Gable roof rafter system do-it-yourself installation. The device of the truss system of a gable roof

The gable roof is very popular, as its construction is considered a relatively simple and quick step in building a house. Different types of gable roofs allow you to choose suitable option for a specific building. It will not be difficult to install such a roof structure, even if you have little experience in construction, but, of course, you cannot do it alone. All work is carried out in stages, taking into account the features of such a roof.

Peculiarities

When erecting a gable roof, a truss system and the main details of the roof structure are installed. This includes the frame (in the form of rafters with struts), Mauerlat. They are made from high-quality wood - these are bars 150x150 mm and boards with a section of 50x150 mm. Gable roofs of a symmetrical type with straight slopes (gable roof) are considered traditional. The angle of inclination of the slopes of such a roof reaches 45 degrees, which makes it possible to avoid loads on the structure (for example, during snowfalls and wind).

Other types of gable roofs, for example, with broken slopes, allow you to equip the attic under the roof. In this case, the slopes on top of the roof are more gentle slopes, and below - with a sharp slope. broken line gable roof should be built on a more complex and durable structure. During the construction of an asymmetric roof, the roof ridge is performed with an offset from the center. This is done taking into account design features building.

Kinds

The frame structure of a gable roof can be:

layered;
hanging.

It is characteristic that in most buildings a rafter system of a layered type is used, inside which there is bearing walls. The frame thus serves as an intermediate support. With a roof width of not more than 10 m, one support is usually used. A roof with a width of more than 10 m has several proportionally spaced supports. Frame in the form truss system hanging type is possible in the case when the building can do with one support, without having internal load-bearing walls. Such a roof is built from two belts - the upper one (two rafters), the lower one (rigidly connected puffs). The rafters rest on the Mauerlat, and the ends of the rafters go to the outer walls.

A gable broken roof can be reinforced in the form of support frames that prevent the sloping roof from sagging. So you can get a more durable design. The hanging sloping roof has additional supporting frames, to which the attic walls are installed. The base frame, which is located under bearing wall inside, takes on part of the load, which makes it possible to slightly lighten the roof structure.

Device

The design of a gable roof is characterized by the presence of inclined surfaces on both sides. The area of the base of the roof has a rectangular surface. The slopes do not allow snow and melt water to accumulate on the roof. The roof is naturally cleared. The roof consists of structural units: mauerlat, rafter system, ridge and filly, roof overhangs, struts, puffs, battens and racks. It is worth understanding what is characteristic of all the structural elements of a gable roof.

Mauerlat is necessary for the correct distribution of the load on the load-bearing walls from the rafters. For this purpose, durable wood is usually chosen - timber (it can be oak, larch, pine). The choice of timber according to the section is determined by the type of wood (solid or glued). For example, 100 by 100 mm or 150 by 150 mm. It is worth noting that when choosing a metal truss system, the Mauerlat must also be made of metal.

The main element of the gable roof system is the rafter leg. These elements are made of durable timber and logs. When connecting the rafter leg, a truss is formed from above with different type intermediate support. An important role here is played by the parameters of the rafters and structural nodes.

Tightening is necessary to connect the rafter system (rafter leg) and to give strength and the necessary rigidity to the structure.

There are two types of purlins: a ridge purlin, in which installation is carried out at the junction of the rafters (the ridge of the roof is then installed at this place), and a lateral purlin, which provides the roofing elements (truss) with additional rigidity (the size and number of such purlins will depend on the load on the structure ).

Rafter racks in the form of a vertical bar also take on a significant part of the load from the roof. The gable roof rafter post is usually located in the center. If the span is larger than usual, then also on the sides. When erecting an asymmetrical roof, the racks are placed depending on the length of the rafters. For a broken roof, the installation of racks is carried out on the sides, while leaving free space. If two rooms are planned under the roof, then the rafters are placed in the center and on the sides.

Struts are supports for racks. When mowing at an angle of more than 45 degrees, the roof is better protected from deformation (snow, wind). Depending on the climatic zone, both longitudinal and diagonal struts can be installed with a rafter pair on the same plane.

The bed serves as a reliable support for the racks. This is the strut attachment point.

The crate is necessary for fixing materials and structural elements roofs. The crate is installed perpendicular to rafter legs. One of the important purposes of the crate is to redistribute the load from the roof to the truss system.

Requirements for building materials

The choice of materials for the truss system is an important step in preparing for the arrangement of the roof structure. When calculating the material for a gable roof, one must proceed from the fact that it must be high-quality wood, the material does not have knots, damage and wormholes, it is well processed and impregnated with special compounds (for safety and reliability during operation). For the reliability of the structure, there must be a stable connection of the elements of the entire truss system. The roof should be a solid construction of modern quality materials.

Wood species such as larch, cedar, spruce or pine are easily processed, so they are most often used in the rafter system. The rafters are made from a beam with a width of 10 to 15 cm and a thickness of 5 cm. In this case, an aged beam is usually used, which will not change shape after the roof is arranged. This is necessary to increase the stability of the structure. In addition to timber, boards are taken for rafters, especially when it comes to raising the roof of a private house.

In multi-storey construction, metal rafters are used. The disadvantage of a metal truss system for private housing construction is that such a design is not able to retain heat. Wood has more advantages in this regard - the material is distinguished by a high degree of thermal insulation and energy saving. Wood is divided into grades. First-class material goes into the creation of hanging rafters and puffs. Racks and struts are made from the material of both the first and second grades.

Projects and drawings

In the process of planning a gable roof, a drawing is prepared. This is a diagram of the future design, where there are slopes, a pediment, a ridge. In fact, the plan is a drawing with detailed elements in different projections, showing how to tie the rafters. Drawing up a drawing of a gable roof is carried out taking into account all stages of work.

The scheme of its construction includes:

bars for crates;
beams and rafters;
scheme of laying heat and waterproofing;
roofing layout;
scheme for installing additional fasteners;
installation drawing of the ventilation system, chimney.

A well-designed roofing plan will reduce the expense item for the purchase of building materials. To create a project of any type, one or another type of material is used, based on calculations and taking into account the reliability of the coating. The size of the roofing is also taken into account. When drawing, a part of the truss system is necessarily prescribed, which allows you to understand how maximum the load on the roof can be.

The plan also includes:

stormwater plan (storm sewer of a certain length);
elements of the connection of slopes;
construction area;
diagram of the junction of the roof (pressure profile).

The type of roof should be clearly shown in the design scheme. Detailed details on the diagram will allow you to complete the work faster and better.

Charting

Depending on the features of the roof (single or gable, shape, etc.), project documentation is drawn up.

This work takes place in several stages:

a sketch of the future roof is drawn up (at this stage, the drawing should have a finished view of the roof with a study of the style design of the building);
the main roofing elements are being worked out (the degree of load and the amount of materials are displayed on the drawing);
the diagram shows the construction of the roof.

It is worth considering that the differences in pitched structures are associated with the type of rafters.(hanging or layered), with uneven angles of inclination, with the dimensions of the overhang of the eaves. It is also worth considering design errors. One of the most common of them is an error with the calculation of the consumption of materials for the entire complex. The process of drawing up drawing schemes is best entrusted to specialists. The roof structure is being built in accordance with accepted building codes. In addition, it is important to minimize possible errors and defects. So, if the choice of the type of roof and the method of installation are chosen incorrectly, this will cause the collapse of the roof structure. With an incorrectly drawn slope and its construction, there is a risk of increasing the load on the roof. Although mistakes are made in the design of ventilation elements. The drawing itself should not be complicated, but the rules for installing all roofing elements should be followed, respectively, they should be prescribed. A professionally executed roof plan increases the safety of the structure.

Payment

The importance of calculating the gable roof truss system cannot be underestimated. During the design process, it is necessary to calculate the usable area and, based on the data obtained, decide how high the vertical racks will be. In this case, several factors matter.

When erecting a roof structure, it is important to calculate the maximum load on the roof of the house, on all rafters and ceiling beams. It may be necessary to strengthen the rafters, then adjustments are made to the project. For example, it may be necessary to use additional pads or a beam with a larger section than planned. The weight of the entire truss system is also important. In this case, the calculation is carried out taking into account not only the cross-section of lumber, but also the density and moisture content of the wood, and the step distance between the rafters is determined.

To date, there is a special classification of loads on the roofing system:

The main load concerns the weight roof structure, load temperature, snow and other weather factors.
An additional load concerns the calculations of the influence of wind and ice.
Force majeure loads are associated with man-made circumstances (modern roofing must withstand everything).

The limit calculations of the truss system, taking into account all loads, are built according to two criteria (limits or states): the limit at which the destruction of the structure is possible, and the limit at which the probability of deformation and deflection is taken into account.

bias

It is important to correctly calculate the angle of inclination of the slopes. With a standard house width of 6-8 m, the angle of the slopes is 45 degrees, but this is not enough for the space in the attic. With a tilt angle of 60 degrees, the design will cost more, but the entire roof will be more successful. At 45 degrees of inclination, you can choose any roofing materials. If the gable roof is initially planned asymmetrical, then in the attic space you can safely equip a residential attic, but for this you need to calculate the usable area. A standard gable roof is usually chosen. In this case, it is important to take into account the loads on the roof due to wind and snow. With an increase in the angle of inclination of the slopes, the consumption of materials will also increase. But also performance characteristics such a roof will compare favorably. If you plan to build a gable roof with unequal slope angles, then all work can be done in original design. However, when designing, it is better to build on the classical design in the form of a symmetrical roof with an isosceles triangle at the base.

Step

The pitch of the rafters used to create the roof is one of the fundamental ones in the construction of the structure. There is a dependence of the step of the truss system on roofing material. As the latter, corrugated board, slate, soft roof or metal tiles.

Roof slate is used everywhere. This roofing material is characterized by relative strength, low cost and resistance to temperature extremes. However, the material has a certain weight, respectively, it is necessary to provide the roof with a powerful truss system. It is worth considering that for slate roof there must be at least three points of support (in the center and along the edges).

In recent years, metal tiles have become quite widespread among roofing materials. The material is easy to install and has an attractive appearance. Metal sheets for roofing are convenient to use, as they are light in weight. In this regard, the distance between the rafters can be large (for example, 600-950 mm with a sectional beam 150x50 mm).

The corrugated board covering can be made of galvanized steel sheet with a special protective coating (against external weather influences). Modern corrugated board differs in color, corrugation width. Externally, such a coating differs in design. The step between the rafters under the corrugated board will depend on the type of profile, on the angles of inclination and the configuration of the roof. For the rafter system, in this case, a bar with a section of 50-75 mm is used. It can be a board 20-50 mm wide.

Instruments

When installing the truss system, a set of tools is required. For this purpose, traditional tools are usually dispensed with - an electric saw (it can be a hacksaw), a hammer and screwdrivers. Sheathing of the roof with metal sheets is carried out with special scissors for metal. It is impossible to cut polymer-coated material with a simple grinder, so as not to damage the top layer with sheet protection. Otherwise, the skin will quickly rust. To cover the roof with roofing material, you need a barrel in which bitumen will melt.

Undoubtedly, when performing installation and any construction work, you cannot do without a reliable ladder. You should also think about your own equipment. For example, during work, shoes with non-slip soles are needed.

Mounting

Do-it-yourself installation of a gable roof truss system is better with assistants, and many structural elements cannot be installed alone. Installation of the truss system is carried out in several stages.

Let's consider them step by step:

First you need to make a template. Rafter trusses are assembled according to a template. So, you need to take two boards of the same length as the rafter leg. They are attached to each other from the edges with one nail. The result is a "scissors" design.
This structure must be placed with other edges in those places where there are supports on the rafter legs. The angle obtained in this way (according to the slope of the roof slope) is fixed on several nails. Fastening the corners must be done on an additional crossbar between the boards.

Next up is another template. With it, you can further assemble the structure. Installation of cuts on the rafters is in progress. The template itself is easier to make from plywood.
The saw cuts are cut into the rafters using a template. The elements are connected at an angle of inclination of the slope. The finished triangle is the truss truss. It is lifted to the roof and attached to the Mauerlat (this will require logs, stairs).
The fastening of the rafter system to the Mauerlat is done with the help of nails, staples, corners. And the wooden "shorty pieces" help to secure the structure from displacement along the axis, they need to be placed over the entire area.
At the initial stage, two gable trusses are installed along the edges. Installation and proper fixation horizontally and vertically is carried out using temporary struts to which the structure is attached.

For reliability and convenience, a cord is pulled along the edges (between the tops of the trusses). You need to fasten it in such a way as to designate a place for the future skate. You will also need a cord when installing intermediate rafters.
At the next stage, the remaining roof trusses are lifted and installed (at a certain distance (usually 0.6 m) from each other).
In the presence of bulky structures, if there is a need to strengthen the structure, they are strengthened with crossbars, struts and supports.
The run (ridge beam) is placed on special supports. Rafters of various types (short, intermediate or diagonal) are then attached to it.

The basis of the frame is the Mauerlat. Its manufacture and assembly forms the basis of the roof structure.

Mauerlat fasteners

The frame structure of the rafters is fixed to the floor beams. However, in this case, the load on the truss structure is distributed at the points where the beams are attached. This approach when installing a roof structure is possible for small and light buildings. Mauerlat is needed to evenly distribute the load of the roof in the upper part of the walls. Mauerlat is mounted parallel to the ridge of the future roof. This is how the main frame is formed. It takes to make a Mauerlat wooden beam section 150x150, 100x100 or 100x150 mm.

It is not for nothing that we so often use the expression “roof over our heads”, because without detracting from the importance of strong walls, it is difficult to imagine a house without this element. What if not a strong roof will become a shield between you and bad weather, protect from rain and wind. Only after the erection they talk about the full completion of construction and the transition to interior decoration Houses. A well-executed roof installation determines the comfort of the future home.

A do-it-yourself gable roof is a popular design in private construction, which is used in the construction of houses from such materials: timber, logs, bricks, blocks, even concrete. You can easily recognize a gable roof among other design solutions due to the appearance of the house, reminiscent of a triangle.

The choice of this type of roofing is explained by the availability of the materials used and the relative simplicity of installation, which even a novice homebuilder can do.

Device

A gable roof, regardless of whether it is simple or mansard, consists of several structural elements, shown in a schematic drawing:

The layout of the elements of the roof truss system

Types of truss systems

There are several ways to make a gable roof for a private house. Their differences can be explained by the use different types truss systems, of which there are only two:

Both of these systems are equally reliable, the attic roof involves their joint use when they combine hanging and layered rafters. Before work, professional roofing craftsmen create a gable roof drawing - a plan that reflects the location of all roof elements, according to which the necessary materials are calculated.

Roof calculation

Like any construction process, the construction of the roof of the house must be created by hand on the basis of engineering calculations. For the convenience of its implementation, before building a gable roof, you need to sketch out an approximate plan, on which the length of the roof along the ridge, the exact length of the slopes, taking into account the plumb lines, must be indicated. At this stage, the slope of the future roof should already be determined:

If the main aggressive factor in the construction area is the wind, then it should be 10-10 o so that its gusts do not tear off the roofing material.
If construction is started in an area with a large amount of winter precipitation, a slope of 35-45 ° is more appropriate, which does not impede snow sliding off the roof.

Making a calculation required material, it is better to round the obtained values up, without complicating the calculations with deductions for holes for chimneys or skylights, in order to avoid confusion.

The necessary calculations do not require knowledge of complex formulas, so anyone who has completed a school mathematics course can perform them. However, the more sophisticated, more complex the gable roof of the house, the higher the complexity of the calculations and the scheme of the truss system.

Mauerlat installation

If the calculation is completed and the materials are purchased, you can install the Mauerlat, and then create the crate. Mauerlat is a kind of foundation for a future roof. Only this design is not made of concrete, like the foundation for a house, but of pine timber.

Softwood is an ideal material for this, strong and light enough to distribute the weight of the roof evenly around the perimeter. supporting elements Houses. It is placed along the slopes of the roof, between the rafter leg and the top of the wall.

Fastening rafter legs to the Mauerlat

For greater safety of the Mauerlat and its long service life, a layer of waterproofing is laid between it and the wall, which is most often roofing material. Depending on the material from which the house is being built, the installation of the Mauerlat is carried out by various methods.

Do-it-yourself construction involves checking the reliability of the connection. If it's about wooden house, fasteners can be made using studs or bars, in brick - they use metal wire, reinforcement, in buildings made of foam blocks, gas silicate - concrete screed.

Sequence of work

If there was step-by-step instruction on how to build a gable roof, it would start with how. Hanging should be assembled in advance, using metal corners, bolts. The first to perform the installation of extreme structures, and only then located inside.

To create a layered system, you must first establish the bed on which the supports will be installed. The assembly can be considered complete after fixing all the rafter legs as shown in the drawing. If their length is not enough to create an overhang, it is increased by attaching fillies.

The next step is the installation of the crate . Since its purpose is purely practical, the simplest one is used, cheap material, for example, an unedged board or even a slab. However, do not neglect the removal of the bark from the surface of the tree, this simple operation will increase its service life. Depending on how it is planned to cover the roof of the house, there are two types of crates:

The final stage of work and subsequent operation

The construction ends with the laying of roofing material. It will be difficult to describe step by step the installation of each material, of which there are a lot on the construction market.

Design gable roof guarantees:

Excellent resistance to wind gusts;
Light snow removal from the slopes;
Protection from rain and cold;
Durability and reliability.

If the installation was carried out with high quality using modern materials then the roof will last more than a dozen years, without requiring repairs, without requiring complex maintenance. Therefore, you should not save on roofing work, since reliable roof is a long-term investment in your comfortable life!

Video instruction

The roof is one of the main elements of the house, along with walls and foundations. Without her correct device the house will not be strong enough and comfortable enough to live in. The result of a bad roof will be dampness, wet walls, all kinds of diseases and additional heating costs.

The preferred type of roof depends on the climate of the area, the prevailing weather conditions. The most common in our conditions are gable, fairly simple to build and maintain, and reduce the load from snow or other heavenly moisture. Aesthetics plays an important role in choosing them.

Types of gable roofs

The gable roof is quite simple design, consisting of two slopes connected to each other at an angle. They form something like a triangle. But with all the simplicity of this figure, triangles are different. The gable roofs also differ from each other.

The main difference between their designs is the angle of inclination. Depending on the type of building and other necessary conditions it may differ. In addition, the angles at which the slopes are installed may differ from each other. As a result, one of the types is erected:

Simple symmetrical;
Simple asymmetrical;
Broken (kink can be both internal and external).

Each of the types has its positive and negative sides, forcing builders to choose one or the other, depending on the circumstances.

Simple symmetrical roof

This type of construction is undoubtedly the most common. He is the most simple option for making your own. His appearance always looks good. In the end, it is also good because under such a roof there is a lot of useful attic space.

The name of the design shows what is its distinguishing feature: the slopes form an isosceles triangle. The symmetry of this figure allows it to look proportional on any home.

Simple asymmetrical roof

simple asymmetric roof

The main difference from the previous version is also directly reflected in the title. The ridge of this type of roof is displaced to the side and as a result, the triangle formed by it turns from isosceles to versatile. This design looks modern, so it is well suited for houses in a modern style.

The asymmetric roof has two important features:

Reducing the size of the attic space;
Unequal load distribution.

As a result, this type of construction is good for those who need extra space for rooms that can go right up to the roof. But it requires correct calculations.

broken roof

This type of construction is the most complex, so not everyone decides to do it with their own hands. Although, in fact, it is quite possible. It's just important to make the right calculations from the start. After all, the main feature is irregular shape, where the loads are distributed extremely unevenly.

The main advantage of a sloping roof, in addition to its diverse appearance, is that it gives the maximum free area under it. As a result, it is possible to equip a full-fledged residential second floor, an attic. Due to this feature, it is also called the attic.

Construction of the truss system

The truss system is the basis of the roof. There are two main constructive solutions for gable roof rafters:

Hanging.

The design of the gable roof truss system

The first of them is used when the house has internal supports, for example, load-bearing walls. In their absence, the hanging type is preferable.

But, no matter what type of truss system it is decided to build, anyone who wants to know how to build a roof with their own hands must understand the main structural elements. Namely:

rafter leg or simply rafters. Rafter legs are the basis of the design of the entire system. They are placed on top, along the building, and interconnected to form a farm. Since it is they who hold the roof covering on themselves, it is also important to use durable wood here. It is desirable that it be a log or timber. Installation is carried out on the basis of pre-made calculations, since it will be very difficult to change something later;
rafter rack. This structural element helps to distribute the load from the rafters. It is a vertical bar. Its location depends on the type of structure that the roof has and on its dimensions. If we are talking about a simple symmetrical roof with a small span, then the rack is installed in the center. If the width is large, then two are additionally placed on the sides. The asymmetric version assumes the location of this element depending on the length of the rafter, and the broken one - two on the sides. True, if there are more than one room, then in the latter case an additional rack in the center is needed;
Run. the main task runs to connect the rafters, at the same time giving them rigidity. Runs can be ridge or side. The first is located at the very top of the roof, in the region of its ridge. Make runs from timber. Sometimes boards are used. The most common is a section of 50 by 150 mm. If the run is made not only of a ridge, but of several beams or boards on the sides with a long roof, then they are supported by a stand coming from the ridge and resting on a bed. Side runs are connected to it by means of struts;
Strut. They are a structure of beams located at a certain angle and resting on a bed. Their main task is to serve as supports for the racks. Can be diagonal or longitudinal. The latter are used most often, they are on the same plane with the rafters. At the same time, the former are necessary if there is an increased snow or wind load in the area. With it, it is also desirable to choose a strut angle of 45 degrees;
Sill. Located at the very bottom of the structure. If possible, it is placed on an internal load-bearing wall. Its main purpose is to serve as a support for racks. Slopes are attached to it;
puff. This element connects the rafter legs, being perpendicular to them. In parallel, it provides greater structural rigidity;
Rigel. It also connects the rafter legs, but unlike the puff, not from below, but from above. Overlapped. They make a crossbar from a board of the same section as the rafters themselves;
crate. This element is installed at the final stage of mounting the truss structure, since it is the basis for the coating. It consists of beams and boards, with which the rafters are connected in parallel from top to bottom. Besides the fact that it serves to fasten the roof, the crate helps to redistribute the load from it. Therefore, the distance between the elements depends on the material that will be used for coating.

A general idea of the meaning of each structural element will greatly facilitate the task of building a gable roof with your own hands.

Calculations

Calculation of the load on various elements the roof is the most important stage, since the strength and safety of the structure depends on it. It must be remembered that it is the triangle that is its most rigid part.

Loads on rafters can be of three types:

Permanent. These are the loads that the rafters constantly feel. For example, the weight of finishing and roofing materials, battens, etc. In order to find out it is enough to add up all these weights. Usually the constant load is about 40 kg/sq.m.;
Variables. They operate in different time with different strength. These include, for example, wind. In order to calculate the wind load or the load from precipitation, you need to look into the SNiP;
Special. We are talking about loads associated with increased seismic activity.

When calculating the load exerted by snow, its weight is multiplied by a set correction factor that takes into account wind pressure. A coefficient of dependence on the angle of inclination of the roof is also introduced - the lower it is, the greater the load. At an angle exceeding 60 degrees, it is not taken into account.

Tilt angle

The correct calculation of the angle of inclination depends on some features. First, a lot depends on the material chosen. So, ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, slate require an angle of 20–45 degrees. A soft roof - up to 20 degrees.

Secondly, the angle of inclination depends on the climate in which the roof is being built. If there is little rainfall, then you can make it insignificant. And with a large number - on the contrary. But, it is worth remembering that large angles are subject to large wind loads.

Rafter length

Calculating the length of the rafters is not particularly difficult. It is based on the Pythagorean theorem. The length of the rafter is taken as the hypotenuse of the triangle. And the role of the legs is played by the height of the roof and half the width of the house. To the value obtained, it is worth adding a few tens of centimeters for washing down.

Step of rafter legs

Their choice depends on the weight of the structure used to cover the roof and the material used. Usually it varies between 60-100 cm.

Rafter section

Calculation of the correct required section of the rafters is one of the most important points, since this indicator strongly affects the reliability of the structure. This takes into account:

Loads;
Rafter length;
Rafter step;
material used;
The type of wood used in the construction of the house.

The higher the pitch of the rafter legs, the higher the cross section.
The video shows a detailed description of the calculation of the truss system.

Types of truss systems

There are two main types of rafter systems, from which they choose when erecting a gable roof. We are talking about hanging and layered and rafters. Each of the types is designed for different structures.

Hanging structure

Hanging truss system

Hanging are designed for small houses, whose width does not exceed 6–6.5 running meters. They are not suitable for houses with a wide roof. Also, they are not used where there is an average load-bearing wall.

Design features

A feature of the design of hanging rafters is that they rest on two extreme load-bearing walls. As a result, the system is under a strong influence of the bursting force. If necessary, it is reduced with the help of a crossbar fastened at the bottom.

Mauerlat mount

The design feature of the hanging rafters dictates how they are attached to the "foundation" of the entire system - the Mauerlat. The only mounting option is to use a node with a zero degree of freedom. Hinges, for example, cannot be used.

Layered system

Laminated rafter system

Laminated rafters are the only option when it comes to a large roof. But they need either the presence of an internal load-bearing wall, or specially installed intermediate supports. Parallel to the Mauerlat, a bed is laid, which takes on part of the load from the structure.

Differences between hanging and layered rafters

Hanging rafters do not require intermediate supports or an internal load-bearing wall, but their bursting force greatly affects the structure. At the same time, due to the fact that they also rest on a bed in the middle, layered rafters are lighter, including assembly. They are better suited for large roofs.

Do-it-yourself gable roof device

As already noted, the gable roof is especially popular due to the fact that its design allows you to build it yourself. Which is naturally quite attractive for those who like to build themselves or want to save a lot.
The construction of a gable roof structure consists of several large stages, each of which is important to perform correctly. In this case, the roof will stand for a long time and will not collapse.

Installation and fastening of the Mauerlat

Formally, a gable roof can be made without a Mauerlat. In this case, the rafters will rest on the floor beams. But it is not recommended to do this one by one, simple, but important reason- the beams will have to take on the additional load from the roof.
A Mauerlat is installed along the wall on which the rafters will rest, parallel to the ridge of the house, as shown in the photo.

Mauerlat

Mauerlat connection

The ends of the bars that will be connected are cut down at an angle of 90 degrees. After the ends are applied to each other, they are fastened with bolts and only with them. It is important not to use any other material instead of bolts, such as nails or wire.

Fastening

Mounting methods for the Mauerlat are based on the fact that it is installed on top of the wall. At the same time, it can be located both strictly in the center of the wall, and with an offset to one of the edges. But it is important to keep a distance of five centimeters to the outer edge.

A layer of waterproofing is placed between the wall and the timber. A simple roofing material is suitable for this.

This will protect the wood from the influence of moisture that can get on the walls. The mount itself must be as strong as possible, because it will have to withstand the wind load. There are several ways to fix the Mauerlat to the wall.
The methods of attaching the Mauerlat to the walls largely depend on what material the house is built from.

If the building is erected from a monolith, then best solution are anchor bolts;
If the house is being built from timber, then wooden dowels are the usual solution. They can be reinforced with additional fasteners;
A fairly common mounting option are staples. They are loved because they are quite versatile, although they are not the most durable solution;
If the building is constructed from porous materials, such as foam concrete, then the right choice there will be a Mauerlat mount on the armature;
The swivel mount, due to the fact that it is sliding, is suitable primarily for those houses that are built from materials that give noticeable shrinkage;
As an additional fastener, you can use a strong, for example, knitting, wire. It does not apply as a standalone option.

The right choice of fasteners will make it possible to survive the blows of even the strongest winds.

Installation of rafters and racks

There are two options for assembling the rafter legs. They can be assembled either from above, on the roof, or below, on the ground. The second option is easier to do with your own hands, but it takes more time. The second will require the use of mechanisms, since it is difficult to lift the structure of the truss system up manually.

But, one way or another, the manufacture of rafters must be done strictly according to the markup. For this, special templates are well suited, which are made of plywood after all calculations have been made.

Rafter attachment scheme

Before attaching the rafter legs to the Mauerlat, they must be washed down. Only rafters can be sawn, since such procedures on the Mauerlat weaken it. Three nails are used for fastening. Two of them are hammered along the edges, and the third must be driven through the upper plane of the structure in the center. Thanks to the use of three nails driven in this way, the rafter leg is well attracted to the Mauerlat and does not move.

As for the top attachment of the rafters to each other, there are three main ways to do this.

Without support bar. Rafters can be spliced end-to-end or overlap. In the first case, the ends are cut so that equal angles are formed. After applying the ends to each other, they are connected using a metal or wooden plank. In addition, a nail is driven in at the top. When overlapping, the ends are cut as needed and connected with bolts;
Using a support bar. This method is necessary when it comes to a large roof. The rafters at the ridge are also fastened end-to-end or overlapped, but in addition they rest on a beam, which in turn also serves as a support for the racks;
Cutting method. It involves cutting the rafter legs into the support beam.

The ridge support is mounted after the two extreme rafter legs are installed. Then there is the fastening of the racks. And then, the remaining rafters. You can see all this in a photo or video.

Insulation and water protection

Proper insulation and waterproofing are very important in the domestic climate. Especially when it comes to the roof, which is constantly and strongly affected by the environment. And the moisture that accumulates in the house itself also rises to the attic in the form of steam.

Based on the foregoing, it is important to choose a heater that has the function of vapor barrier. Otherwise, its type does not matter. But, with regard to waterproofing, then its rolled types are considered the most suitable. For example, a special film. It can be easily laid directly on the rafters. How this is done can be seen in the video.

Lathing installation

The crate is mounted last, but it plays an important role.

Without it, it is inconvenient to move along the roof, and the roofing material presses unnecessarily on the rafters. In addition, it makes it possible for an air cushion to appear between the roofing material and the insulation.

The design of the lathing and its step depend on what material will be laid on the roof.

The lattice crate is laid under slate, tile or metal tile, corrugated board. In the case of metal tiles, the distance should be 350 mm, and for slate and corrugated board - 400 mm;
A solid crate is used for soft types of coverage.

Lathing installation

They make it from a bar or board, and if we are talking about soft - from plywood, OSB sheets or the same board. They are laid on a beam located along the rafters, as shown in the photo and video.

Roof area calculation

A gable roof often has a simple shape, so calculating its area is not difficult. But this is extremely important to do exactly, because the consumption of materials depends on the knowledge of the area.

Roof area calculation

When calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, for this, in order not to get confused, you should not pay attention to the parameters of various ventilation holes, skylights or chimneys. It is enough just to find out the height from the ceiling to the ridge and the length of the ridge run. These parameters are multiplied. If the roof area is divided by the sine of the angle of inclination of the rafter, then you can find out the area of \u200b\u200bone slope.

Typical parameters

A design feature that distinguishes a gable roof is that it can be divided into separate standard parts. By calculating the area of each such element, separately and adding everything together, you can get the desired value of the amount of materials.

Since the roof is made with a slope, you need to know its angle.

The cosine of an angle is needed to determine the exact area of \u200b\u200balmost all elements.

Typical elements are the legs of the rafters, which form the basis of the trusses. In addition to them, there are braces, struts, supports, runs.

Roofing: selection and installation

Installation of metal roofing

Installation of roofing is the final stage of work. But it is preceded by the choice of a suitable material. Nowadays, manufacturers offer huge selection roofing materials, each of which has its pros and cons. The choice is always up to the consumer and depends on his aesthetic preferences, financial possibilities and climate.

Natural tiles. This is a very beautiful, traditional, but at the same time expensive material. Its high price is offset by a very long service life, unless of course it is specially beaten or it is affected by extremely adverse weather conditions;
Metallic coating. Such a roof is also a fairly traditional solution. Today, manufacturers offer many options for metal sheets for the roof, which differ not only in strength, but also in appearance;
Wooden roof. A shingle or spindle roof undoubtedly has many aesthetic merits. But it is quite expensive and without special treatment is prone to rotting;
Bulk coating. It is considered quite inexpensive and reliable. Belongs to the category of soft coatings. The disadvantage is that it can only be used on roofs with not very steep slopes.

The installation of each type of material is carried out in its own way and different fasteners are used for them. Information can be obtained from the video or from the manufacturer. After mounted cornice overhangs.

Fastening parts

The ability to properly fix the smallest details is the most important in making a roof with your own hands. There are several basic methods for connecting and fastening parts of a roof structure.

So, the groove connection is used by fastening the diagonal parts. If we are talking about connecting perpendicular elements, then it is suitable only for those of them where strength is not so important.

Metal corners and plates are also quite popular. They have good durability. But the disadvantage is the danger that some screws will turn out from the loads. To minimize risks, a combined fastening method is used.

gable roof cost

The cost varies greatly from whether the roof is made by hand or with the help of craftsmen. In the latter case, it will come out much more expensive and the price can reach several hundred thousand. In the first case, the main costs will go to materials.

The total cost of the design includes:

materials;
Mauerlat installation;
Installation of the truss system;
Installation of waterproofing;
Installation of the crate;
Roof installation.

Performing any of these elements with your own hands reduces the cost of construction.

Finishing the gable with siding

The pediment is a prominent part of the house. Therefore, it is customary to use attractive materials for its sheathing. It can be a board to match the roof, plywood or siding. In the case of wooden houses, the pediment can be cut in advance. More about this in the video.
The gable roof, due to the simplicity and accessibility of the design, which allows you to arrange it, including with your own hands, has become a truly universal solution. Knowledge of individual features will make it easy to avoid the main problems during its construction.

The arrangement of a gable roof is considered a very practical and right decision in the construction of a residential or commercial building. This option combines the relative simplicity of execution and reliability, ease of maintenance and long service life. In this material, we will talk about how to install a gable roof truss system with your own hands, what are its varieties, and how to calculate the dimensions of its individual elements. Our step-by-step instructions will allow you to deal with any complications that may arise in the process.

A roof with two slopes has a whole list of advantages:

ease of calculation;
various versions;
saving materials;
the possibility of natural outflow of water;
low probability of water leakage due to the integrity of the structure;
the possibility of arranging an attic or attic;
reliability and long service life;
ease of preventive maintenance.

Varieties of gable roofs

Consider the main types of roofs with two slopes, the truss system in which will be somewhat different in execution.

Symmetrical gable roof

This is the simplest gable roof, however, the most reliable and in demand. Symmetrical slopes allow you to distribute the load on the Mauerlat and load-bearing walls evenly. In this case, the type and thickness of the insulation layer do not affect the choice of roofing material. Thick beams of rafters have a sufficient margin of safety, so they will not sag. In addition, spacers can be installed at your discretion.

Among the disadvantages of this option, one can only note a too sharp angle of the slopes, which makes it difficult to use the attic floor and creates “deaf” zones that have no use.

Roof with two asymmetrical slopes

If the angle of inclination of the slopes is made more than 45º, some unused areas of space can be used. It will even be possible to equip a living space in the attic. However, some additional calculations will be required, as the load on the walls will become uneven.

Broken roof with external or internal break

This configuration makes it possible to place a spacious attic or attic under the roof. However, in this case, more complex engineering calculations will be required.

The design of rafters for arranging a roof with two slopes

The design of the gable roof truss system assumes the presence of such components:

Mauerlat. It is a durable bar made of oak, pine, larch or other strong wood, which is laid around the perimeter on the bearing walls of the building. The purpose of the Mauerlat is to evenly distribute the load. The cross section of the bars is chosen based on their structure - solid or glued, as well as on the age of the building. The most commonly used beams are 100 × 100 or 150 × 150 mm.
rafters. The whole structure is created from such elements (read also: ""). Connecting at the top point, two rafters form a farm. They are made from logs or durable bars.
puff. This part serves to grip the rafters and ensure their rigidity.
Runs. In those places where the rafter legs are joined, a ridge run is attached, on which the skate will subsequently be mounted. And with the help of side runs, the frame of the rafters is given additional strength. The expected load determines the size and number of such elements.
Rafter rack. This is a vertical beam that partially takes over the weight of the roof. If the gable roof scheme is simple, then one such beam is placed in the center. For a long span, three bars may be required - one in the center and two on the sides. If an asymmetrical roof is being erected, then the location of such a beam is determined by the length of the rafter legs. Under the rafters for a sloping roof, racks are placed on the sides to make room for movement. Beams are placed in the center and sides if there are two rooms.
Struts. These are rack supports. If significant winds and precipitation are expected in winter period, install longitudinal, as well as diagonal racks.
Sill. A rack for rafters rests on it, and struts are also attached.

crate. The selected roofing material is attached to it, and you can also move along it during work. Fix the crate perpendicular to the rafters. Please note that the crate allows you to evenly distribute the mass of roofing material over the rafter system.

The installation scheme of the gable roof truss system will greatly facilitate all construction work. How such a roof scheme will look depends on the type of roof.

Please note that the material for the truss system must be of the highest quality, treated with flame retardant and antiseptic agents. There should be no knots or cracks on the beams for rafters, Mauerlat and racks. Only a small number of knots are allowed on the crate, firmly seated in the wood.

Calculation of frame elements for a gable roof

Laying Mauerlat on the walls

This element is mounted on a load-bearing wall along its entire length. If it's about log house, then the upper crown can serve as a Mauerlat. For buildings made of aerated concrete or brick, a Mauerlat equal to the length of the wall will be required. Sometimes this detail can be laid between the rafters.

With a lack of material length for the Mauerlat, several pieces can be spliced. At the same time, the edges are sawn at 90º and joined with bolts - wire, dowels or nails are not suitable.

There are two ways to lay a Mauerlat on top of a load-bearing wall:

symmetrically in the center;
offset in the desired direction.

Mounting of the Mauerlat is carried out on a pre-laid waterproofing layer of roofing material. This will protect the wood from rotting.

It is worth taking a responsible attitude to the process of attaching the Mauerlat, since in strong winds it must withstand a particularly heavy load.

As fasteners for Mauerlat, you can use the following consumables:

Anchors, which are indispensable for monolithic materials.
Wooden dowels. These parts are used in houses made of timber and logs, although they require additional fastenings.
Staples.
Reinforcement or special studs. This option is preferable for buildings made of foam or aerated concrete.
knitting or steel wire- This is an auxiliary fastener, used almost always.

Assembly of trusses or trusses

Farm assembly can be done using one of the following methods:

Beams for rafters are assembled and mounted directly on the roof of the building. This process is quite laborious, since all measurements, trimming and coupling of the bars will have to be done at a height. However, you can do it on your own, without the involvement of technology.
Trusses or truss pairs can be fixed to the ground, and then the finished elements can be raised to the roof of the building. On the one hand, this simplifies the process of installing the rafters, and on the other hand, due to the large weight of the structure, lifting it up will require special equipment.

Please note that it is worth starting the assembly of truss pairs only after marking. And if you make a template in advance, for which you take two boards equal to the length of the rafters, and connect them together, then all pairs will turn out to be exactly the same.

Installation of rafters

After assembly and lifting to a height, the installation of gable roof rafters is carried out wooden house. To fix them on the Mauerlat, cuts are made at the bottom of the rafters. The first to install two trusses from opposite ends of the roof.

After that, a rope is pulled between the starting pairs, along which all the other truss trusses will be aligned and the ridge will be installed.

Now you can mount the remaining pairs in compliance with the calculated step between them. In cases where pairs are assembled directly on the roof, a ridge run is attached between the two end trusses. Subsequently, rafters are installed on it.

The order of installation of halves of rafters according to the opinions of professionals may differ. Some prefer to lay the bars in a checkerboard pattern so as not to overload the foundation and walls during work. Others tend to install pairs of rafters in series. Be that as it may, rafter legs may need props and racks - it all depends on the size of the roof and the shape of the trusses.

Skate mount

A ridge is an element that is formed by attaching rafters at the top point. As soon as all the details of the truss system for gable roof will be installed, it is necessary to perform a capital fixing of all structural elements.

Lathing installation

The presence of lathing is mandatory in the construction of any roof. It not only supports the roofing material and allows it to be securely fastened, but also makes it possible to move along the roof during work.

The distance between the individual boards is chosen based on the type of roofing material:

soft roofing is laid on a continuous crate without gaps;
for a metal tile, a crate is needed with a step of 35 cm (between the two lower rows - 30 cm);
slate and corrugated board can be laid on the crate in increments of 44 cm.

Results

Thus, in order to assemble a truss system for a roof with two slopes, many nuances should be taken into account and any possible complications should be foreseen. We hope that our advice will help you cope with this difficult task and create a high-quality and durable roof for your home.

A gable roof is the most common design used in the construction of residential buildings, since building a gable roof with your own hands is quite simple and fast. The massive use of this type of roof is explained by its reliable, proven excellent characteristics: it does an excellent job of protecting the house from wind and precipitation, in winter it can easily withstand a significant load from snow, and its construction does not require special building skills. It is widely used not only in the construction of a residential building, but also for adjoining buildings: baths, garages, cellars, gazebos.

Do-it-yourself gable roof - advantages

To begin with, let's try to figure out why a gable roof is so popular today, what are its advantages, for example, over a hipped roof, and which one suits it best.

Suitable for a large number of types of roofing material;
The simplicity of the design allows you to make this roof with your own hands;
Possibility to place the second (mansard, attic) floor;
Simplicity of laying of a roof on this design.

Preparatory stage

First you need to decide on the size of the roof and its angle of inclination. To do this, you need to take into account: the amount of precipitation, the snow and wind load of your region, as well as the type of roofing material that will be used.

On a note! The smaller the angle of inclination of the roof, the better design will withstand these loads. However, too small an angle of inclination will not allow full use of the attic room, so you need to find a middle ground.

Before you start building a roof, you need to familiarize yourself with what it is and what it consists of. In accordance with the draft plan of the house, the future design and shape of the roof is being developed.

A gable roof consists of two inclined planes (slopes), located at an angle to each other, connected in the region of the ridge. At the ends of the roof, triangular gables are formed.

Elements included in the roof frame

Mauerlat as it is often called (roof foundation) - a support beam for rafters installed on the top of the walls of the house, evenly distributing the load on the building. In a house made of wood, the last row of a log house acts as a Mauerlat.

Installation of the Mauerlat on brick or block walls is carried out using powerful anchors. Mauerlat is made from dried wood, treated with a protective fire-fighting and antifungal agent, with a cross section of 100x100mm. up to 150x150 mm.

rafter legs- are installed in pairs, on both sides of the roof and fixed on the ridge, thereby forming a truss system (roof contour).

The step of their installation is usually in the range of 0.6-1.2 m, and depends on the type of roofing material used. The heavier the roof, the smaller the step is used. Rafters are made of edged dry boards of coniferous breeds, from 50 mm thick. For the safety and durability of the structure, it is also necessary to use special impregnations for wood.

Roof ridge- horizontal, upper line of connection of the rafter legs to each other. Its height at the beginning and at the end in relation to the upper points of the walls should not differ. This can be measured using a hydraulic level.

Racks- vertically installed supports under the truss system. Depending on the width, racks can be installed both under the ridge beam, and additionally in the gap from the ridge to the roof eaves. Supports are made from edged board or a bar.
Filly- these elements of the rafter system are required to extend the rafter legs when they are too short and it is not possible to make the overhang of the required length. They are attached to the lower part of the rafters by overlapping boards of a smaller section and fastening them to each other with a nail.
Runs- a horizontal beam that fastens the legs of the rafters. Attached with inside at the base of the ridge, or in the center of the rafter legs.
puff- a beam fixed from below, connecting the rafter legs, not allowing them to diverge.
Sill- a support beam lying horizontally on the bearing wall inside the log house, on which racks are installed that support the truss system. Material - timber with a section of 100x100mm. up to 150x150 mm..
Struts and racks- additional supports for the rafter legs, which give the structure additional stability, are attached to the puff or bed.
crate- a structure made of bars or boards, necessary for laying the roof, is attached perpendicular to the rafter legs, the step depends on the type of roof. Under flexible tiles, plywood sheets are used, laid on the rafters with a solid carpet.

Do-it-yourself gable roof - elements of the truss system

The presence of the above components in the roof structure depends on its type and size. There are two options for installing a truss system on a gable roof: layered And hanging. In the first version, the rafters are attached: below to the Mauerlat, above to the ridge beam. The ridge must be supported either by an inner wall or vertical posts.

Hanging rafters at the top rely on each other, and at the bottom to puff or floor beams. In houses built of wood, the fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat is made sliding, this will avoid breaking the roof frame when the house shrinks.

What is a roof truss

roof truss- this flat design, which includes: rafters, racks, braces and stretch marks. The main task of this design is to arrange all the elements so that internal walls houses, did not experience the load, and the entire vertical load went to the external, strong walls. The wider the span, the more racks and braces will be required.

Do-it-yourself gable roof - gable roof truss truss

Rafter system

It is suitable for the type of roofs, the span of which is from 10 to 16 m. The rafters can be installed at any angle, and the presence of load-bearing walls or columns in the house is mandatory. At the top, the rafters are supported by a ridge run supported by an inner wall or posts, and at the bottom by a Mauerlat.

The loads in this design are vertical, so there is no need to install puffs. To strengthen the rafter legs, are installed crossbars And struts.

Step by step installation instructions

On the walls of the house around the entire perimeter, as well as on the inside, a Mauerlat and a bed are attached to the anchor bolts, additionally fastening it from the inside with a strong metal plate.

Under the Mauerlat, it is necessary to put a waterproofing material, most often roofing material is used. The material of the Mauerlat and the bed is a beam with a cross section of 100 to 150 mm.

Do-it-yourself gable roof - Mauerlat mount

On the Mauerlat and the bed, opposite the rafter legs, floor beams are placed. They are made from edged boards 50x150 mm. For further safe movement, you can put a subfloor on them, fixing it with a self-tapping screw or a nail.

Under the ridge run, racks are placed on the bed, fastening them with powerful metal corners, plates or nails, the installation step is not more than 2 meters. Racks (supports), using a level, align vertically, and temporarily fix them in any suitable way. Then a run (ridge beam) is placed on vertically mounted supports and fastened in a similar way.

Do-it-yourself gable roof - installation of vertical racks under the skate

Rafter legs are made from edged boards. First, a template of one leg is made, where the angle of the cut of the attachment to the ridge beam and the Mauerlat is measured. The resulting template must be tried on on both sides of the roof at the attachment points of the rafters.

If washed down correctly, then the rest of the rafters are made according to the template. In the event that the Mauerlat and the ridge beam are installed strictly horizontally, fitting the template in all places can be omitted.

do-it-yourself gable roof - a scheme for attaching the main components

If the board is long enough, then the overhang from the roof is left at least 30 cm, otherwise it will be necessary to lengthen the rafter by attaching an additional board (filly) to it.

In the ridge, the rafters are fastened to each other with metal plates and nails. In fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat, metal brackets are used, one end of which is driven into the board, the second is driven into the Mauerlat, corners and nails can be additionally used.

If the width of the roof is large, the rafters are reinforced with struts, which are attached at an angle to the support post, standing on the bed, and the rafter itself. After all the rafters are installed, their length is measured again and if there is no need to adjust it, then a wind bar is nailed to the ends of the board.

Important! Rafters of the layered type can withstand greater loads than a system with hanging rafters, so this design is chosen when building large houses with an attic floor and an insulated roof.

Hanging rafter system

Such a system of rafters is ideal for the construction of gable roofs, where the span does not exceed 6 meters, and there are also no internal load-bearing walls. The support of the lower parts of the rafters is the Mauerlat, leaning against each other at the top, they are themselves supports.

A feature of this design is the need to use a tightening that does not allow the rafter legs to diverge, thereby there is no bursting load on the walls of the house and only vertical force acts. An additional puff (crossbar) can also be installed under the ridge. All construction work is carried out by analogy with the installation system of layered rafters.

Features of hanging type structures

Mandatory presence of a puff that performs the main function - fastening the rafter legs.
When using this system, the Mauerlat can be completely abandoned; it can be replaced by an ordinary edged board laid on roofing material.
Possibility of installation on the walls of ready-made fastened triangles (truss trusses).

Do-it-yourself gable roof - examples of hanging truss systems (diagram)

The advantages of the hanging system include the absence of support posts in the center, which makes attic floor more spacious and allows you to more rationally plan this space.

This design is easier to implement, it requires a smaller number of building material, which automatically significantly reduces the cost of its cost. It is recommended to use in the construction of small houses. The reliability of this design is quite high.

As you yourself could see, a do-it-yourself gable roof is a completely doable task for everyone. It is only necessary to have basic knowledge and building skills in order to do everything right.