages of both - the vise knob will have to be turned for a long time each time, because. standard metric thread pitch approx. three times smaller than the special trapezoid. With a running pair, it will be necessary to periodically lubricate with grease or other grease - “dry” vise with such a running pair spins tightly, but does not press well.
Sponges
Fig. below. True, there is a mistake - lock nuts are also needed M16. The rear of them along the screw is screwed on first and welded to the stud. Then the pin with the rear washer put on is inserted into the clamp, which in this case is also the slider (“moving part” in the figure); the front washer is put on, the front nut M16 is screwed on and welded, and the eye for the collar is welded; this is an M18 nut. Bed ("moving part") - square corrugated pipe 120x120x4; the slider is also a square professional pipe 100x100x3.
So far so good, but the sponges are also from a professional pipe. Their working surfaces are smooth, but corrugated ones are needed, but this is not so bad. And the trouble is that even from a slight pressure, the sponges will irreversibly disperse (added to the figure). Jaws inside or outside will not help - the metal itself is not suitable. The reader may have already guessed - since the problem is described, there is a way out. Even two, see below and next. chapter.
Note: the advantage of a metalwork vise from segments of professional pipes is cheapness. Suitable pieces are likely to be found in any heap of scrap metal, see for example. video below:
Video: homemade vise from pipe scraps
The first is also from Runet: paws and sponges from the shanks of turning tools for metal. On paws - thicker incisors; on the lips - less. But this, in general, is not an option. Tool steel is very difficult to machine. Almost all that can be done with it in a home workshop is to saw off the shanks with a grinder, weld sponges to the paws and all together to the frame and clamp. Tool steel from welding almost does not lead. But it also boils badly: ready-made paws with sponges, welding them to professional pipes, will have to be heated in such a way that the frame / clamp will unacceptably lead. And the times are not the same now when worn-out cutters could be collected at a factory dump, and defective ones could be bought for a penny in a store. Young Technician". With the spread of electric arc melting of metals in the world, tool steel has become a valuable secondary raw material, and at enterprises, turned-out tools are accounted for by the piece. So let's move on to the second one.
Machine tools
As mentioned above, it is most profitable to make a machine vice with your own hands. They greatly simplify drilling work, and almost any of the available materials is suitable for a machine vice: from a channel, see the video:
Video: simple channel vice
to plywood, see plot:
Video: plywood joinery vice for a drilling machine
And again sponges
The strength and stability of the jaws for a machine vice is even more important than for a locksmith: if a drill (cone, cutter) turns a part out of them, this is fraught with serious injury. And so, we return to the question above: what to make vise jaws from? From the corner from 40x40x4. In this case, the entire sponge will work not in shear, but in bending, which the metal resists much more strongly. This is the case when less iron is stronger.
But not every corner of the same size is suitable. The drawn and cold-rolled corner (pos. A and B in the figure below) is unsuitable - the metal is rather weak. Sponges and home-made and metalwork, and machine vices must be made from a hot-rolled corner (pos. B). First of all, it is much stronger. Secondly, a number of its standard sizes is wider: if the thickness of the flange of a cold-rolled general-purpose corner is up to 0.1 of the width of the smaller one, then for a hot-rolled corner it is up to 0.2b. That is, you can find a hot-rolled corner, say, 60x60x12 - vice jaws from it will be quite reliable.
A hot-rolled corner is easy to recognize by the type of cut: the entire edge of the outer corner is always sharp (shown by an arrow on the left in the next figure), and inside it there is a larger fillet than that of a cold-rolled corner. If the vise is assembled by welding, both an equal-angle and an unequal-angle corner will do. If you assemble them on bolts, it is better to use an unequal one with a ratio of the widths of the shelves (1.5-2) / 1 (a / b \u003d 1.5 ... 2/1). In this case, a large shelf is laid horizontally!
A diagram of the device for a home-made machine vice from a bolted corner is given in the center in fig; on the right - drawings of their general view. The slider and the bracket for the clamping screw are bent from a steel strip with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more. The screw in it can be fixed with a groove, because. its fixation works only when the movable jaw is retracted and is negligibly loaded. On the clamp, the tail of the screw rests directly on the sponge; the screw itself is M16-M20. For more on homemade machine vise from the corner, see the video:
Video: simple vise for a drilling machine
Improving the mini
You can’t really improve modern mini-vices, but if you come across or already have old Soviet ones (for example, pos. A in the figure on the right):
Their functionality can be significantly expanded in this way:
- The flare of the shank of the set screw is drilled out (carefully, not completely!) Holding the plate of the set clamp. You need to drill with a drill with short “pokes” obliquely from different sides.
- The cymbal is removed and the mounting clamp screw is unscrewed (do not lose it or the cymbal).
- A bolt hole is drilled in the section of the channel with the same thread as on the clamp screw.
- The vise is mounted on the resulting stand and fixed with a lock nut (pos. B).
- A blind axial hole for the M2-M3 thread is drilled in the clamp screw through the rest of the shank. It is not difficult to do this, because. a conical recess remained in the peg from the shank.
- A thread is cut in the axial hole.
- The plate is put back into place and is kept from falling out with a cone head screw (shown by an arrow in pos. B).
- The clamp screw is determined for storage in a stash, excuse me, a storeroom.
Thus, we get, neither more nor less - a turntable for small drilling work. True, without an angular divider, but instead of it, a protractor can be adapted to the base of the channel, and an arrow-pointer to the vice bracket. The resulting accuracy of 1 degree for home amateur work is enough. And if you remove the vise from the base and replace the clamping screw, they can be used for their original purpose.
Making a frog
Jewelry vise in amateur work, as mentioned above, is in most cases interchangeable with a frog vise; they can also be clamped in a conventional vise. Its best home-made option is if your pliers or other pliers have a broken handle, at the top in fig. To drill the jaws of the pliers, you need to purchase a carbide twist drill - the usual one for metal will not take them.
Homemade vice-“frogs” (locksmith clamps)
A simple replacement, if the pliers still do not break, is a frog-vice made of oak or beech bars, a steel bracket, overhead jaws from a steel angle and fasteners, at the bottom left in fig. A simpler option is a frog from a door or small barn hinge, at the bottom right. But over it will have to puff, using the usual vise. It may be necessary to release the workpiece, heating it red-hot and then slowly cooling it down.
joinery
Moxon's carpentry vise is designed for itinerant joiners and carpenters. In Europe, the USA and Canada, this is a rather sought-after specialty: at the local prices for lumber, many customers require the master to work with them on site and leave the smallest trimmings, up to sawdust and shavings, to the owner. A pair of Moxon vise, which makes it possible to work with long materials, can be carried in the trunk of a car, on a bicycle, scooter and carried in a bag. Amateurs immediately appreciated the find - Moxon's vise allows you to quickly and reversibly turn any more or less durable table into a carpentry workbench.
The appearance and method of fastening the Moxon mobile carpentry vice are shown on the left and in the center in fig. On the right - the device of their amateur version for fastening to the table tightly.
The Moxon vise has spawned many modifications. Drawings of one of them, a very simple and convenient carpentry vice of only 3 boards and a pair of clamps, are shown in fig. Further. True, in fact, you will need 2 more short clamps to attach the vise to the table. The extra 4 clamps (also not a very cheap pleasure in our time) can be overhead for an amateur. But for a carpenter - an individual entrepreneur working on call, such a vise is a godsend, they can be disassembled and carried with you in an ordinary duffel bag.
