The most important task performed vestibule in the house- stop the flow of cold air entering the house from the outside. The tambour is also an obstacle to the penetration of moisture and dampness into private house and becomes a buffer zone that reduces residential cooling. In the vestibule there is a place for shoes, outerwear and umbrellas, and if space permits, you can even arrange a small dressing room here, store bicycles or a pram.
The vestibule room is a convenient transitional link between the house and the garage or utility room located nearby. Despite the obvious advantages, not all developers provide vestibule in a private house, while others purchase a house where such a function is not provided. Such a decision is not justified. To correct the missed points and redo the entrance area in a private house, we bring to your attention four ways to arrange a vestibule.
Allocation of space inside the house
This solution is the simplest and least onerous to implement. The tambour was built in front of the entrance to the living room by erecting light partitions into which doors were inserted. Through the vestibule you can also get into the utility room. At the same time, the area of the house did not change much.
The most popular way is the solution in the form of an extension. In this case, strong walls are built of bricks or blocks. Although you can opt for lighter structures made of wood or double-glazed windows on PVC or aluminum profiles. This solution allows you to purchase several additional square meters useful area for use.
A wall in the form of the letter "L" has been added to the existing private house. This is an alternative solution for owners who do not want to build a closed vestibule. True, this solution does not provide protection against heat loss, but creates minimal protection from the prevailing wind during the cold period.
Long vestibule extension
A wall was erected along the line of the facade, in which entrance warm doors and a window were mounted. The use of the same building materials, which for the construction of a private house will allow you to ideally integrate a new room into an existing building.
The built vestibule is large enough to accommodate a closet or store a bicycle, trolley. This option is good decision when the house has a ledge, and the building conditions do not allow the superstructure to protrude beyond the line of the facade.
What you need to know when building a vestibule in a private house
Lightweight extension structures made of aluminum or wood should be fixed directly to the wall of the existing building, and not to the thermal insulation layer.
Foundation
It must be strong, have good waterproofing and must be separated from the existing building with a two-centimeter expansion (compensation) seam of elastic material. Without such a seam connection, cracks will constantly appear at the joints.
The size
Some developers do not fully understand the practical benefits of the vestibule, so they build it with a minimum area. As a result, it turns out that in such a vestibule, with the doors open, one person can hardly fit, which leads to the idea of cramped apartment “Khrushchev” houses. Obviously, the vestibule in the house cannot be too large either - most often it has an area of 2 to 7 m2.
A small vestibule performs only the main function - protection against heat loss in the house. In large vestibules there is a possibility for temporary storage of things, bicycles and strollers. In addition, doors can be installed here to enter other rooms, such as a utility room or garage. In many cases, such solutions make household management easier.
Architecture
Adding a vestibule or allocating part of the corridor of the house for this purpose is associated with the risk that it will not fit into the existing structure. In order not to break anything, you should keep the accepted style in the house. A modern home is a modern lobby. The classic approach is a hallway in a traditional style.
Previously used Decoration Materials and the same color. The new room should also be covered with the same material as the roof of the entire house, and the color of the doors and windows should match the rest of the doors and windows on the facade.
Rain and snow protection
When designing a vestibule, be sure to think about protecting the front door from precipitation. For these purposes, you can build a canopy or visor.
Ventilation
Does she need a vestibule? It all depends on its design, size and purpose. If you decide on a light, wooden extension that will serve exclusively as a thermal gateway, then you can refuse ventilation. However, it will be necessary in an extension made of brick or gas blocks, especially when it also provides for a wardrobe.
Heating
Here the approach is similar to heating. Of course, one can imagine that a vestibule built of wood or made of PVC profiles is not heated, but already a brick or block structure should be protected from freezing. It's also a matter of comfort.
Shoes or wet clothes are usually left in this hallway, so you must create conditions there that allow them to dry. The best solution is to use underfloor heating, which distributes heat very well. It is better to choose an electrically heated floor than a water floor, where water can freeze and break lines during a long absence from the house.
If this type of heating is not installed in the built house, you can choose to install tubular radiators designed specifically for vestibules and hallways. They are made with vertical pipes with hangers, on which wet clothes dry quickly.
Lighting
As in every room, at least one window is useful here. If the design does not allow it to be inserted, then glass doors can be installed through which sunlight will enter.
Maintaining cleanliness
The vestibule in a private house is one of the places where dirt from the street is constantly applied. Therefore, it is extremely important to regularly sweep sand and dirt and carry out wet cleaning.
Conclusion
Let's summarize. So, when developing a project for a private house, it is worth considering the possibility of implementing a vestibule. The practical need of the vestibule is to protect against excessive penetration of cold air into the house in winter. The vestibule, although sometimes small and cramped, located right outside the front door of our house, plays an important role in its energy efficiency.
Tambour in a private house is especially necessary for our climate zone as an "insulating buffer" between inside home and adverse outside weather conditions such as low temperatures, wind or rain. In addition to this purpose, the entrance vestibule performs other functions, for example, it will make it possible to take off outerwear and shoes, as well as provide them with short-term storage of other things: bicycles, prams, umbrellas, etc.
In addition, the vestibule will allow the postman, neighbor or other less desirable people to enter for the necessary conversation. In a word, a well-designed vestibule will help keep warm, clean and improve the operation of the house, and taking into account several recommendations for planning and interior design will allow you to properly plan this space.
First year of residence country house revealed a significant shortcoming. In cold weather, the metal front door froze up from the inside, and the temperature in the hallway was noticeably lower than in other rooms.
To solve this problem, it was decided to attach an insulated vestibule from the outside and install an additional door.
Design and calculation work and necessary materials
An additional building was planned to be built on frame technology with siding on the outside and drywall lining on the inside. Thermal insulation was supposed to be made according to the sandwich principle: two layers of a vapor barrier, between which rigid mats of basalt fiber. Entrance metal-plastic door with a double-glazed window on top and a sandwich panel on the bottom standard size was ordered from a specialized company.
The project of the vestibule was drawn up independently and on its basis the calculations of the required amount of materials were made. The list of vestibules required for the construction includes the following items:
- Asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 100 mm 2 pieces.
- Metal profile with a section of 50 * 100 mm, 3700 mm long - 3 pieces and 3000 mm - 2 pieces.
- Pine timber 50*100*2000 mm-5 pieces, 50*100*4000 mm-8 pieces.
- Edged board 25 mm thick - 0.25 cu. m.
- Ondulin-4 sheets.
- The membrane of the vapor barrier - 40 sq. m.
- Heat-insulating mats made of basalt fiber 1000*600*100 mm-20 pieces.
- Steel profile CD 60*27*2700 mm - 30 pieces.
- Waterproof drywall - 5 pieces.
PVC siding and exterior accessories were matched in white to match the cladding of the main building. Materials were purchased from different places before the start of construction work in such a way that prices were minimal with proper quality.
Installation of the supporting frame
Entrance door country house located at a height of 0.45 m from ground level and three steps lead to it. Vestibule dimensions: length along the facade 3500 mm, height to the roof peak 3000 mm, width along the bottom landing of the stairs 1600 mm. The power frame was erected in the following order:
1) Two pits 20-30 cm in diameter and 0.75-0.85 m deep are dug at the corners farthest from the house of the lower landing of the stairs, in which support pillars are installed vertically.
2) Their bases for strength are concreted with the addition of cement mortar enough gravel.
Helpful Hint: The poles should be installed above the anchor point of the roof and then hydraulically leveled to the desired mark. For the correct strictly horizontal cut of the pipe, a piece of old wallpaper wrapped with the ends around the cylinder is used. Marking on asbestos cement is carried out with a simple pencil.
3) A metal profile is laid flat on the upper edges and fixed to the posts with a steel strip and studs with a diameter of 8 mm.
4) The second section of the rectangular pipe is mounted below, which is also fixed to the supports.
5) At a distance of 500 mm from the center line, two vertical profiles are installed, which are connected to the top and bottom element metal frame. At a height of 2000 mm, a horizontal jumper is mounted.
6) K brick walls against asbestos-cement pillars, a bar is mounted on one side and the other.
7) Roof beams are fastened on one side to the load-bearing elements of the roof frame with studs of the appropriate length, the other end rests on a horizontally laid metal profile and is fixed in this position.
8) On top of the rafters, a dense flooring is made from previously prepared boards. A steam-hydrobarrier and Ondulin sheets are laid on it with a corresponding overlap between them.
In all openings, a lattice is made of wooden beam in such a way that the heat-insulating mat fits exactly into the resulting windows. From outside and inside The walls of the vestibule are rolled from top to bottom with a membrane and fixed with ordinary adhesive tape. A metal-plastic door is installed in the prepared opening and carefully fixed to the load-bearing frame.
Exterior and interior decoration
At the end of the main stage of work and summing up the vestibule under the roof, you can proceed to wall cladding. It is carried out in the following sequence:
- To the load-bearing structure with the help of direct suspensions, frames made of a metal profile are mounted for the installation of facing materials.
- The outer surface of the wall is sheathed with siding, and the inner surface with drywall.
- The ceiling and the lower part of the roof canopy are hemmed plastic panels with the installation of spotlights in them inside and directly above the entrance.
Upon completion of the cladding, the walls of the vestibule inside were puttied and painted with a roller water-based paint. All construction and Finishing work The construction took just over a week to complete. The financial costs for the implementation of this project turned out to be quite acceptable, it was possible to save money on the services of professional builders. All operations were performed independently with the rare involvement of assistants.
Subsequent operation showed that decision according to the arrangement of the tambour, it turned out to be correct. In winter, there was no frosting on the doors, and the cold wind stopped blowing into the house. The room in the vestibule summer time began to serve as a storage for shoes, in winter it is used as a natural refrigerator.
Has anyone thought why in the cold season in the apartment the door is not covered with frost? Of course, the first thing that comes to mind is good thermal insulation of the door. But not only in this matter. The main reason for the absence of frost on the door is the presence of a vestibule room - a small space that separates the entrance doors to the apartment and the street. This room also happens in a private house. But first things first.
The general concept of the tambour
There are several meanings of the vestibule room, but they all essentially boil down to one. So, a vestibule is a separate room or a small part of it, preventing cold air from entering immediately into living rooms. It serves as a place where street and home air meet.
Another purpose of the vestibule is the retention of dirt, dust and sand brought on the sole of the shoe. Whatever rug is laid in front of the front door or inside the apartment and house, it will not be able to ensure complete cleanliness. But a separate room where you can change street shoes for home ones will quite cope with this task.
There are no building codes that would regulate the mandatory dimensions of the vestibule. But when designing it, one should take into account at least the width of the inner door, which, as a rule, opens outwards. Therefore, the minimum depth of the vestibule should be 1.3-1.5 m. If additional use of the vestibule space is expected, then, accordingly, its area must be increased.
The location of the vestibule and its need
By its location, the vestibule can be built into the house or in the form of an extension (in a private
Public places also often have a vestibule. In this case, during its construction, it should be taken into account that the more people come / leave at the same time, the more complex the vestibule plan should be. Otherwise, there will be no sense from it at all, because. cold air will quickly get inside.
Many people believe that the vestibule is a completely unnecessary room in the house. It either eats up part of the living space, or requires additional costs for an extension. In fact, the cost of its construction is fully justified, because. funds for heating housing with a tambour room require much less than without it. This is especially noticeable in areas where the cold season lasts long enough.
Tambour in a private house
The construction of the vestibule was invented a long time ago, when a small extension to a private house was called the word "canopy". Today, such a room can be decorated in any style and used not only as a buffer zone. For example, using double-glazed windows, you can build an air structure that will perfectly perform the main functions of the vestibule. If the room is made spacious enough, and the windows are large, you will get an excellent veranda, on which you can gather guests at the table in the warm season.
In the tambour room there can be not only internal and external doors, but also an entrance to another separate room. So, often an entrance is made from the vestibule. Then, in wet or cold weather, there will be no need to go outside to get into the car, and gasoline vapors will not penetrate into the housing. An additional door can also lead to the utility building or boiler room.
Tambour in an apartment building
Tambour at the entrance, directly at the entrance, in modern houses does not always happen. More precisely, there is a room and an entrance door, of course. But the next inner door separating the entrance to the stairs may not be.
A vestibule in an apartment building is also called a room that separates 2 or more apartments from the rest of the corridor. Such a fence is usually made not by developers, but by the owners themselves after settlement. If we turn to the legislation in this case, then such premises are possible only if the other owners of the apartments located on this floor are not against redevelopment. Also, when constructing a vestibule in an apartment building, the following conditions should be taken into account:
- entrance doors to the apartment to the neighbors should open freely;
- on the separated territory there should not be common electrical panels, cables, etc.
Tambour decoration
First of all, finishing the vestibule is necessary in a private house. It is desirable to additionally insulate the attached room, using thermal insulation materials. You can fix them both inside and outside the room. The heat-insulating layer is puttied on top and proceed to Materials for outer side choose in accordance with the general concept of the house.
The built-in vestibule does not require additional insulation; finishing will be enough for it. The walls of the vestibule room can be painted, put on them textured plaster, upholstered with plastic panels - i.e. use materials that do not react to temperature changes and are not afraid of the cold.
The floor covering of the vestibule should be chosen so that it meets the following parameters:
- was durable;
- durable (or at least easy to install);
- easy to care for.
These characteristics correspond to both linoleum and ceramic tile, and porcelain stoneware. If desired, you can use more expensive materials, such as stone.
Often in apartment buildings a vestibule is a room used by residents of two or more apartments. And so there may not be a finish at all. But if the relations between the neighbors are good, then the finishing is done jointly. Materials in this case are selected similar to those used in the vestibule of a private house.
Operation of the vestibule
In addition to the main functions of protecting residential premises from cold and dirt, the vestibule can serve as a pantry. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe room allows, then you can put a cabinet in it, for example, for tools or sports equipment. The entrance vestibule in an apartment building can be used to store various food supplies, because, unlike a similar room in a private house, there will be no negative temperatures here, but it will not be too warm either.
In a small room, you can simply lay and install a small shelf for shoes. In order for the rug to really trap dirt, it should be chosen especially carefully. In this case, a metal option is suitable fine mesh with rubber base. The base will not allow the rug to slide, and dust and sand will settle in the mesh cells.
Vestibule heating
There is a lot of controversy regarding the heating of the vestibule. A tambour in a private house is one situation. According to building codes, heating devices cannot be installed there. Firstly, it can lead to freezing of the coolant. Secondly, even if it does not freeze, the cost of heating itself will increase. This is also not very profitable. Therefore, if there is a great desire to supply the vestibule with additional heating, you should opt for a floor heating system. He and the room will warm a little, and dry wet shoes.
An alternative option is to install a split system above the front doors. The outer doors will then be separated by a jet of warm air. It is not necessary to choose a large system power (given the small size of the room), and it will not work all the time. This method is often used by public institutions (shopping centers, banks and other institutions). Naturally, in this case, the power of the split system should be greater than in a private house.
In apartments, additional insulation is rarely used in vestibules, because. there are heaters in the entrance and they are enough to warm the room a little. But if there is a goal, for example, to dry shoes in the wet and cold season, then in this situation a floor heating system will also be appropriate. Another point is the attachment of the vestibule to the apartment and its insulation. But such an action is illegal, because. the vestibule in this case is part of the common corridor and cannot be assigned.
What is also called a tambour?
The vestibule is not only a room that protects the living space from cold and dirt. There is another meaning of this word. So, tambour also means a special kind of knitting (embroidery).
In addition, there is a vestibule in the train car. It also protects the interior from cold, smoke and wind.
Whether to build a vestibule in a private house, whether to separate the apartment with an additional door from the site or not - each owner decides for himself, but the presence of this small room, obviously, gives a lot of positive moments.
The porch, veranda and vestibule are all extensions to the house. But they have different appearance and appointment. As for the porch, this is only a platform to which steps lead, on which it is better to put in winter.
Moreover, there may not even be a canopy above it, let alone walls. The veranda is much larger than the porch, usually sheltered under a canopy. By the way, it can be glazed or open. But the vestibule is always well closed.
Tambour in a private house - what is it?
A small room attached to the front door. It must have walls and a door. Moreover, a person at the entrance to it has to first close the door to the vestibule, and then open the entrance.
Thus, this extension turns out to be a protector of heat in the winter of the air that is at home. And in the summer it does not allow the heat from the street to penetrate inside.
Modern vestibule for a country house
Do you need a vestibule in a private house?
The answer to this question lies in its purpose. If the house is located in an area that is characterized by harsh winters with strong winds, then the vestibule will not hurt.
However, most often it is made more functional. To do this, its size is greatly increased and it turns into a warmed veranda.
Tambour is an indispensable and prerequisite for the construction apartment building. But for the private sector there is no such requirement. It all depends on the desire of the people living in it.
Moreover, even small space vestibule is easy to use as a hallway. Here you can store outerwear and outdoor shoes. Or become a shelter stairs from the vagaries of the weather. The steps inside the vestibule will not be slippery from frozen ice.
Glazed vestibule - veranda in the country
Tambour in a private house with their own hands
All construction of the veranda - vestibule can be divided into stages.
- The first will be laying the foundation. Since the vestibule is a solid structure, which is often made of brick, wood or double-glazed windows, the foundation will need to be made below the freezing level of the soil. And you need to lay it out or fill it thoroughly. At this stage, the size of the vestibule is taken into account; in a private house, it should not be less than the minimum parameters. This is a depth of one and a half meters and a width of 30 cm more than the doorway. But usually such dimensions do not withstand in practice, since it is very small. Because you want to make a private house as functional as possible, and for this all extensions must have several purposes.
- The second step is formwork. To solidify, you will need to leave the structure for three days.
- Then proceed to the third stage - laying reinforced concrete floor. He will also need 3-4 days to fix.
- The fourth stage is associated with the construction of walls. They will need to be connected to the outer wall of the house using fittings.
- The roof will be completed.
How to make a vestibule in front of the front door
Appearance with fastening methods will differ depending on what material is chosen for the vestibule walls. The most common are wood and brick, as well as foam blocks and double-glazed windows. But it is possible to make such an extension of polycarbonate.
The first option: a double-glazed vestibule in a private house
The advantages that an extension of double-glazed windows gives in a house are undeniable. These are sound insulation, heat conservation, shelter of steps and interior items from precipitation and temperature changes, reliability and durability. The aesthetic appearance is also important. In addition, such a porch vestibule of a private house can become a place to accommodate a winter garden.
In addition to pre-purchased plastic bags, you will also need the following tools:
- building level;
- drill and screwdriver;
- connecting and swivel bars;
- special mounts;
- self-tapping screws and anchor bolts;
- rubber mallet.
The assembly process of such a porch will consist of the following actions:
- Measure the dimensions of plastic structures. The area of one is not recommended to be more than 2 square meters. They will not have sufficient strength, and the manufacturer will not give a guarantee for them. V last resort, it is recommended to make a jumper in a large part.
- Connect the structural elements with self-tapping screws, using connection bar. Fix everything to the floor and ceiling. To do this, you will need anchor bolts and special fasteners.
- At this point, it is extremely important to control the level of all lines. Horizontals and verticals must be clearly measured. Even a slight misalignment will lead to cracks.
- After the structure is assembled, double-glazed windows can be installed in it.
The second option: a polycarbonate vestibule in a private house
Of course, it will not be as durable as from a double-glazed window, but it is much more economical. For its construction, you will need to prepare sheet polycarbonate. Moreover, its thickness can be from 8 to 16 mm. The amount of material should be sufficient to sew up the walls and roof with it.
For the manufacture of the structure, steel or aluminum parts are needed. It can be round or rectangular pipes, channel or corners.
During the design of the roof, it should be taken into account that its slope cannot be less than 30 degrees. Otherwise, the snow will not be able to roll. This in turn will lead to damage to the polycarbonate.
It is important to remember that when the air temperature changes, polycarbonate and metal tend to change their dimensions. Therefore, when fastening, it is necessary to leave gaps of about 3 mm. By the way, for fasteners you will need screws, under which you need to lay washers with rubber gaskets.
The interior of the vestibule in a private house
If it only serves as a buffer, that is, it protects against cold air, then its dimensions will be extremely small. And the design is easy to think over, just paint the walls and hang curtains on the windows.
More space for creativity gives an increase in the vestibule. And it would be nice to make it from double-glazed windows. Then it will be comfortable not only to change clothes, but also to create a real greenhouse.
In any case, the vestibule in a private house, the design of which is combined with the main style of the hallway or living room, will be a logical continuation of the entire space. To do this, it is enough to follow simple rules:
- it must be in the same style as what is outside the front door, or be its complete opposite; in the first case, unity will be created, and in the second - contrast, but they will play for one thing - harmony;
- Protect the house from penetration through the front door of cold, heat, dust, pollen.
- To be a buffer room between the residential and utility parts of the house, providing convenient movement, and, at the same time, protecting residential premises from pollution and household noise.
- Become a hallway where you can remove and store outerwear and shoes.
- Serve as the location of the stairs at the entrance to the house for climbing to the level of the first floor.
Tambour is a small room at the entrance to the house, which serves as a heat lock between the house and the street. Entering the house, a person sequentially opens and closes first the door from the street, and then the door from the vestibule to the house.
Thus, there is always at least one closed door between the house and the street. The vestibule protects the interior of the house from the penetration of wind, dampness, cold in winter and heat in summer from the street.
The presence of a vestibule reduces the amount of heat that leaves the house in the winter when the front door is open. Heat loss with the air leaving the vestibule will be minimal if the vestibule is not heated and has not too much volume.
By building regulations the device of a thermal lock - a vestibule, is mandatory in an apartment building located in areas with a temperate and cold climate.
For a private house, the presence of a vestibule is not a mandatory requirement of the rules.
In private homes, as a rule, they refuse to install a standard small vestibule. The room at the entrance to the house, the architects increase in size, add new functions to it, or even do without a vestibule.
Standard vestibule built into the heating circuit of a private house. Vestibule area 2.1 m 2. The normative depth of the vestibule is not less than 1.2 m.
Many architects and developers have come to the realization that it is not profitable to arrange a small cramped closet at the entrance to a private house, just for the sake of saving heat. Look at the modern layouts of private houses, for example, Scandinavian architects - there is no vestibule in the house.
Russian architects often do not see the difference between a heat lock in an apartment building and a private house. In projects, in both cases, close closets of minimal size are drawn at the entrance. Probably, the lack of experience of living in a private house affects.
In a house without a vestibule, the flow of cold air and winds is limited due to various architectural techniques. For example, they place the porch and the front door in a recess, in a niche. Look at the picture and imagine. You open the front door and find yourself not in a small nook of a vestibule or even a hallway. And before your eyes, the magnificence of the design of a spacious hall with a distant perspective of the dining room and living room immediately opens up. It's so modern, trendy and cool!
Now imagine another picture. The front door opens and clubs of frosty air from the street fly unhindered deep into the house. In summer the wind blows in open door and spreads heat, dust and allergenic plant pollen throughout the air-conditioned home. The sounds and smells of a running engine come from the door in the hall that leads to the garage.
Which of the two paintings in the house without a tambour impressed you more?
In the Russian tradition, a fairly large canopy was always arranged in front of the entrance to the residential part of the house. Seni is a thermal gateway, which protects the house from the air of the street, as well as connects the residential part of the house with outbuildings located in the same volume as the house.
If outbuildings do not adjoin the house, then the walls of the passage are glazed, and such a room at the entrance to the house is called a veranda.
In the northern snowy regions, a ladder is often placed in the hallway., along which they rise to the level of the first floor. may be more than 1 m. In the southern regions, a high porch with steps outside the house is often made for this.
Of course, in the north you can make a high porch and steps outside, but with electric heating. Otherwise, the steps of the porch will freeze over in winter, and will provide the owner with a constant headache and anxiety for the health of loved ones.
In former times, cattle were kept on the farm, the land was cultivated, and many children were raised. Firewood, water, outdoor amenities had to be brought into the house. The front door in such a house practically did not close from morning to evening. A thermal lock in such a house is of course necessary.
Modern life in a private house is often quite different. Modern front doors, unlike the old ones, are airtight and well insulated. Another way of life in a private house, new designs and technologies in the arrangement of the house, in many cases make it possible to do without a vestibule at the entrance.
Do you need a vestibule in a private house?
Tambour can:
Dimensions, vestibule depth
According to building regulations, a standard vestibule in a house must have a depth of at least 1.2 m. To make the use of the room comfortable, at least a small window or front door with glass should be provided.
According to the rules fire safety in apartment buildings and public buildings, both doors in the vestibule should open outward, towards the street. For private houses, this requirement is not mandatory.
In an ordinary vestibule, heating is not done.
The device of the entrance vestibule in a modern private house
Tambour - hallway
The entrance vestibule can be advantageously combined with the hallway. The room provides for the installation of cabinets for storing outerwear and shoes, a place for changing clothes.
Tambour - the entrance hall is equipped with wardrobes for storing outerwear and shoes. There is room for dressing. To protect the premises of the house from the air of the street, the entrance hall is separated from the rest of the house by a door to the hall. The ledge of the wall creates a "quiet zone" on the porch, protected from the wind. Tambour - the hallway is equipped with heating. Be sure to install a window.
For the hallway to act as a heat lock, be sure to install the door between the hallway and the rest of the house.
To eliminate dampness and odors, it is necessary to do in the vestibule hallway. Ventilation reduces the humidity in the room, which reduces the risk of condensation on the details of the front door from the street.
Tambour - vestibule
If there is a garage, boiler room or other utility rooms under the same roof as the house, then it is convenient to make the vestibule a buffer room through which people move between the residential and utility parts of the house.
Tambour - canopy (urban version), connects the residential part of the house with utility rooms. The porch is located between the walls of the house and the garage in a place protected from the wind. In areas with snowy winters, it is advantageous to place a ladder for climbing to the level of the first floor inside the entrance hall. Agree, it is comfortable to move from one part of the house to another without going outside. From the utility rooms, you can immediately, without entering the house, go out through the vestibule.
At the same time, such a vestibule protects the residential part of the house not only from the air of the street, but also from smells and sounds from the utility rooms.
To prevent odors from entering the house through the vestibule, utility rooms must be equipped with an exhaust ventilation system.
Such a vestibule does not need to be heated if you want to save heat. But the window should be provided.
Tambour - veranda
A closed, glazed veranda can serve as a thermal lock at the entrance to the house. A veranda is usually arranged in a house when outbuildings are located away from the house.
Tambour - a veranda with glazed walls. In areas with snowy winters, it is advantageous to place the staircase at the entrance to the level of the first floor inside the veranda. Here the vestibule is outside the thermal envelope of the house. In areas with a cold climate, it is recommended that the walls of the vestibule-veranda be well insulated, and double-glazed windows should be used for glazing.
To improve thermal protection, the walls of the vestibule-veranda are often made of wall materials and reduce the glazing area. The veranda adjoining the house, as well as the canopy, reduce heat loss through the wall of the house.
Heating on the veranda is not necessary.
The device of the porch at the entrance to a private house
Outside, in front of the front door to the house. make a porch. The porch is necessary to protect the front door from precipitation.
Moreover, the porch creates comfortable conditions for a person who is preparing to enter the house. On the porch, you can safely put your bags, fold your umbrella, brush your feet on the rug, get the keys, or wait until the house opens the door.
To perform these tasks, the porch must have a roof. A person on the porch feels more comfortable if it is also protected from the wind.
In a house without a vestibule, the design of the porch is chosen so as to limit the movement of cold air into the house. For this the porch must be protected from the wind.
The porch is arranged on a platform that is raised above the ground on the site. In this case, the surface of the porch always remains dry. The surface of the porch is recommended to be raised relative to the blind area by at least one step - by 20 cm. By the way, the minimum basement height of a private house is also 20 cm.
House with a vestibule - a veranda. Not a good design- a high narrow porch is open to all winds, rains and blizzards. The porch will constantly get wet, freeze and collapse from the action of frost. Poorly protects the front door from precipitation. A person on such a porch is uncomfortable. The height of the basement of a private house is usually made more than the minimum. Therefore, the porch is also raised to the level of the basement, arranging steps outside.
In winter, especially in areas with stable snow cover, such the stairs to the porch require constant cleaning from snow and still often turns into a skating rink. Porch with stairs big sizes. If the steps of the stairs are not protected from precipitation, then they are moistened and quickly destroyed by frost.
In areas with severe snowy winters it can be beneficial to make the height of the porch minimal, and place the stairs to the first floor in the vestibule- in the hallway or veranda, as our ancestors did.
Dimensions of the porch of a private house
Minimum dimensions porch platforms in front of the front door are shown in the figure.
Convenient step height for climbing to the porch, 12-18 cm. tread width 33-40 cm.
If the site is located at a height of 0.45 m. and more, then it is necessary to make a fence of the platform and stairs. The height of the railing and railing on the stairs is at least 0.9 m.
For the safe and comfortable movement of people handrails on the stairs. Children different ages on the stairs will be safer if the handrails are placed in three levels at a height of 0.5 - 0.7 - 0.9 m.
No fencing required if steps are made from one or two other sides of the porch.
The height of the porch in this option should be no more than 1 meter. If such a porch is located at a height of more than 1 meter, then it is necessary to make a railing on each side of the descent from the stairs.
The standard width of the entrance door to the house is 90 cm . Sometimes they install a door 120 wide cm. with two sashes, and the sashes have different widths - 90 cm and 30 cm.
Entrance from the garage to the house. The minimum dimensions of the "porch" area are 60x60 cm.
In the garage attached to the house, the floor level is usually lower than on the ground floor in the house.
Before the door from the garage to the house, you have to arrange a "porch" with steps. To make the porch take up less space, make it as shown in the figure.
Another option is to make the floor in the garage flush with the floor in the house. In this case, a ramp is arranged at the entrance to the garage.
Outdoor insulated entrance doors for the house
Pay special attention to the choice of the entrance door to the heated room from the street. The door must have reliable seals and good thermal insulation. The door in the outer wall is installed so as to exclude a cold bridge through the slopes bypassing the door frame.
A vestibule of a steel street door of TERMO with a thermal break. The steel outer and inner parts of the leaf and the box are separated by a layer of thermal insulation. Do not place an ordinary single steel plate at the entrance from the street to a heated room. door - it will freeze, become covered with condensate and frost.
It is necessary to install a special steel a street door made using the technology of thermal break of the frame and leaf parts.
Entrance doors from a special PVC door profile and double-glazed windows will provide thermal protection and natural lighting in the hallway in the house. It is also possible to install doors made of a composite metal-plastic profile of the window type, but made of a reinforced door profile.
Traditional entrance doors from the street in solid oak Or street doors from wood - better from solid oak.
Two doors at the entrance to the house
Scheme of installation of a double front door at the entrance to the house In harsh climate in outer wall Houses establish two entrance doors . The door leaf from the side of the street opens outward, and the other - into the room. The second inner door, together with the air gap between the doors, reduces heat loss and prevents frost. outer door. In this variant outside you can put a regular steel door. There are also no special requirements for the door, which is installed from the inside of the house. Can be set to normal interior door. It is not necessary to install locks on the inner door, it is enough to equip the door with a latch.
Installing two simple doors at the entrance may not cost much more than installing one special door with a thermal break. Some owners remove the canvas of the inner door for the summer period, and return it to its place with the onset of cold weather.
Which vestibule to choose for a private house and whether to do it at all? When answering this question, one should take into account the lifestyle of the family, the layout of the house and the climatic conditions of the area.
If the family leads a peasant way of life - keeps cattle, cultivates a personal plot, then it is profitable to make traditional canopies in the house, which will unite all outbuildings in one volume with the house. It is convenient to make another exit out of the hallway, towards the backyard. This is often built in areas with harsh winters and high snow cover.
In the southern regions, outbuildings, summer kitchens are usually located on personal plot away from home. At the entrance to such a house they arrange a vestibule-entrance hall, which will protect indoor air-conditioned rooms from street heat and dust. The porch at the entrance to the house is shaded by a large canopy.
In a house with an urban lifestyle, family members most often move along the route house - garage - car. They come to the site only in summer, and even then they go out through the summer doors in the living room. In this variant better to have a vestibule, an urban variant that connects the garage to the living quarters. For storing outerwear is beneficial at the entrance to the house
If the garage is separate from the house or parking is made under a canopy, then at the entrance to the house they place a vestibule-entrance hall.
In the urban version, they often combine a vestibule, a canopy and a hallway.
