Ventilation holes in the roof. How to organize competent roof ventilation

Ventilation gap or ventilation duct in the roof.

ventilation gap under the roof - what is it for, how to calculate and what to make.

The vent gap itself is part ventilation system roof space.

Arrange it of course under the roof. Actually:

Vent gap- this is a gap between the hydro-barrier and the roof through which the air moves through the duct from the roof eaves to the ridge -, deflectors and other ventilation outlets - located in the upper part of the slopes (usually near the ridge).

Arrange ventilation gap with wooden beam. As a rule, this is a beam with dimensions of 50 × 50 mm from coniferous trees.

Calculation of the counter-rail (beam) for the device of the ventilation channel

The height of the ventilated ducts and the dimensions of the inlet vent openings of the duct depend on the slope, the area of the roof and the humidity of the inner layers of the roof.

The calculation, or rather the selection of the counter-beam, is taken in accordance with SNiP II-26-76 according to the table below.

Table - Selection of the height of the ventilation duct for roofs.

Notes:

* The height of the ventilation duct is taken for a slope length of not more than 10 m; with a longer slope, the height of the channel is increased by 10% m, or additional installation is provided exhaust devices(aeration pipes).

According to this SNiP, the selected height of the ventilation duct is the size of the wooden counter-beam. So for pitched roofs, sizes of counter-rails from 40 × 40 mm to 60 × 60 mm are acceptable. In practice, the most "popular" and practiced is the size of 50 × 50 mm. This is usually due to the fact that the rafters have a cross section of 50 mm in width. The standard length of bars offered by sawmills is 3.0 meters.

It happens when, in order to save money, developers dissolve themselves into a manual board into slats measuring 25 × 50 mm and, during installation, put it on edge, leaving a height of 50 mm. Is it worth it to do so? Of course not, because when driving nails, the slats prickle and crack, and a crate must also be attached to them. And a chipped and cracked tree will not provide reliable fastening for a purlin or a beam.

Installation of the counter-beam

The counter-rail is mounted on top of a hydro-barrier (SDM-membrane) mounted on top of the rafter legs. Fasten the bar with ruffed nails measuring 90 mm. Nails are punched at a distance: from the edges of about 5 cm, at intervals of no more than 0.5 meters.

And one more important point- we must not forget that, like all other wooden elements of the roof, the counter-beam must be treated with OgneBio-protection, that is, antiseptic.

When arranging the valleys, it is necessary to arrange the air properly so that there is no "stagnation" of air:

Ventilation of the roof of the house is necessary, as well as ventilation of the attic or bathroom. On the surface of a non-ventilated roof, the temperature and humidity regime is disturbed. Drops of condensate settle on the roofing material and load-bearing structures, causing rotting, destruction and leading to frequent repairs.

Why Roof Ventilation is Necessary

Due to the temperature difference in the under-roof space, condensate collects. Water penetrates into the insulation, its insulating qualities deteriorate. The more moisture under the roof, the worse it keeps the temperature.

Most often, the truss system is assembled from a tree that is prone to rotting with constant contact with moisture. The moldy rafters are collapsing, threatening to collapse.

The accumulation of water in the roofing carpet of soft materials causes peeling of the coating. The roof starts to leak. And only roof ventilation will help prevent all troubles.

Advantages of houses with ventilated roofs:

the under-roof space is blown with fresh street air;
the optimal temperature and humidity in the attic is maintained;
the properties of the heat-insulating material are preserved;
roofing materials and supporting structures are protected from mold, fungus, sagging.

Poor roof ventilation in a private house causes:

getting wet roof structure, rotting, deterioration of load-bearing properties;
warping or rusting roofing material;
destruction of stone and concrete parts;
a decrease in the thermal insulation qualities of the roof, which means an increase in the cost of heating the house;
overheating of the house and roof in the hot season.

In this regard, the importance of ventilation of the mansard roof, where the under-roof space is residential, should be mentioned.

Roof ventilation methods

The ventilation of the roof of any private house is carried out by the method of natural air movement in the under-roof space.

There are several mechanisms for providing roof ventilation in a private house:

ridge ventilation gable roof.
eaves ventilation.
roof exhaust fans.
piece elements with ventilation holes.
skates of a special design.
ventilation gaps, which are provided during the installation of the roof.
dormer windows in the attic.

Now let's look at the features different designs ventilation of roofs of houses, collected from different materials.

Tile roof ventilation

When laying shingles, a gap must be left for ventilation. But for the free movement of air on both sides of the roof, several more conditions must be met.

Requirements for ventilation of a roof made of shingles:

A 50 mm beam is inserted between the insulation and the base of the roof;
At the bottom of the roof slope, ventilation slots are left through which fresh air enters. This is a favorite place for settlements of small birds. Therefore, it is advisable to cover the ventilation slots of the roof with soft roof grille or spotlights;
Air extraction is provided by ridge ducts or aerators;
The crate is installed in a special way, with gaps, so that air flows freely from the bottom up;
The height of the air layer is determined by the thickness of the timber. Which is chosen depending on the length of the slope and the angle of the roof. Only a specialist can correctly calculate the width of the air gap.

For example, when the length of the slope is 5 meters, the angle is 10 degrees - 5 cm is enough, if the angle is the same, and the length of the slope is 25 meters, you need a beam 10 cm thick.

Roof ventilation from a soft roof can be made 1 or 2-circuit. Dual circuit system shown in the attached illustration.

1 - warming, 2 - vapor barrier 3 - anti-hurricane protection, 4 - the first slot for ventilation, 5 - second slot for ventilation, 6 - roofing.

Forced ventilation of a flexible roof

Aerators are installed to increase the efficiency of roof ventilation from flexible tiles. The aerator always has low pressure, so the draft never disappears.

Aerators are produced different diameter and heights. The size and quantity are selected depending on the area of the roof of flexible tiles.

Ventilation with aerators is equipped according to the rules:

between two aerators must be at least 12 meters;
they are installed on the highest places of the roof, evenly;
if the roof is recently installed, it is preferable to choose the joints of the insulation;
if aerators are installed during the repair of a soft roof roof, the best place for the ventilation element - where the roof is slightly swollen;
the diameter of the hole for the wind vane should be 1 - 2 cm larger than the diameter of the pipe itself;
the aerator is attached with anchor bolts or dowels;
the joint must be treated with sealant or glued with a special tape.

Mansard roof ventilation

Ventilation of the roof above the attic has an additional important function of regulating the temperature inside the residential attic. The lower surface of the roofing cake actually adjoins its ceiling. Thus, the movement of air along the inner plane provides additional thermal insulation. Therefore, a special technology has been created for the construction of ventilation of mansard roofs with the output of moist, hot or cold air to the outside.

The principles of natural ventilation are used: warm air is displaced by a cold stream coming from below.

Attic roof ventilation components:

vapor barrier film or membrane (selected with minimum permeability);
insulation, which is placed between the rafters;
crate;
counter-lattice from slats or bar;
waterproofing;
roofing.

The diffusion membrane completely prevents the accumulation of condensate. A special membrane fabric does not allow moisture from below (from the living space of the attic) to the lower surface of the roof. At the same time, a gap remains under the roofing material for the unhindered movement of air masses. Waterproofing prevents the penetration of moisture from the outside.

It is also necessary to provide slots in the cornice for air entry and in the ridge area for exit. The upper ventilation slot is located between the waterproofing and the roofing. Water entering from the street evaporates through this vent. The structures that support the roof are also well ventilated.

The lower ventilation slot is located between the waterproofing and the insulating layer. Through it, water evaporates, penetrating into the insulation from below. Air from residential premises is saturated with water vapor, which must be removed.

Roof steam and waterproofing

Insulating films are laid on the rafters, between which gaps of no more than 120 cm are left. To prevent condensation from falling on wooden beams, the film is mounted with a sag of 1–2 cm. It is fixed with a stapler or nails with a wide galvanized hat. If the cap is not large enough, the film will break through. The canvases are laid out with an overlap of 15 cm, which is glued with adhesive tape.

There should be a gap of at least 4 cm between the insulation layer and the waterproofing. The film is rolled out along the rafters and fastened with battens along them, nailed with galvanized nails.

The counter-lattice consists of bars, which are installed at intervals of 15 cm.

In the area of the ridge, it is necessary to leave 5 cm between the edge of the insulation and the axis of the ridge for ventilation. And only now it is possible to build a crate, the type of which depends on the material of the roof.

It is important to properly process the places where the pipes enter the roofing pie. The film is cut in the form of a truncated triangle. It turns out a kind of valves that are attached to the walls of the pipe or bars with sealant tape.

The vapor barrier is mounted tightly, the lower gap is not left. But the upper air between the membrane and the crate is necessary.

To protect the roofing material from exposure to steam from residential premises, fleecy membranes are used, attached to the insulation with a smooth surface inside. On small hairs, water droplets are held without rolling into puddles. Such a vapor barrier extends the life of the insulation and wooden structures, preserves the quality of insulation. Thanks to the film, mold colonies do not form on the rafters.

The vapor barrier sheets are rolled out across the insulating material, overlapping by 15 cm, the edges are glued with special adhesive tape.

Ridge aerator for ventilation

The ridge aerator provides ventilation of the roof ridge, helps maintain the temperature and humidity in the attic. Ready-made ridge aerators can be mounted on any type of roof.

They are installed only on roofs with a slope of 14 to 45 degrees. On the roof, ridge vents must be equipped. The length of the aerator should match the length of the ridge. A distance of 30 cm or more is maintained from the chimney to the ridge cut. The design of the ventilated ridge of the roof must be airtight.

Mansard roof deflectors

Deflectors or roofing aerators are mechanisms for removing moisture and steam from the roofing pie. The aerator uses the convection method.

The deflector in the mansard roof provides:

steam evacuation before it reaches the roofing materials;
pressure reduction, preventing swelling of the mineral wool used as a heater;
evacuation of moisture from mineral wool, preventing condensation.

According to the regulations for the ventilation of mansard roofs, it is necessary to equip 1 deflector for every 100 sq. meters. This density allows you to effectively remove excess moisture. If the roof valley is very steep and the ridges are tilted, deflectors are placed in the valley and along the ridge run at the joints of the insulation layer.

Metal roof ventilation

Ventilation of the roof of a metal tile house has some features.

Continuous ventilation is ensured during the installation of the roofing pie and lies in the fact that a gap of up to 5 cm is left between the roofing material and thermal insulation. And so that the wood does not get wet, a sealant is placed under the ridge.

The area of the ventilation slots at the eaves should be equal to the area of the ridge vents (the volume of inflow is equal to the volume of outflow). The total area of the vents should be 1% of the roof area. If during the design and construction of a house the ventilation of a metal roof is not thought out, there is an express method for ready-made roofs.

The basis of roof ventilation in this case are ventilation pipes and ventilation outlets. The height of the pipe must be 50 cm or more. For every 60 sq. meters of roof area, 1 pipe is installed as close to the ridge as possible. By the time of installation of point ventilation outlets, the video of which we present, the metal roof must be fully assembled.

Most often used plastic pipes, they do not violate appearance buildings and serve for a long time.

In areas with heavy snowfalls, pipes up to 65 cm long are installed in winter. The places where the pipes adjoin the roof are hermetically sealed. When the roof is flat, and the slopes are more than 6 m long, ventilation junctions are equipped. The height of the junctions is from 40 cm above the roof. Instead of a conventional pipe, it is sometimes more efficient to use the deflectors presented in the metal roof ventilation video.

Ventilation of the roof ridge under the metal tile is provided by a ridge board separating two roof slopes. On the one hand, the air freely exits, preventing the formation of condensate.

Natural draft is used to ventilate the space under the roof. And it will work only if the number and location of ventilation outlets is accurately calculated.

Installation of a point ventilation outlet

Point exits are suitable as ventilation for hip and pitched roofs of a small area. Complex roofs with several ridges are equipped with an exit at each ridge. The distance to the ridge should not be more than 0.6 m. It is not advisable to mount two outlets on one sheet of metal tiles so as not to weaken the structure.

When purchasing a ventilation outlet for a metal roof, the following parameters are taken into account:

the profile of the lining must match the profile of the metal tile;
pipe color;
temperature limits for a given instance;
the kit should include installation instructions, linings, a template, fasteners, the pipe itself, as well as a passage element;
the diameter of the pipe depends on the area of the roof.

The most important point in installing spot ventilation of a metal roof is cutting a hole right size and sealed piping. If the device is assembled correctly, in accordance with the annotation, then the junction with the roof will be insulated from rain or snow.

The hole is cut clearly according to the attached template using metal shears or a hacksaw, but not a grinder, which spoils the coating.

Tightness is ensured by silicone, which is treated with a sealing circle. Next, the passage element is attached with screws from the kit and a pipe is inserted into it. The passage element is necessary for fixing the pipe. To make the fastening reliable, a hole is cut in it a quarter smaller than the diameter of the pipe. Sometimes this node is sold already assembled. The pipe must be installed vertically, which is checked by a level. Now it is fixed with screws and covered with decorative overlays.

Roof ventilation from corrugated board

Roof ventilation from corrugated board is organized by a natural method, similar to the ventilation of a metal roof shown in the video. In the zone of the cornice overhang, air penetrates into the underfloor space, freely passes up to the ridge and is removed by the tent ridge. If the skate is not longer than 10 m, through the end.

Ventilation of the underfloor space of the corrugated roof is provided by installing ventilation rails on the waterproofing layer. The lowest rail near the eaves should be 50% thicker than the rest.

The waterproofing does not reach the ridge of the roof, so that, while providing high-quality ventilation of the roof from corrugated board, it does not prevent the release of vapors. And the leakage of water from the outside is prevented by sealing the ridge with the “top-roll” system. You can also install a roof vent under corrugated board or metal tiles.

Shed roof ventilation

More often shed roofs are installed over verandas and terraces where ventilation is not needed. And the situation is completely different when it is above a residential building. Shed roof ventilation is very simple to equip and this is a great advantage of the design. You do not need to purchase aerators or mount a special-shaped ridge, but only correctly assemble the roof itself.

Shed roof certainly needs ventilation. Under the roofing material, a place is left for the free movement of air flows. Movement is from bottom to top. Therefore, a gap is left between the heat-insulating layer and the waterproofing. Often, additional ventilation holes are drilled in the cranked walls.

Roof overhangs are sewn up with perforated spotlights. When installing the crate between the boards, small gaps are left. You can also install ventilation grilles. Shed roofs are ventilated with an angle of inclination of 5 - 20 degrees.

hip roof ventilation

When constructing the ventilation of the roof of the hip structure, they are guided by the principles already outlined above. This is a natural ventilation method, in which air enters the under-roof space from under the eaves and exits near the ridge.

Therefore, special attention should be paid to the wind filing of the cornices. If the cornice is hemmed with wood, gaps are left between the boards. It is more convenient to make a filing from ready-made perforated plastic (soffits). If the filing is already ready, and ventilation is not provided, openings are cut into which gratings are mounted for forced ventilation of the hip roof. Lattice diameter 5 cm, they are covered fine mesh. Between the gratings, gaps of no more than 0.8 meters are left. On sale there are models of various colors and shapes.

Why ventilation may be needed, not everyone knows, but if you ask a person who is far from construction why an attic is needed in the house, he will answer without hesitation that it is for warmth. Warmly, of course, means a good microclimate in a house or a city apartment. Of course, the city dweller will also note that attics contain some communications, for example, heating, but not every one of these rooms is used only for such technical purposes. By the way, it is on the example of city houses that you can see how many holes are in the attic. And these are not glazed windows, namely through holes, so you can understand how strong drafts are walking under the roof of the house.

They are simply necessary there, because they carry away not so much heat from the house as excess moisture. And if there were no such ventilation in the attic, it would become useless. Then a reasonable question arises: how do they make attics in houses where people live, full-fledged heating works and windows can be closed hermetically in case of wind, cold and rain? Is it possible that a real "" is being created in these rooms? Not at all. More precisely, ideally, the attic should have the same microclimate as in the rest of the house, and only if the attic is insulated with gross errors, then the microclimate becomes much worse, and not only in the attic.

Even the mansard roof must be ventilated, and this is achieved different methods. Their essence boils down to one thing: the under-roof space must be blown. And for this, a special gap is made between the actual roofing material and the rough roof. As a rule, the latter is a “multi-layered cake”, which uses at least two membrane materials, as well as insulating mats. The device of this "pie" is well known to every modern professional roofer.

But back to the roof space. Sometimes the roof area is so significant, and the configuration is so complex that it is impossible to ventilate all this space only due to gaps alone. Therefore, they outline such places in which special fans have to be mounted. Often, changes are made to the design of the attic itself related to the arrangement of dormer windows or the so-called roof bay windows. Remote windows are often made, but their arrangement is not directly connected with roof ventilation, and may even complicate it, since the roof surface becomes much more indented.

What causes poor roof ventilation?

It is never worth ignoring the roof ventilation device, because otherwise undesirable processes will occur, leading to the destruction of building structures. Let's imagine that heat comes from the house under the roof. On the other, outer side of the roof, it is cold. Then condensation will accumulate under the roof. It can be removed by constant ventilation. Even in those houses where communications are not provided for, completely flat rooms were made above the last floor. Their function was to ventilate the roof almost constantly. In a multi-storey building under such a roof, it was no longer as warm as directly in heated apartments, so condensate did not accumulate there so much, and it was easier to get rid of it by ventilation.

How can poor ventilation affect a soft roof? Also very negative. As a rule, these materials lie on a solid crate or on a concrete base. But excessive moisture coming from the inside can cause the roofing material to delaminate and exfoliate from the base. This will further lead to its depressurization, as a result of which the roof will begin to leak.

A roof covered with iron can rust over time, which will also weaken the protective properties of the roof, as in the first case. In addition, the shedding of hard roofing material from the roof is also a danger to all those who are below the house.

And if in urban buildings hardly anyone decides to build a roof with a violation of its ventilation, then with private buildings everything is somewhat different, and there roofing masters often have to eliminate the mistakes made by non-professional builders.

How to ventilate the roof in a private house

There are several ways of under-roofing space in private buildings. This:

dormer windows in the attic, which are widely used for non-mansard roofs;
ventilation of the gable roof ridge, which will also help for the attic;
eaves type of ventilation;
installation of roof fans;
the use of piece elements with ventilation holes;
arrangement of skates of a special design;
ventilation gaps provided initially during installation or during the reconstruction of the roof.

It is clear that not every roofing material can implement a specific ventilation method. After all, roofs are made of different materials and their division only into hard and soft can be considered very approximate. For example, clay tiles and metal tiles, for all their external similarity - various materials, and if the first is an exclusively piece material, moreover, it is very fragile for certain types of impact, then the second can be attributed to the sheet type. In this regard, the metal tile is even closer to corrugated board. And if this material is not brittle, then it is subject to corrosion in those places where its protective coating has been broken.

By itself, a metal tile is such a material that is stuffed onto a crate, moreover, not always continuous. Installing a counter-lattice under it is an ideal way out if you need a warm attic. The counter-lattice not only raises the crate to a certain height in order to withstand the height of the ventilation gap, but also in order to fix the membrane on the rafter system. This membrane is a vapor barrier film with a special kind of holes that prevent moisture from entering the truss system and, at the same time, release vapors from the attic room. Until these vapors become fog (from the point of view of physics, fog is a suspension of water droplets in the air, which we see as steam) and condensate, they are picked up by air and carried out from under the roof.

With this design of the roof, gaps appear at the cornices. Also, ridge vents are made on the same roofs to ensure constant traction, due to which effective ventilation occurs.

It is often possible to reclassify an attic into an attic if the room there is made all-weather. In this case, do not forget about the roof. But if it is so well laid that you don’t want to disassemble it, but at the same time it is not properly ventilated? There is a way out of the situation. As a rule, there is at least some gap in the crate, and our task is to make it ventilate. To make ventilation effective, you can put special pipes on the roof through which steam will be removed from the under-roof space. For this, it is better to use plastic pipes, as they are not afraid of weather influences. They need to be installed closer to the roof ridge, cutting holes in the metal tile for them. The number of pipes is calculated according to the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof - for 50–60 m 2, one at a time.

If the house is located in snowy areas, then you need to calculate the height of the pipes according to the maximum snow cap, and cover each pipe with a fungus so that precipitation does not get there.

Each pipe, when installed on the roof, must have a seal, because otherwise the metal tile may corrode at the cut site. The sealing element is made of silicone. You can also use specialized outlet elements for roofs under the pipe. They provide a hermetic connection of the pipe to the roof and help to install the pipe in a vertical position. These elements contain a sealing circle that needs silicone lubrication to function better.

You should also pay attention to the tools with which the metal tile will be cut. If you take scissors for metal, they will not ruffle the coating of the sheet, but, on the contrary, will press it at the cut point to the base, as they work in compression. Using a hacksaw is a little worse. But even more damage can be done with an electric circular saw.

Working with such tools and devices will allow not to rebuild the roof, but to make it ventilated. If it still seems to you that a lot of moisture is collecting in the attic, then you can increase the number of pipes on the roof in the next summer season.

No less often than metal tiles, bituminous tiles are used in the construction of the roof of private houses. It is easy to mount, it makes little noise, and besides, it has a beautiful appearance, which can compete with a metal tile. But the softness of the material leads to the fact that quite often a continuous crate is placed under the flexible tiles, trying to provide additional strength. But at the same time they lose in the ability to ventilate the under-roof space. Therefore, when arranging such a roof, the crate must be done with gaps, even if they are small. After all, often during the construction of the attic, instead of the usual uninsulated attic, the roofing material is changed to a lighter one so as not to create additional loads on the walls and foundation (do not forget about the “pie” of insulation, which is very heavy). Therefore, rigid tiles can be removed from the roof and replaced with flexible tiles.

When arranging the rafter system, it is necessary to maintain a distance from the roof to the insulation equal to at least 5 cm. At the top of the roof, aerators or ridge vents must be provided. Air intake into the ventilated space will be carried out from the lower edges of the slopes, and here a problem may arise: no matter how hard you try to keep this “air intake” free, birds can occupy it, blinding or building their nests there. You can protect yourself from this by installing a grid.

Since the rafter system is made in insulated attics with a double crate, it is possible to make two ventilation circuits in it at once. One will pass directly under the roof, between it and the crate. The second "channel" will be located between the insulation, covered with a membrane, and the upper membrane, laid on top of the counter-lattice. At the same time, the type of the lowest membrane covering the insulation is a wind protection, and the type of the upper membrane is a vapor barrier. Approximately the same membrane is located under the heat insulator inside the attic room.

Above, we have repeatedly touched on the topic of a ventilated skate, but did not go into the details of this design. The horse can do it in several ways. Note that due to its upper position, air enters it due to natural draft or due to convection. Since we need to remove warm air saturated with steam, then, according to the laws of physics, it will rise exactly to the ridge if it ends up in the gap between the roof and truss system covered with wind protection.

In particular, air can enter the space under the roof from the side of the eaves. But through what it will be displayed depends on the design of the ridge ventilation. It can be implemented:

on pipes;
in the form of a continuous aerator;
with the help of deflectors;
with tiles for ventilation.

The use of tiles for ventilation is advisable on those roofs that have a large slope angle. This is a guarantee that the grate in such a tile will not clog. Deflectors are also effective where snow does not accumulate on the roof. The principle of their work is that they contribute to the creation of vacuum and additional traction under the roof.

But for snowy regions and at small angles of roof slopes, other methods have been invented, in particular - solid ridge. It makes the design of the roof interesting, and it all depends on the imagination of the architect: such a house acquires either something ancient Japanese in its style, or is associated with old Russian towers. The idea is that over the ridge, as it were, another roof is made with very short slopes, literally one or two rows of tiles. This roof is called an aerator. It is raised above the main slopes, and air escapes from under it through the resulting gap. The upper slopes are needed so that precipitation does not linger on the aerator. The same membrane serves as protection from birds, dust and slanting rain. Sometimes so-called fleecy membranes are used, on which the pile collects the smallest droplets, preventing them from turning into a continuous layer of moisture.

If even such a gap can become clogged with snow, then special deflectors with pipes are used. Even if there is a snow cap on the roof, the ventilation under the roof will still not stop. Forced ventilation of the roof will also work perfectly with pipes. To do this, a low-noise fan can be built into each of them. A decision on forced ventilation can be made when a complete exchange of air under the roof is not ensured for half an hour. Fans will save you the hassle of installing additional pipes.

There are also deflectors of this design, which ventilate the attic room itself, removing steam from it immediately above the roof. These devices very well save the room itself, and especially in winter, when you will not often ventilate it. The attic undergoes the greatest load from warm air, because it is the highest room in the house. And if we protect its insulation with a vapor barrier membrane, which is “”, then we doom the attic itself to saturation with water condensate, which is not able to overcome this membrane.

The deflector with access from the attic to the roof has a small cross section, compared, say, with an open window or even a window, so it can only be compared with a hood. Such a device will not allow vapors to remain in the attic and at the same time - to penetrate into the insulation and under the roof.

It should also be clarified what a multilayer "pie" of the attic is. So, it consists of several layers, which from the side of the roof will go like this:

roofing material;
crate;
counterlattice;
wind protection;
rafter system and insulation (can be laid between the rafters);
vapor barrier;
rough finish (drywall or plywood);
clean finish.

How to ventilate a shed roof

If the roof of the house is made with one slope, then it is very simple. One has only to make the correct gap between the roof and the truss system, as the thrust in the gap will arise by itself due to the height difference. If the gap is small for complete air exchange, then additional ventilation pipes can be made, as was done on a gable roof.

How to ventilate a hip and hip roof

With this architecture, the roofs do not have gables. But this is not an obstacle to the organization of ventilation. It is built on the same principle as gable roofs, but at the same time, one should not forget that it is necessary to make inlet gaps for air around the entire perimeter of the roof. No matter how many slopes there are on a hipped roof, each of them must be ventilated.

A big "temptation" to forget about the ventilation of the under-roof space is given by a half-hipped roof, because its inclined end elements are relatively small in size. Ventilation here can be built in the same way as on the main roof slopes.

It is somewhat more difficult to think over the ventilation of the end slopes of the Dutch roof, since a window is located directly above them. This is an obstacle to the use of pipes, but grates or an aerator can be placed there.

In all these cases, if a wooden filing of the roof is performed, it should not be continuous, since air must enter the under-roof space through its gaps.

But, in addition to the above installation rules, it is also important to make an accurate calculation so that normal traction is created under the roof. Otherwise, all this will not work.

During the construction of private houses, much attention is paid to protecting the roof from external factors. The roof is constantly exposed to precipitation, gusts of wind, as well as heating from the sun's rays. Condensation is also dangerous. Properly equipped roof ventilation solves all these problems, and it doesn’t matter if an attic or an ordinary attic is located under it.

The roof needs proper ventilation

Moisture that accumulates under the roof of a private house adversely affects the condition wooden beams and overlays. Their damage worsens not only the strength, but also the thermal insulation properties of flat and pitched roofs.

The importance of good roof ventilation

Roof ventilation performs several tasks. All of them allow you to extend the life of the roofing itself and ensure the reliability of the wooden elements placed under it. The owners of their own houses know that in order to ensure the most comfortable microclimatic conditions in a residential area, the roof should be insulated. But, sometimes people forget that the effectiveness of the insulation decreases when it is exposed to moisture. For this reason, ventilation should be installed. Its absence also adversely affects other building materials.

Often, ventilation of the roof in a private house allows you to save the wooden base for the roof from rotting. In addition, the very condition of the roof surfaces suffers. Roofing material is susceptible to deformation and corrosion. The result of this is the formation of cracks, gaps and holes. Any violation of the solidity of the roof leads to the fact that it begins to leak. The subsequent influence destroys the building materials placed under it and makes the roof unstable to high and low temperatures. And the lack of thermal insulation or its violation affects the microclimate of the residential part of the room. Such problems are especially noticeable in winter and summer.

Roofing is one of the most difficult and important stages in the construction of a residential building. Roofing materials must be selected according to all the necessary requirements not only for their installation, but also to ensure reliability and long service life. Equally important is the choice of insulation, which minimizes the formation of condensate on surfaces under the roof.

What materials are used for roof insulation?

For the arrangement of a warm roof, it is important that the insulating material meets all the norms and standards that are acceptable specifically for roofing. Most often, for these purposes are used:

mineral wool in mats or rolls;
polyurethane foam boards;
polystyrene boards.

For roofs, any materials are suitable, in the instructions of which there is a mark on the properties of thermal conductivity. It is most often expressed in terms of W / (m-K). For insulated roofs, it is important that thermal insulation material fit in accordance with all norms and standards of construction work. This will ensure the quality of insulation from the influence of weather factors.

Builders recommend giving preference to roofing insulation with a thermal conductivity index of 0.35 or 0.40 W / (m-K). In addition, the thickness of the insulated layer can be different. The choice of the required size is determined by the use of certain types of roofs, as well as its design. wooden frame.

Options for thermal insulation work

There are 3 options for supplying the roof with insulating material, which provide high-quality thermal insulation protection of the room:

insulation between the rafters;
laying insulation under the rafters;
applying insulation to the rafters.

Each option has its own characteristics, as well as advantages and disadvantages. For a roof without an attic along it, you can use the easiest way - between the rafters. It has its own features:

the roof must be tightly insulated, without gaps and gaps;
over the entire area to be insulated, the distance between the insulation and the roof is at least 2 cm;
a vapor-tight film is laid on the inside of the insulation.

When choosing heaters, you can also stop at the choice of material, one side of which already has a vapor barrier layer. The use of such material allows you to abandon the roof gap (between the roof and insulation).

No less important is whether the old roof is being repaired or a new one is being built. Before insulation, you should check the quality of all wooden beams and ceilings - the skeleton for the roof. Rotten and damaged elements must be replaced and covered with special coatings that protect against moisture.

Roof ventilation

Advantages of ventilation on insulated roofs

The correct ventilation scheme under the roof of the house allows you to:

ensure ventilation of the under-roof space;
create optimal microclimatic conditions in the attic;
maintain the quality of thermal insulation;
prevent mold growth on building materials.

Among the shortcomings, the most serious is the complexity of performing a complex of all works. After all, it is important not only to carry out the installation of the ventilation itself on the roof, but also to take care of the installation of thermal insulation.

In addition, if an attic is planned under the roof, the quality of work is most important. For warm home it is important that it is dry and comfortable at all times.

Making ventilation is not so easy. A large number of factors should be taken into account, such as: the shape of the roof, its level, the presence of chimneys, and the type of roofing materials used. It is very difficult to give preference to one or another ventilation scheme. Therefore, its design is carried out before the start of the construction itself.

Ventilation is laid at the stage of roof construction

Possible ventilation elements

Roof ventilation elements are selected depending on the type and shape of the roof, as well as the materials used in this. Under roofing, the necessary air exchange is achieved in several ways. High-quality ventilation is provided by:

ridge device between two slopes;
cornices;
exhaust fans;
special ventilation windows;
gaps conceived when designing the roof;
dormer windows.

The installation of one or another element, as well as its operation, depend on the features of the building, location on the roof ventilation pipes and other items and equipment. On roofs, one, two or more ventilation circuits can be used for high-quality ventilation.

Roofing materials that are used for all stages of construction must be pre-calculated according to the available drawings. The lack of any material or their savings can adversely affect the thermal conductivity and moisture resistance of the structure.

Dormer windows - an element that facilitates ventilation

soft top ventilation

Ventilation of a soft roof requires some implementation of some rules for the installation of the roofing itself. Natural air movement is possible only with a set gap between building materials- tiles. Roof ventilation also requires:

Installation of a ventilation air gap between the roof and the insulation at least 50 mm. A wooden beam is inserted into it.
Leave gaps at the bottom of the slopes on the roof. They should be covered with nets or decorative lattices.
Installation of special aerators or ridge products to remove moist air and unpleasant odors.

For a soft roof, ventilation schemes with one or two circuits can be used.

The need to use one or another method is determined by specialists. Builders consider the double-circuit model of the ventilation type to be the most effective for a soft roof roof.

We must not forget that the ventilation of soft material can be both natural and forced. Therefore, for soft roofs, special devices are often installed - aerators. In its cavity, a decrease in atmospheric pressure is provided. This leads to the fact that no matter how warm the weather is outside, the thrust will always be strong.

If the roof is made of corrugated board

Roof ventilation from corrugated board should be as efficient as possible. After all, this material is most susceptible to the harmful effects of condensate. Therefore, builders often make it multi-layered. For roofs that will not be used by residents, only one waterproofing gasket under the corrugated board is enough. But, if the roof needs to be created for the attic, more layers should be organized. The house will be warm and dry if a layer of:

vapor barrier;
waterproofing;
air gap, adjustable bar.

Covering the roof should be in accordance with the same rules and regulations that are used for roofs with flexible tiles. For it, ventilation gaps between the bottom of the slopes, aerators and cornices can also be used.

Aerators are the most efficient devices that can be used to remove air. But, you should know that for their installation you will need to make through holes in the roof. We must not forget about waterproofing. When installing the exhaust element itself, the gap formed between it and the roof should be smeared with sealant.

A corrugated roof requires a special layer

Hip design ventilation

Hip roof ventilation differs little from other roof options. Hip plates are installed at several levels, forming a stepped slope. The ventilation effect itself is achieved by installing a special cornice in the space under the roof, as well as an aerator or other types of hood.

The hip roof should be hemmed with wood. But, this should be done so that there are gaps between the boards.

Sheathing of cornices can also be carried out with the help of spotlights. Such materials already have special slots for air movement. In addition, such a ventilation system can be supplemented with supply-type grilles.

The hip roof is ventilated with a special cornice

Flat roof ventilation

Flat roof ventilation also has its own characteristics. Moreover, they are also suitable for apartment building. For its implementation, it is necessary to create a "pie" from the following materials:

roof base (flat metal sheets having a seam connection, etc.);
vapor barrier;
mineral wool;
concrete screed;
polyurethane mastic;
building materials for interior decoration premises.

For ventilation flat roof deflectors are used, which are installed in the heat-insulating layer. This method of attic air exchange allows you to maximize the protection of residential or non-residential space from moisture. In addition, for a flat roof, bulk or sprayed materials can be used. They allow you to provide the best insulation from external factors.

If a folded surface is used, the design of the cake may be different. Most often, only the roof itself is used, as well as a heat-insulating and moisture-proof layer.

To protect the ventilation openings of a seam roof from insects, as well as birds and rodents, it may be necessary mosquito net. Builders recommend in such houses to do only forced ventilation. The natural type is only suitable for seam roofs with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 12 square meters.

Shed roof ventilation

About how to properly ventilate a single-pitched roof, homeowners who want to make an attic out of an attic are often interested in living room or attic. It is inconvenient and wrong to use special skates and aerators on such structures. Therefore, shed roofs are created with a gap between the insulation - the air circuit. A gap at the bottom of the slope is used as an air inflow. It is covered with bars or spotlights.

But, you should know that ventilation will be effective only if the shed roof is located at an angle of at least 5 degrees.

There is also an upper slope limit. For shed roofs, according to the norms of SNIP, it is allowed to “fill up” the roof by no more than 20 degrees. According to the builders, this version of the roof is one of the simplest and cheapest. In order to build a shed structure with good ventilation, it is enough to make an air circuit in insulation. If it is not enough, ventilation pipes can be installed.

When building a house, it is imperative to consider high-quality roof ventilation. This is one of the main tasks of designing and building a durable home. Without a good ventilation system, the entire roof structure will deteriorate very quickly. First of all, all wooden elements will suffer from moisture, which will already reduce the degree of safety and comfort of the building. Then the roofing material will begin to collapse. We will examine in more detail the issues of bringing ventilation to the roof of the house and the natural ventilation of the roof.

Source megapolis-sc.ru

Where does moisture come from in the roofing "pie"

The roof of a residential building is a complex system consisting of a wooden frame, roofing, as well as layers of waterproofing, vapor barrier, and thermal insulation. In general, a well-built roof is a sealed package. But moisture still gets on the wooden elements and insulation. The fact is that air containing water vapor penetrates into the roofing pie. With a temperature difference, steam in the form of condensate settles on the surfaces of the inner layers.

Even through the most reliable vapor barrier made of steam and waterproofing, a little air still penetrates into the “pie”. In addition, air can enter through "breathable" wall materials such as porous blocks, wood or cellular concrete. Therefore, condensation cannot be avoided. This phenomenon is especially pronounced during precipitation or during fogs, when the concentration of moisture in the air rises noticeably.

Source pinterest.com

Purpose of roof ventilation

The ventilation system of the roofing system simultaneously performs several important functions, which increase the comfort of living in the house and extend the operational life of the roof.

The main function of ventilation is removal of vapors from the under-roof space that rise from living quarters. During ventilation, the circulating air prevents moisture from accumulating on the inner surface of the roofing pie, from where it can penetrate into the roof.

The movement of air masses in the roof provides not only weathering excess moisture, but also uniform temperature distribution. As a result, all elements of the "pie" warm up quite well during the heating season. Therefore, a roof with good ventilation is less overgrown with icicles, which create an additional load on the coating.

In summer, ventilation is necessary for roof cooling. This is especially important for houses with soft roofing, which is very hot and can melt and slide even with a high slope of slopes.

Source gkds.ru

Natural and forced ventilation

For their long and trouble-free operation, both types of ventilation systems require careful calculations, which will show which one is better to use in terms of efficiency and economy. Specialists in the calculations must take into account the features of these systems.

natural ventilation

It is carried out due to the convective flow, which occurs due to the interaction of warm and cold air masses. For such ventilation to work, it is necessary to assemble a roofing cake with a gap (at least 5 cm) between the lower waterproofing layer and the roofing layer.

Effective natural ventilation of the roof is possible with proper design and competent work of builders. It is not easy to create conditions for her. It is necessary to carefully calculate the system of battens and counter battens, and ensure the continuity of the ventilated circuit. But most importantly - it is necessary to provide ventilation vents. There should be at least two of them in the ridge zone and the same number in the cornice zone.

The air in the under-roof space heats up, and naturally rises up, where it is forced out through the ridge vents. Fresh air enters through the cornice openings. Thanks to this process, condensate does not settle on the roof surface.

Source oventilyacii.ru

If the slope of the slopes is small, in winter period ridge vents can be clogged with snow. To prevent this, you need to install special pipes along the ridge that will rise above the snow level.

Forced ventilation

Since additional equipment is required for the organization of artificial ventilation, from a technical point of view this is a more complicated option. There are rare exceptions when designing forced ventilation is easier than calculating natural ventilation, but these are still exceptions that prove the rule.

It became widespread as a result of the fact that, firstly, low and completely flat roofs came into fashion, in which it is simply impossible to create natural ventilation. Secondly, new building technologies have appeared that allow automating and improving the maintenance of cottages.

Forced systems are installed not only in houses with flat roof, but also in houses that, for one reason or another, cannot be provided with roofing vents. IN Lately Increasingly, solid cottages with standard roofs are equipped with forced ventilation, as it is more reliable than natural.

Source nashicherdaki.ru

Forced ventilation can be carried out by installing a fan in the ridge outlet. To do this, you need to stretch a wire into the upper part of the roof. The second option is the installation of special devices that increase the intensity of air movement.

On our site you can find the most popular construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".

Ways to arrange ventilation

Provide roof ventilation different ways. The choice of arrangement depends on architectural solution designer.

Aerators

Installing roof aerators is the most common option. The aerator is a part of a small piece of pipe with a flat base for installation on the surface and an umbrella that covers the upper opening of the pipe from precipitation. A protective filter is placed inside.

Source mtlarena.ru

Aerators can be installed according to various schemes. The location of these devices depends on the type of roof and the degree of humidity in the region. Usually aerators are located near the ridge. You can install them point by point. Experts believe that the most effective is the installation of a continuous gutter of aerators, stretched along the entire edge of the roof. It is advisable to install ventilation of this type simultaneously with the arrangement of the ventilation system of the entire building.

The advantage of aerators is that they do not interfere with the design of the house. In addition, when using them, the roofing should not be airtight, that is, it can be laid without the use of special tape and mounting foam.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Ventilated cornice

The use of a ventilated eaves provides air access to the under-roof space. As a result, the roof is well ventilated, besides, the whole roof works better. ventilation scheme building. The eaves for ventilation of the roof can be equipped in different ways:

usage spotlights for filing a roof;

installation ventilation grilles;

installation over cornice overhangs of special elements with products.

Source aihara-company.com

Insulating materials are not laid at the installation sites of the cornice ventilation channels. Elements are used to protect them from precipitation. drainage system and snow guards.

dormer window

Ventilation with dormer window, this is also a fairly common option. Ventilation of the roof of the house in this way, among other things, improves the aesthetics of the facades. The shape of the windows can be different, and it is important at the design stage to think over such a type of windows that will correspond to the general style of the building.

Dormer windows are roof elements that are quite expensive to build. But they have their own undeniable advantages - high efficiency as a ventilation system and aesthetic appearance.

Source lestnitsygid.ru

Roof ventilation from metal tiles and corrugated board

These are the most common roofing materials in our country. They are very convenient in technology of application and price. They are made using the same technology and differ primarily in shape. The corrugated board looks less impressive, but at the same time it has stiffeners along the entire length.

In the process of arranging a metal-tiled or corrugated roof, difficulties arise with ventilation. The fact is that these materials are absolutely vapor-tight and thermally conductive. They heat up and cool down quickly, resulting in inside a lot of condensate collects. But even these materials make it possible to create high-quality roof ventilation - roof ventilation, which prolongs the life of the entire building.

Source ogolosha.ua

Manufacturers of metal tiles and corrugated board produce special additional elements with which ventilation passages are equipped. The main thing is to entrust the arrangement of the roof to specialists who will think over a good ventilation system. Since these materials do not retain heat very well, additional layers of hydro and thermal insulation are provided when they are used. In addition, these roofing materials themselves must be protected from moisture with special care. In connection with these features, roofs made of metal tiles and corrugated board are often equipped with forced ventilation.

Soft roof ventilation

Soft roof under the influence high temperatures may bulge and melt. Therefore, it is so important for her to have ventilation, which will not only remove moisture from the roofing cake, but also cool the roof during the summer heat. Usually roof ventilation, the roof of which is made of shingles, equipped with aerators (valves).

Video description

Roof ventilation with valves (aerators)

Mansard roof ventilation

The ventilation system of the mansard roof performs an additional function - regulation temperature regime in the upper levels of the house. It is designed more carefully than roof ventilation over the attic. On the other hand, it is easier to protect the attic roofing pie from moisture, since attic rooms, unlike attic rooms, are heated and well ventilated.

In most cases, forced ventilation of the roof is not required to remove condensate from the attic roofing pie. But between the waterproofing and heat-insulating layer, a space is necessarily provided for the unhindered passage of air.

Video description

How to make ventilation in the attic roof

If the attic is rebuilt into an attic

A simple attic in order to expand the living space can be converted into an attic. In this case, the roof is usually rebuilt. Insulating and roofing materials are replaced with better ones. More efficient ventilation of the roofing pie is being arranged. However, if the roof is initially very well laid, you can improve it a little without disassembling it.

In any roof there is at least a very small gap in the crate. It needs to be turned into a ventilation duct. This is achieved by installing special pipes in the plane of the roof, through which steam will be vented. Closer to the roof ridge, holes are made with the calculation of 1 pipe per 50 sq. meters of roof. Each such element must be protected from precipitation. As a result of installing a pipe ventilation system, ventilation on the roof will become more intensive.

Video description

How to turn an attic roof without a ventilation gap into a mansard

Stages of work

The process of arranging the ventilation system of any roof consists of several main stages. The first step is to provide for the presence of ventilation elements in the scheme of the roofing system. After that, during the construction of the roof, roofing ventilation ducts and holes. In the case of forced ventilation, special ventilation equipment is installed. At the last stage, the ventilation holes are protected from rain and dirt.

Conclusion

The roof of a private house must be well ventilated, otherwise the elements of the roofing cake will be adversely affected by condensation. They will quickly lose their original specifications, and there will be a need for a replacement. In addition, without high-quality ventilation of the roof, the premises of the house will be damp, and more energy will be required for heating. Therefore, it is very important to correctly design and properly build a roof with an effective ventilation system, taking into account the type of roof construction, the type of roofing material, the climatic conditions of the region and other important factors.