Machine tools for frame housing construction. Production of frame houses

Frame and frame-panel housing construction is currently considered one of the most promising systems of wooden construction, which provides great opportunities for creating a variety of architectural and planning solutions at a relatively low cost of such houses. The design of a frame house consists of a supporting element (frame), facing materials and thermal insulation material laid between the facings. The frame is made of structural lumber or glued wood impregnated with fire and bioprotective compounds.

First of all, about the differences. Frame and frame-panel technologies differ mainly in the degree of prefabrication of elements supplied to the construction site. Frame technology involves the manufacture in the factory of only frame elements and partially of a number of structures (for example, load-bearing roof trusses). Installation of the frame and subsequent operations (sheathing the frame with facing materials, laying thermal insulation, etc.) are carried out directly at the construction site.

Equipment for the production of frame houses

The next step in increasing the factory readiness of wooden house sets is the technology of frame-panel housing construction. Here, in the factory, most of the enclosing structures are assembled with their preparation for the installation of various engineering communications. In this case, a scheme is used, called the "platform frame". . The platform frame is more convenient and economical: the object is erected floor by floor, and each floor level acts as a platform, which is the base platform for assembling ready-made wall structures coming from the factory.
The construction of such a house takes no more than 2-3 weeks.
Industrial production of elements of frame and frame-panel houses is organized at enterprises equipped with special equipment, which has a different level of automation. Companies from North America, of course, have the greatest experience in the use of frame and frame-panel technologies in wooden housing construction.

Our catalog of woodworking equipment includes machines, automation systems and software for organization industrial production home kits of varying degrees of readiness.

This equipment includes:

Automatic and semi-automatic installations for trimming and transverse cutting of lumber for frames and truss structures,

Devices for picking and assembling trusses and sub-elements of wall panels,

Tables for assembling wall structures from sub-elements equipped with automatic tool for installing fasteners (metal toothed plates, staples and nails), as well as for sheathing finished frames with facing materials and sampling the necessary openings (window and door), drilling holes for communications and for performing other operations.

Depending on the wishes of the customer, the technological lines of frame housing construction can have a different level of automation, up to fully automated production, equipped with a computer control system, covering the full production cycle: from project development to finished products.

Manufacturing frame houses has become a very popular technology in Lately in the construction of private and commercial buildings. Due to the availability of raw materials, the use of energy-efficient technologies, the ability to simply make a house and assemble it on the site, this method is in great demand. Learn what frame building kits are selling, how to choose the best one and build your own house.

Frame house: the advantages of technology

Assembling a frame house has advantages over other building construction methods:

The house is being built at a fast pace. Even an inexperienced person can build it in two months.
The technology of a frame house is very simple, so it’s really possible to build it even by yourself.
This one of the cheapest ways to build a house, as opposed to purchasing a finished home or using other construction options.
At any stage of construction work, you can pause (for example, due to lack of money), and this will not cause the gradual destruction of the entire frame.
You can purchase house kits with a complete set and then construction will become an even easier task.

It is not for nothing that the governments of many countries after natural disasters give the victims frame houses for self-assembly, because this is the fastest and most reliable construction technology.

Construction technology of frame houses

A frame house can be built using one of the following technologies:

Classic. All materials are brought to the site, after which the house is assembled and insulated. They start with the construction of the "skeleton" of the building, and then it is insulated and sheathed with wooden slabs, after which they do the interior decoration.
Shield technology. There is a factory of frame houses, where shield panels are made, which are a finished section of the wall. The shield panel consists of OSB-boards, heaters and insulators. To order a frame house house kit from the factory, just go to the official website of the manufacturer and select the appropriate model. Then, shields will be made at the factory, which the builders will assemble on the site into a finished house.

Shield technology was invented in Germany. Its advantage is that it is sold ready frame house, in which almost nothing needs to be done after assembly. First, the foundation is prepared, and then finished panels are brought to this place. It can be sections of walls, roofs, floors.

German buildings are famous for their high quality, precision parts, fast production and subsequent assembly. Thanks to these advantages, the house lasts a very long time and does not require repair at all. From the time of the order to the delivery of the house, it takes up to six months, and a maximum of a month is spent on the entire construction.

Frame houses from the manufacturer

In the best factories, house kits are produced using automated systems. For more simple industries the assembly of the frame house house kit is carried out manually. But it should be understood that this option is suitable for small simple buildings.

Required equipment

The larger and more important parts are produced, the more qualified the personnel must be, and the equipment must be more accurate. A frame house set should be produced using modern mechanized and automatic equipment. This is important in order to eliminate errors that are possible during manual labor.

Chief in construction modern home is erection load-bearing frame made of rigid structures according to the type of crystal lattice. This makes the whole house very durable and increases its lifespan. For the frame, a selected timber with a given moisture content and exact dimensions is used. In the space between the tree there is a heater (more often it is mineral wool). On both sides it is isolated with a vapor and waterproofing film.

The final part of the wooden frame with the outer and inside – OSB boards. This material is quite moisture resistant, durable, environmentally friendly. After sheathing with this material, the frame house box is ready. Further inside, the wall is sheathed with drywall, finishing plastering, painting, wallpaper is glued, and outside the house is sheathed with siding, wood and other materials.

Thanks to such modern technology, the house turns out to be very warm, which allows you to save on energy resources, durable and reliable. The time of its operation can even exceed 100 years.

Benefits of prefab kits

A prefabricated frame house is in many ways much better than on-site construction:

there is no need to buy building materials separately;
the received materials for the frame house are guaranteed to be even, with exact dimensions, since they are harvested at the factory, where there is always a check for defects;
with the involvement of professionals, a house can be built in a very short time.

Frame house kits are good because the materials for their production are carefully prepared, so the house can be assembled very easily on site. And the better the frame is prepared at the factory, the more durable the building will be.

What does the frame house kit include?

Ready-made frame house kits for self-assembly are sets of various components. By assembling the kit on the site, you can get the finished building. The kit comes with documentation and specification, which contains a list of all parts and installation instructions.

Accompanying documentation must include the following:

main House project- drawings, instructions for assembly, list of materials and other documentation;
plans of all structures, communications and other engineering structures;
drawings that indicate how to connect specific elements and where to place them;
estimate - it contains the cost of building a house and the amount of equipment and materials required.

Production of frame house kits

Frame houses are produced in factories in a conveyor way. In order for each element of the house kit to be high-precision, it is necessary to use the most modern equipment. Therefore, such products are produced exclusively in specialized factories, especially if the house is large and with a complex structure.

Among all the options for building frame houses, the “Finnish” and “Canadian” are considered the most successful and in demand. Let's take a closer look at both technologies.

"Canadian" house kit

Canadian house building technology is characterized by the use of SIP panels. They have high rigidity, so there is no need to build a special frame on which they must hold.

To get a SIP panel, two oriented strand boards are glued on the bars, making a frame between them, into which the insulation is placed. Usually, expanded polystyrene is used for these purposes. The optimal thickness of the insulation is 150 mm and above. Thus, the total thickness of the product is more than 170 mm. To make the frame more rigid, a lot of wooden bars are glued inside.

SIP panels are manufactured at the plant with high-tech equipment. Compliance with the drawings is monitored by a computer, so the products are made as accurately as possible. When the panels are cut, cutouts are immediately made for windows and doors.

Wooden bars are installed at the ends of the openings, for which special grooves are used. And so that the panels are easily connected to each other, they are fixed according to the “thorn-groove” principle. Thus, it implies the construction of all structures from panels - external walls, walls, ceilings, floors, roofs, etc.

Separately, it is worth dwelling on the characteristics of SIP panels:

the size of the floor panels is 1250x3200x200 mm;
panel size for external walls - 1250x2500x160 mm;
v special occasions wall thickness may be different;
the sound absorption of the walls is 74 dB;
the maximum axial load for such a wall is 3-4 thousand kg for each square meter, a
deflection load - 100-450 kg per sq. m;
the density of the walls is 15-17 m / cu. m;
thermal conductivity - about 0.05 W / m.K.

Additionally, they insulate the house outside and inside with foam of optimal thickness or mineral wool.

The remaining parts are made from coniferous bars of the appropriate size. Wood moldings are delivered dry and planed. Windows are made of plastic or wood. To wooden details did not begin to deteriorate under the influence of biological and atmospheric factors, it is necessary to impregnate them with special substances that protect against fire, mold and fungus.

"Finnish" house kit

Finnish technology differs from Canadian technology in that it uses only natural and environmentally friendly materials. All panels are also made of wood, sheathed inside basalt insulation or, and outside - polystyrene foam.

The scheme for the device of frame houses according to the Finnish type is as follows:

OSB panel outside. As a rule, OSB-3 with a thickness of 15 mm is used. This plate is quite rigid, does not collapse under the influence of moisture, and withstands processing well.
. IsoBox-Inside 15 cm thick is usually used. This is one of the most low-toxic materials, which has a high level of heat and sound insulation, and a long service life. Also, basalt insulation does not support combustion.
Vapor barrier membrane. It protects against wind, the effects of water and steam on the insulation and walls, and prevents the accumulation of condensate on and inside the walls.
Inner plate. This is a construction made of gypsum and wood shavings, the thickness of which is 10 mm. 85% of the plate is gypsum, and 15% is shavings.
Frame stand. It is made from a dried planed board measuring 45x145 mm. Racks are installed every 50 cm, connecting the outer and inner panels with them to make the structure more rigid.
End bar. They are sheathed with panels around the perimeter. At the places of future windows and doors, bars are also installed at the ends to secure adjacent parts to them.

To make the house even warmer and prevent freezing, the outer walls are often sheathed with PSB-25F expanded polystyrene, which is then covered decorative plaster for facades. Very important make a space for ventilation between this facade layer and the insulation. Therefore, a vertical crate is stuffed, which creates this gap.

The internal partition panels have a similar structure, except for the presence of a vapor barrier. There is also a smaller layer of insulation - 10 cm. The base panels are sheathed with cement on both sides. particle board, the thickness of which is 16 mm. It does not support combustion, is environmentally friendly, has excellent soundproofing and strength properties. The insulation layer in the basement panels is 200 mm.

Also used in floor panels cement particle board, the thickness of which is 20 mm. Insulation here is two times less - a 100-mm layer.

The most complex structure of the roof panels:

inner slab 10 mm thick made of gypsum and shavings;
vapor barrier layer;
powerful wooden rafters;
wooden crate from a bar;
a layer of 200 mm basalt insulation;
waterproofing layer;
counter-lattice (a beam of 40x40 mm is used);
roof.

The above items are fully manufactured industrial way according to precise drawings. Finnish technology is also different in that the panels are fastened together not with glue, but with staples and galvanized nails. Also, the finished panels already have a hydro and vapor barrier layer, and the wooden parts are pre-impregnated with protective compounds.

Self-assembly of house kits

If the frame house kit is not large-panel, you can even assemble it yourself, following the instructions. Although it will be longer in time, it will take less money to implement the project. Many factories sell special do-it-yourself kits.

Typically, these kits include the following:

Beam of the lower strapping. This structural element contains many grooves for installing horizontal and vertical elements of the tenon-groove type.
Beam of the upper strapping. A similar part into which components are fixed, but only at the top.
Beam of vertical strapping with thorn-groove locks.
Lags for ceilings at the top and bottom.
Rafter.
Wood for the production of shields, which is harvested according to exact size specified in the specifications. There are panels both with a heater installed inside and without it.
Wood for floor cladding at the bottom and top.
Roof framing.
fasteners.
Documents, plans, project, drawings, fastener diagrams, assembly instructions and other documentation.

In order to clearly understand which part relates to what, each element must have the appropriate marking. Details are also supplied with specifications indicating the location of each element.

It is the developer who determines what materials will be used for flooring, ceilings, roofing of the building and finishing the house outside and inside.

The construction of houses with the help of house kits also has limitations:

longer working life;
high complexity of assembly;
the dependence of construction on the weather.

Among the advantages are the low cost of construction. Most home kits can be assembled independently without involving a construction team.

How to choose a house kit

When choosing a house kit for yourself and the materials from which it will be made, you need to consider the following factors:

Climatic conditions in which the house will be built. The more severe conditions the building is operated in, the thicker the walls and the insulation layer should be. In areas with high humidity make it more waterproof.
seismic activity. In areas where it is increased, they make a more durable foundation structure and fix the walls in a special way.
The type of soil determines what the foundation will be.
Flow depth ground water. The method of arranging basements, the features of the construction of foundations, the complexity of the drainage system and waterproofing depend on this.
Design requirements. They define appearance buildings, the choice of materials for finishing the house, the internal arrangement of the walls.
People's reviews. It is worth considering the experience of residents who live in the neighborhood and give certain recommendations for the construction of frame houses.
Personal building skills If a self-assembly kit is purchased, it is better for inexperienced people to choose simpler projects so that it is realistic to build them yourself.

Usually, all house kits can be divided into four types, depending on the configuration:

Low budget. The kit includes only elements for the main frame, which are fixed with tongue-and-groove locks. The lumber is air-dried, the molding has clear dimensions. The kit does not include insulation and finishing materials.
Economy The kit includes the necessary parts for assembling the house, as well as shields with insulation. For floors, timber is used, and wooden frame assembled from shields. The walls are delivered without cladding and insulation. There are also no materials for finishing the house inside and out.
Standard. The kit includes all elements for the construction of the building and finishing materials.
Suite. Included all modular parts. Overlappings are made of panels with filling. All designs have increased protection against moisture and greater rigidity. The finished house kit also includes all communications.

The specified configurations are not final and can be combined with each other.

Depending on the type of panels, frame houses are of the following types:

Small-panel- even the largest parts of the house kit are so light and small that they can be lifted and fixed manually. For the construction of such a house, a team of 2-3 people is enough.
Large-panel- the house consists of large blocks, so it is quickly assembled. But on the site it is necessary to use a crane and a large construction team.

As soon as you decide which house kit to buy, it is advisable to visit the manufacturer, consult with specialists, resolve the issue of delivering the elements to the site and decide on the project of the house.

Where to order a frame house kit

In almost all regions of the country there are enterprises that provide services for the construction of frame houses. To choose a specific manufacturer, you need to consider several factors:

How far is the plant from the construction site. The further it is, the more expensive the delivery of the house kit will cost.
What house kits does the company produce.
The quality of the materials used in production.
The quality and level of equipment in the workshops.
Used modern technologies at the factory.
Availability of project documentation.
Does the manufacturer provide a guarantee to the customer and for what exactly?
Does the manufacturer provide a mobile team to install the house on site.
The cost of the house kit and services for its construction.

Home kits for the price may vary in different regions. This is due to several factors:

volumes of imported raw materials;
availability of raw materials of own production used in the production of house kits;
implementation of own technological developments in production.

If you take average prices for a house set, then they are as follows:

low-budget project - 2-4 thousand rubles per square meter;
economy - 4.5-7 thousand rubles;
standard - 7.5-12 thousand rubles;
luxury - 13.5-28 thousand rubles, respectively.

If individual changes are made to the project, the cost of construction can increase by a quarter. When calling an additional team from the factory, the cost will increase by 30%.

Step-by-step algorithm for self-construction of a house kit

When placing an order for the production of a house kit, you need to take a copy of the drawings for yourself in order to understand how to make the foundation and where the outer perimeter of the building will pass.

Stages of building a house from a house kit

The construction of a classic frame house from a house kit consists of several stages:

Foundation construction. Frame houses are considered light, so they do not need a strong foundation. Columnar, pile and shallow tape structures are usually used. It is necessary to strictly observe the drawings in the production of foundations, make sure that they have a strict horizontal surface. They also check the compliance of all corners with the drawings and the parallelism of the walls. In the production of foundations, they determine where to make openings for access to communications, make waterproofing.
Organization of home storage. A frame house is not built in one week, so it is necessary to organize a place where its elements will be stored. You need a level ground. Each detail should be free approach. It is important to fold the rafters vertically so that they do not bend.
Home installation. As soon as the foundation is completely ready, they begin to build the house itself. For this, elements from the house kit are used. All joints are sealed with jute insulation or polyurethane foam.

House assembly technology

The assembly of the panels of the frame house house kit is carried out strictly in the following order.

Installation of floor panels. For additional waterproofing, they are lubricated with mastics. The tongue-and-groove lock is blown out mounting foam. Used to fasten panels anodized self-tapping screws. To ensure higher rigidity, strapping bars are used at the ends of the panels.

Installation of the lower strapping beam. When installing it, it is important to observe the exact markup. The beam is fixed in the floor with self-tapping screws with a fastening step of 40 cm. Also, with a step of 1 m, holes are made through the beam, flooring and a foundation into which anchor bolts are inserted. The structure is tightened and fixed.

Installation of wall panels. The corner panel is fixed first, erecting it vertically strictly along the body kit. The structure is installed on the strapping beam. Then put the second corner panel. The joint between them is sealed, the panels themselves are fixed to each other with self-tapping screws, and both structures are tied to the bottom trim. Further, with the rest of the panels, they act similarly.

Installation of panel walls inside. The principle of their installation is similar to external structures. On the one hand, the partitions are fixed to the outer wall, on the other hand, to similar partitions using brackets and plates.

Floor beams. If there is a second floor, you will need to install floor beams to enhance the rigidity and strength of the structure. For their production it is better to use profiled timber. The beams are installed using perforated plates.

Ceiling installation. For its installation, the same principles are used as for flooring. In order for the structure to have optimal rigidity, it is installed on floor beams.

Installation of front panels. So that the ends of the ceiling do not look out, it is sheathed on the outside with a beam. Then the strapping bars are installed, the joints are sealed and the gable panels are attached to the strapping bar.

Installation of a ridge beam. This element of the frame house kit is fixed on the gable panels. For installation, metal perforated plates are used.

Intermediate support beams. They are built directly into the gable panel. The beams run parallel to the ridge. This structural element is necessary to avoid deflection of the roof panels. Both ridge timber and beams are used as a load-bearing element of the roof.

Installation of roof panels. After installing the gable panels, their ends are sewn up with special beams, after which the roof panels are installed and their joints are sealed. Self-tapping screws and glue are used to fix panels with ridge beams and support beams.

After that, the frame house is considered fully assembled. It does not shrink, serves long time due to the perfect accuracy of all parts and high-quality assembly.

Video: house kit assembly at the facility

See in the video how the finished house is obtained from the kit.

PURPOSE:

Mounting table "MS-1" is intended for assembly of wooden frames used as a frame for subsequent sheathing of house-building panels up to 7.5 m long.

APPLICATION AREA:

It is used at complex house-building enterprises in the manufacture of large external and internal house panels. Typically installed as part of a high performance line.

PROCESSING SCHEME:

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES:

The sliding design of the table with an electromechanical drive makes it easy to adjust it to the desired width of the frame (frame) being manufactured;
Convenient clamping system for mounting and fixing elements of the manufactured frame;
The mechanism for quick adjustment of the height of the location of the pistols;
The automatic lowering of the discharge roller guides does not interfere with the installation of the elements to be assembled.

DESIGN FEATURES

TABLE DESIGN

The table consists of movable and fixed parts. The sliding part is driven by a gear motor mounted in the center of a compound shaft common to both drive rollers, which achieves a synchronous angular speed of their rotation and parallelism of the two main parts of the table. Thus, the table can be easily extended to fit the required panel width. Discharge rollers are installed on each part of the table with single guides, which are lowered during assembly and raised for unloading.

STAPLE HEADS

On both sides of the table there are two automatically moving trolleys with installed staple heads. One gun is attached to each head German company BEA with extended magazines. The self-timer is coupled with retractable clamps in such a way that the pistols fire only at the attachment points of the transverse beams. The guns are arranged at an angle for the diagonal location of the clogged bracket with respect to the cross beam.

The electrical cabinet is separate.

PRODUCTS RECEIVED:

STANDARD EQUIPMENT:

Welded construction l=8000 mm;
Fixed table and movable wing, moving along the rack;
Positionable stops;
Exact profile L 35 on both sides along the entire length of the table with end stops;
Cable and pneumatic wiring from two sides of the table;
Linear guides L40 for carriages with nail guns;
Carriages with nail guns 2 pcs. (1 piece on each side);
Clamping stop for the frame to be assembled (swivel 90° with 150 mm lift);
Gun height adjustment mechanism (30-220 mm)
Compressed air is supplied to each hand gun;
Automatic nail gun (1 pc.) with pneumatic activation and magazine sensor (1 pc. on each carriage);
Template for setting the right angle of the panel;
Ejectors - 2 pcs. (1 piece on each side of the table) to move the panel frame on the table;
The distributor, the air preparation unit and the rest of the wiring are located on the machine.

ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT:

Compressor;
Additional air pistols;
Table length for long panels: 5.5; 10.5; 12.5 m

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One of the most lightweight building structures are frame houses. As you know, frame housing construction is the main type of low-rise construction in Scandinavian countries, as well as Finland, Germany and the USA.

Here we will talk about the production of frame houses (frame-panel (panel)) types, the technology for their manufacture, and also briefly consider the equipment needed for this.

Frame construction technology

There are two technologies for building frame houses:

Classic frame. With this method, the entire house is assembled and insulated directly on the construction site itself. Those. first, the entire frame (skeleton) of the building is erected, then it is sheathed with slabs on one side, and on the other, they begin to be insulated and, at the end, also sheathed with slabs.
Frame-panel (panel) technology. Its essence lies in the fact that panel panels are assembled at the factory for a particular house, which consist of several layers of various insulators and heaters, sheathed on both sides with OSB-plates, then a house is already assembled from them at the construction site. Those. here the skeleton is not erected.

The second technology comes from Germany. In addition to the production of individual parts, it provides for the assembly of structures in the factory. The output is a 90% finished German frame house. The technology is promising for the construction of wooden buildings. Large panels assembled in workshop conditions are delivered to the construction site: roof and wall parts. German frame houses compare favorably with high-quality error-free assembly by a tower crane finished structures in a short time, which leads to the operation of the building for a long time without the need for repairs.

The advantage of the latest technology is that it takes only about a month to build a turnkey frame-panel (panel) house, while its geometry is almost perfect.

Necessary equipment

Most often, as equipment for the production of frame houses are used automated systems. The absolute leader in their production is the German company WIENMANN.

Video of the WIENMANN WEK 100 system:

There are also conventional assembly lines, where manual labor is the main one, but such equipment for the production of frame houses is more suitable for simple projects and the business itself will not be massive, because. its performance will be very small.

Production technology

Enlarged details of frame-panel houses (frame-panel) must be assembled by qualified employees of the plant, in the workshops. Production must meet all modern requirements: it must be as mechanized and automated as possible, it is desirable to use manual labor in exceptional situations, so that errors will be eliminated as much as possible.

Video of the production of frame houses at a factory in Tatarstan:

A modern house is built on the basis of a power frame, consisting of rigid rods, assembled on the basis of the principle of a crystal lattice. The basis turns out high-strength and durable. The carcass parameters are calculated by a computer program and then put into production on a high-tech line.

The basis of the houses is a frame made of dried selected wooden beam, whose moisture index and geometry accuracy fully correspond to the technological parameters entered in the database of the automatic production line. Internal and external walls consist of a certain sequence modern materials. The space between the frames is closely filled with mineral wool insulation. The drawdown or displacement of the insulation is prevented by a very dense filling of the interframe space.

The structure of the panel (shield) for a frame house. Materials and structure may vary. Finishing, of course, is done after the installation of the building

From 2 sides the wooden frame is upholstered OSB boards. This material is produced by pressing wood chips and resins. The resulting plates are extremely durable, moisture resistant, environmentally friendly. Inside, mineral wool insulation is fixed and protected by a vapor barrier membrane. At the final stage, the building is finished with plasterboard on the inside, on which fine plaster is subsequently applied, wallpaper is glued, and so on. Outside, the house is additionally covered with basalt insulation, polystyrene foam, and slabs. Technology allows you to build wooden houses all year round regardless of weather conditions.

Good insulation provides comfortable living in all weather conditions and significant energy savings in housing maintenance. The rigidity and strength of the structure are sufficient for the use of frame-panel houses in earthquake-prone areas, in particular, in Japan.

Modern technology for the construction of frame-panel (panel) houses assumes successful operation for more than a hundred years.