How to care for blackcurrants in spring. Spring currant care

Currant is a sweet and sour berry that many adults and children adore. And this is not surprising, because its composition contains a large amount of vitamins, especially vitamin C, groups B and PP, as well as other useful macro- and microelements. However, in order for the berry bush to please you with its abundant fruiting every year, it needs proper care during the entire growing season, and most of all after winter, when the plant is just waking up and more than ever needs care.

How do you need to care for currants in the spring so that there is a good harvest?

When to start spring activities to care for currants after winter: timing

As a rule, work on the spring care of currants in the garden should begin immediately after the last snow melts, and the air temperature becomes positive and settles at about +4..+5 degrees.

Too long delaying the work of clearing and preparing currants for the new season, unfortunately, threatens to develop into a moment when it will be too late to carry out care. The buds in the warm sun will quickly begin to swell and crack, releasing young leaves and inflorescences out. Therefore, it is important not to miss the time and, at the very first favorable days, come to the dacha and get down to business.

In order to properly care for currants in the spring, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of growing crops in different regions and, accordingly, start spring work on time:

So, in the southern regions, they are already starting to care for currant bushes. in early spring- in mid-March, immediately after the earth dries out a little.
V middle lane(Moscow region) to start caring for currant bushes after winter, they begin noticeably later - somewhere in the second half of April.
in the Northwest (in Leningrad region), as well as in the Urals and Siberia, spring currant care is carried out towards the end of April-beginning of May.

How to care for currants in spring: the main activities

Regardless of different dates the beginning of work in each individual region, the scheme of spring activities for the care of berry bushes is approximately the same.

So what should be done in the spring with currant bushes to get a good and tasty harvest?

As a rule, the composition of measures for the care of currants in the spring includes the following:

opening after winter (withdrawal winter shelter);
transfer;
pruning;
loosening and weeding;
watering;
mulching;
top dressing;
treatment for pests and diseases.

Removing shelter (mulch) after winter

To currants at low temperature conditions(from -25 ..-30) did not freeze, for the winter the plant is often covered, or rather mulched.

Therefore, when all the snow has completely melted and melted, you will need to remove all the mulch, as well as rake the shrubs from the near-stem circle all the remaining garbage, the same leaves and stuff(it is very convenient to do this with a fan rake), and then burn it.

Together with organic residues, you will get rid of many insect pests and fungal spores left after wintering. In addition, open soil warms up faster with sunlight, which stimulates the plant to start growing.

pruning

If shelter (mulching) is not at all a mandatory autumn operation, which means that not everyone will have to clean the bushes from last year's mulch, then pruning is one of the most important maintenance activities for currants, from the correct implementation of which in many respects future fruition depends shrub.

So, in the spring, if you did it last year, then, as a rule, you only need to check that the shrub survived the winter well, in other words, carry out sanitary pruning.

By the way! At this point, you should also get rid of any mite buds that you can collect by hand. Moreover, it is desirable to do this as early as possible, in other words, you should not wait for them to swell.

Distinguishing tick-borne from healthy kidneys is quite simple: they are always round, while healthy ones are elongated.

Be sure to burn all collected kidneys!

If you didn't autumn pruning, then it follows here now, i.e. spring.

Loosening and weeding

Next, you can proceed to loosening the soil. The purpose of this event is to improve the access of air to the roots of the plant, as well as moisture and nutrition. Moreover, this should be done with a special chopper (by 5-6 cm), in no case with a shovel, because. currant is quite superficial root system.

As a rule, along with loosening, weeding is also carried out.

Watering

After the soil dries out from the snow, if there is no additional precipitation, it is very important not to let the currants “die of thirst”.

In the future, the currants in the spring are watered with slightly warm water, in the morning or in the evening, about 1 time per week, while it is required to pour a sufficient amount of moisture under the bush (3-4 buckets).

If you do not water the currant bushes in sufficient quantities, then about no large and delicious berries out of the question.

Mulching

To reduce the evaporation of moisture and prevent the growth of weeds, you can mulch the trunk circle of currants in the spring with a layer of sawdust, cones, straw or fertile soil - humus, compost, peat, biohumus.

Thanks to mulching, you will have to water the shrub much less often (moisture will hold on much better), and there will also be fewer weeds.

And some even put black non-woven material under the currant bushes.

This is another key event that is included in the list of the main elements of spring care, and thanks to which you can get an increased yield, of course, if you know when and what exactly you need to fertilize currants in spring.

So, at the very beginning (during the swelling period), currants need nitrogen, and before flowering - more phosphorus and potassium.

By the way! All information about spring dressing of currants you will find in .

Treatment for diseases and pests

Spraying bushes against diseases and pests is another essential element of spring currant care.

Therefore, in early spring You can .

Transfer

If your bush has noticeably decreased fruiting and it has generally stopped developing: there is no growth of young shoots even after stimulating pruning, it is 10-15 years old - it's time to transplant it, and first propagate it in one of the ways.

Also, the reason for transplanting may be a banal redevelopment of the site or the need to move a completely young berry bush to another place.

It is believed that it is best to transplant currants in the autumn, but this does not mean that it cannot be done in spring or even summer, especially if it is really necessary.

The most important thing when transplanting (seating) currant bushes in the spring is to be in time before the buds wake up in the plant.

Popular mistakes in caring for currants in spring

Most novice gardeners unknowingly make a number of mistakes. In order not to constantly learn from your own mistakes, it is better to learn in advance about the main potential shortcomings in caring for currants in the spring.

So, the most popular mistakes that occur during the spring care of currant bushes are the following:

untimely start and implementation of specific work (for example, you need to cut it before the start of sap flow and swelling of the kidneys, and you can feed it after or during);
wrong order (it makes no sense to first treat currants from diseases and pests, and then trim them, it is better to do the opposite);
improper feeding (applying too much nitrogen fertilizer) or its absence at all;
incorrect pruning or its absence;
ignoring preventive measures to protect currants from pests and diseases.

Thus, the spring care of the bushes of black, red and white currants in the spring does not require any extra effort at all. It is enough to follow simple recommendations and not to ignore the most important garden activities, which in the end will definitely have a positive effect on the harvested crop.

Video: spring currant care

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Currant care must be carried out throughout the year. These bushes grow in almost everyone in the country or in the garden, but not everyone knows how to properly handle the plant. And this is reflected in the yield. In order for it to be rich, it is necessary to carry out top dressing, watering, pruning shrubs, loosening the soil and other procedures in time. Periodically, you have to deal with various diseases and pests (but it is best to carry out prevention).

In the spring, currants should be looked after as follows:

1. Watering. It must be carried out in late spring, when the snow has completely melted and the soil has already dried out.
2. Treatment with boiling water. The procedure should be carried out before the buds open. Bushes need to be poured with boiling water. It's old folk remedy, which is used to prevent powdery mildew and other diseases and pests. It is enough to boil a bucket of water, and then make a hot shower for the bush from a watering can. Pouring water relies on the central part of the stem and branch. At this time, boiling water will not harm the bush, so do not worry.
3. Processing of the trunk circle. When the soil dries out a little in the spring, it is supposed to loosen it with a rake. Additionally, you can mulch with compost or humus. When the grass begins to grow, the latter will have to be mowed, it can also be used for mulching, but only before that it is carefully chopped. It must be borne in mind that such a layer during decay takes a lot of nitrogen. To compensate for the lack of this component in the soil, it is recommended to water the space around the bushes with a solution of urea - 1 tbsp is enough. l. substances per 10 liters of water.
4. Top dressing. In spring, a large amount of nitrogen is needed. For example, fertilizers such as urea and ammonium nitrate are suitable. The first relies on 10 g per 1 sq. m, and the second for 15 g. Even during flowering, experts advise adding starch under the bush. This will increase productivity. It is necessary to dissolve 300 g in 10 liters of water potato starch and water the bushes under the root with such a tool.
5. Warming. When flowering is just beginning, but there is a risk of frost at night, it is necessary to insulate the bushes with a special covering material.

Summer care is as follows:

1. Watering. Currant is a moisture-loving crop, so it requires a lot of water. The soil must not be allowed to dry out. Because of this, the berries begin to crumble. It is necessary to water only under the root. In dry weather, this is required to be done once a week, 5 buckets of water for each bush. Spraying with plain water should not be carried out, as this provokes the development of powdery mildew.
2. Loosening. This must be done after every watering. Thanks to this procedure, the roots will have access to oxygen. By the way, in currants, the root system is superficial, so you can’t use a shovel.
3. Top dressing. Fertilizers are also supposed to be applied in the summer after harvesting. For example, you will need 70 g of phosphorus and 30 g of potash fertilizers for each bush. You can also simply add 100-150 g of complex mineral compounds. The use of compost and humus is allowed. This is only done once every 3 years. For each shrub, 10 kg is enough. In summer, urea will also benefit currants. Need 3 matchbox dissolve in a bucket of water. Then it is supposed to water the bushes from a watering can. This amount is enough for 1 plant.

In autumn, you also need to take good care of the culture:

1. Watering. It is not as abundant as in summer, but the soil should remain moist. The lack of water greatly affects the wintering of currants.
2. Top dressing. It is necessary to add 30 g of potassium chloride and 100 g of superphosphate for each shrub.
3. Warming. It is recommended to tie the bushes with twine, and in winter cover the plant with snow.

Usually blackcurrant bears fruit up to 8 years. But 10-year-old plantings already definitely need to be replaced. It is best to do this in advance. For example, plant new shrubs every 4-5 years.

How do you need to care for currants in the spring so that there is a good harvest?

When to start spring activities to care for currants after winter: timing

As a rule, work on the spring care of currants in the garden should begin immediately after the last snow melts, and the air temperature becomes positive and settles at about +4..+5 degrees.

In order to properly care for currants in spring, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of growing crops in different regions and, accordingly, start spring work on time:

So, in the southern regions, they start caring for currant bushes in early spring - in mid-March, immediately after the earth dries out a little.
In the Middle lane (Moscow region), they start caring for currant bushes after winter much later - somewhere in the second half of April.
In the North-West (in the Leningrad region), as well as in the Urals and Siberia, spring care for currants is carried out towards the end of April-beginning of May.

How to care for currants in spring: the main activities

Despite the different dates for the start of work in each individual region, the scheme of spring activities for the care of berry bushes is approximately the same.

So what should be done in the spring with currant bushes to get a good and tasty harvest?

As a rule, the composition of measures for the care of currants in the spring includes the following:

opening after winter (removal of winter shelter);
transfer;
pruning;
loosening and weeding;
watering;
mulching;
top dressing;
treatment for pests and diseases.

Removing shelter (mulch) after winter

So that currants do not freeze at low temperatures (from -25 ..-30), the plant is often covered for the winter, or rather mulched.

Together with organic residues, you will get rid of many insect pests and fungal spores left after wintering. In addition, open soil warms up faster with sunlight, which stimulates the plant to start growing.

pruning

So, in the spring, if even last year you did autumn pruning of bushes, then, as a rule, you only need to check that the shrub survived the winter well, in other words, carry out sanitary pruning.

By the way! At this point, you should also get rid of any mite buds that you can collect by hand. Moreover, it is desirable to do this as early as possible, in other words, you should not wait for them to swell.

Distinguishing tick-borne from healthy kidneys is quite simple: they are always round, while healthy ones are elongated.

Be sure to burn all collected kidneys!

If you did not do autumn pruning, then it should be here now, i.e. spring.

Loosening and weeding

As a rule, along with loosening, weeding is also carried out.

Watering

After the soil dries out from the snow, if there is no additional precipitation, it is very important not to let the currants “die of thirst”.

Adding an article to a new collection

Currant is not too whimsical. But still, do not forget about the shrub, otherwise the yield will begin to decline, and the berries will shrink. Therefore, make time for the three main spring procedures: pruning, top dressing and protection from diseases and pests.

In early spring, currants wake up after a long winter. When the snow melts, it is necessary to remove the shelter from the bushes to avoid dampening. This should be done gradually so that the plant does not experience stress. Frame structures should not be disassembled, they can still be useful to protect plants from sunburn. It is enough to pull on a thin white spunbond, and the currant will be sheltered from the scorching spring sun.

Currant is considered a frost-resistant crop and does not require mandatory shelter. But still it is worth organizing it if the winters in your region are snowless or very cold.

Caring for black, red and white currants in spring is practically the same. First, clean the soil under the bushes from the old mulch and the remnants of snow, loosen the ground and remove the first weeds. Now it's time to start cutting.

How to prune currants in spring?

Sanitary pruning of currants in the spring will allow the bushes to gain strength before flowering and fruiting. It is also a great opportunity to inspect plants for signs of damage by diseases and pests.

Pruning should be done before the buds swell and active sap flow.

To work, take a sharp clean pruner and remove:

dried, frozen, crooked and broken shoots;
diseased and thin branches;
thickening bush shoots;
dark brown old shoots.

At the end, carry out a shaping pruning. At black currant leave 5-7 buds on lateral 2-4-year-old shoots, cut the rest. Shorten powerful annual shoots by 10-15 cm. As a result, the bush should become more compact and "transparent" in the center.

At red and white currant pruning is different, because their branches retain high yields up to 8 years. For full fruiting, the bushes must have both young and old shoots. Cut off only the upper unripened parts on the shoots, remove the tops and the oldest branches. Branching of the first and second orders does not need to be touched. After pruning, the bush should consist of 20-25 branches 1-8 years old.

Read more about pruning currants in our article.

Currants bud in early spring. If they have an unnatural swollen appearance, then the plant is affected. kidney mite. Without delay, cut or pinch off such buds until the pests have escaped from them and spread all over the currant.

Currant buds affected by currant bud mites; carbonat.ru

Also, during pruning, pay attention to the core of the cut branch. If it is dark, not green, then the bush is affected by larvae currant glass jar. A hole filled with dust is noticeable? The plant liked the larvae narrow-bodied borer. In case of severe damage, the bush will have to be uprooted. If there are few such branches, cut them without leaving a hemp, and be sure to treat the bushes from pests, which we will discuss below.

Sick and old branches, burn the affected buds, healthy shoots can be used for propagation.

Clean the trunk circles and loosen the soil so that air can better penetrate to the roots and the surface does not become covered with a crust.

Do I need to water currant bushes in spring?

Red and white currants tolerate drought well, unlike black currants, in which the root system is located close to the surface of the earth. But in the spring, after the snow melts, there is usually enough moisture for all plants. Therefore, it is not necessary to additionally moisten the soil so as not to provoke root rot. The first watering is usually carried out in late May - early June, when the plants are actively growing and forming ovaries. Depending on the age of the bush, it is necessary to pour 2 to 5 buckets of water under each one so that the earth is moistened to a depth of 40 cm.

If there was little snow in winter and the soil is dry in March-April, water it. Under adult bushes (over 3 years old), pour 2 buckets of soft water (preferably rain), under young ones - 1 bucket each.

How to feed currants in spring?

Caring for red, black and white currants in spring also includes top dressing, without which it will be difficult to get a rich harvest of berries. You can feed plants with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. For example, top dressing of currants in the spring can be carried out according to this scheme.

In the first year after planting, currants do not need to be fertilized, they will have enough nutrients that were introduced into the planting pit.

After top dressing, mulch tree trunks to avoid evaporation of moisture or the negative effects of sudden temperature changes. It is better to use humus or compost for this, which will additionally saturate the soil with useful substances.

How to treat currants in the spring from diseases and pests?

When the snow melts, the buds swell, it's time to treat currants in the spring from diseases and pests. During pruning, you could already assess the health of the bushes. Perhaps some of them are sick and need urgent help. If no signs are observed, be sure to carry out preventive spraying. The best time for the procedure is March-April, while the kidneys have not yet opened.

Currant diseases spring and early summer can cause crop failure. Among the most frequent and dangerous fungal diseases such as:

anthracnose - red-brown spots are noticeable on the leaves, which eventually grow and merge;
septoria - at first the leaves are covered with small brown spots, by the middle of summer they brighten in the center, and turn brown along the edges;
gray rot - the leaves are covered with brown bloom and dry out, sometimes lumps with a characteristic bloom appear on the wood;
rust - yellowish spots appear, which gradually merge with each other, and a rusty coating is noticeable on the underside of the leaves;
sferoteka (American powdery mildew) - leaves, stems of the bush, and later the fruits are covered with a white bloom (then the color turns brown).

No less dangerous are viral diseases, for example, terry (reversion) and striped mosaic, which cannot be treated and require the complete destruction of the bushes.

To protect plants, treat currants in the spring before bud break with the following preparations of your choice:

You can also carry out protective spraying with ash. To do this, pour 100 g of ash into 1 liter of water, let it brew for 3 days, strain and add 3 liters of water.

Currant pests In the spring, they are not yet so noticeable, but will soon make themselves felt. How to identify an infection with a kidney mite, a currant glass case and a goldfish, we described above. But currants have much more enemies. So great damage to plants is caused by bud moth, moth, sawflies, currant gall midge, aphids and other dangerous insects.

The most popular means for protecting currants can be called biopreparations Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, etc. For the treatment of severely affected plants, Karbofos, Biotlin, Aktara, Aktellik, Fufanon, etc. are suitable.

If you are a follower folk methods, then use a soap solution, infusions of garlic, onion peel or tobacco for prevention.

Is it necessary to pour boiling water over currants in spring?

Surely you have heard that experienced gardeners pour boiling water over currant bushes in the spring. This procedure is designed to destroy pests and pathogenic bacteria. It is carried out strictly on a sleeping bush (the buds are not swollen, there is no sap flow), otherwise there is a risk of damaging the plant. Before the procedure, it is advisable to tie the bush in order to shed all the shoots evenly.

Those who practice this method are sure that currants get this additional protection. But it is important to consider that boiling water cools quickly and is unlikely to have any significant destructive effect. At the same time, a lot of water will be needed, and after the procedure, dirt will squish under the bushes. Therefore, if you nevertheless consider this method to be correct, carry it out, but do not forget about other, more effective and less time-consuming methods. One dousing with boiling water cannot completely protect currants from diseases and pests.

Caring for currants in spring after winter is not very difficult. Take time for a shrub - and it will thank you with an abundance of juicy and large berries!

Blackcurrant grows in every garden. But we do not always harvest the crop that the planted variety is capable of. Often in the gardens you can see thickened bushes affected by diseases and pests. Everyone in our family loves blackcurrants. In order for the bushes to be healthy, the berries are large and tasty, and caring for the bushes does not take much time, I made a simplified “action plan” for myself.

Early spring (end of March - April). The snow has already completely or partially melted, and the currant buds have not yet swollen

top dressing. Nitrogen is needed for good leaf development. We pour ready-made mixtures on the ground spring fertilizer for berry bushes (with nitrogen) on moistened ground and lightly sprinkle with soil on top. If it is not possible, then you can not fertilize the bushes.

pruning. We carry out pruning if this work was not carried out at the end of autumn. We remove the frozen ends of the shoots. Cut out dry, weak and broken branches. From the cut branches we collect the first crop of currants: elongated buds and fragrant shoots cut into small pieces. They can be folded into a glass jar, closed with a lid and put in the refrigerator, so that they can then be added to the teapot when brewing black tea.

Pests. All round buds on the branches are collected and burned. We rake and burn or put the leaves that have fallen in late autumn into a humus container. Some gardeners pour boiling water over the bushes, which is poured into metal watering cans.

Mid-spring (late April - early May). Black currant buds swell, spring frosts are possible

top dressing. We introduce nitrogen (along the edges of the crown of the bush), if this has not been done before. Can be diluted urea(1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water) or ammonium nitrate(2 tbsp. per 10 liters of water) and immediately sprinkle the soil around the irrigation site with a solution. After weeding, pour humus or loose compost under the bushes.

Landing. This the best time for planting seedlings.

Pests. In old gardens, it is desirable to spray the bushes with a 3-5% solution of iron sulfate (against kidney moths, mealybugs, etc.). From the kidney tick we use the drug " Kleshchevit», « Fitoverm" or " Kiovit Jet”(from mites and powdery mildew).

End of Spring (May)

top dressing. From this time until the fall, we will feed blackcurrants with slightly dried potato peels, in which there is a lot of starch. We bury them in shallow grooves dug in the ground in those places above which the ends of the branches are located. It is better to plant food potato or corn in the soil. starch. Foliar top dressing with microelements is useful (ready-made formulations, potassium permanganate, boric acid). Water regularly, especially in dry weather.

Weeding. This is the time of active growth of weeds. . Along the way, loosen the soil so as not to damage the surface roots.

Pests. We carefully examine the bushes of blackcurrant. If there is a threat of damage by a moth, spraying the bushes with a weak solution helps. nicotine sulfate with green or laundry soap. Be sure to carry out a manual collection of green and brown berries affected by the moth.

Summer (before harvest)

top dressing. Once every two weeks, we water the ground under the bushes (closer to the edge of the crown) with a diluted infusion of grass, manure or compost. We alternate with backfilling and incorporation of wood ash into the soil.

Watering. Be sure to carry out one plentiful watering. In dry weather, regularly water the blackcurrant bushes.

Pests. With the mass appearance of caterpillars, urgent measures must be taken. Manual collection of the pest or plant infusions is unlikely to help save blackcurrant foliage. You have to use " spark". It is better to take a drug of directed action. For instance, " Spark from caterpillars» (1 ml per 10 liters of water). We regularly inspect the bushes, destroy the rest of the pests. Cut out all dead branches.

We carefully inspect all the bushes in order to collect diseased and pest-affected berries and leaves, and then destroy them

When powdery mildew appears, spray the foliage with soda ash. Some gardeners use a weak solution of any cheap laundry detergent. There is folk way: spray a bush with a dilute infusion of manure (mullein) with a broom. It is said that in this way it is possible to avoid the development of powdery mildew.

Harvesting

top dressing. Sprinkle under each bush wood ash and plant it in the soil.

Pests. We destroy nests of moths and diseased berries . Be sure to cut off the tips of those shoots that are affected by powdery mildew.

Old bushes are often affected by moth

We collect ripe berries.

After picking berries

top dressing. Flower buds are laid on next year, therefore, black currants need to be fed with phosphorus and potassium. You can take potassium sulfate and superphosphate. In the first days of August we feed potassium sulfate(1 tablespoon per 10 liters of warm water), and after two weeks double superphosphate(1 tablespoon per 10 liters hot water, insist during the day). We moisten the soil first. For irrigation with fertilizer solutions, you can make a shallow groove along the crown projection line, which we then fill up, and then we mulch the soil with compost or humus.

pruning. It is necessary to regularly cut off the tops of the shoots that are crumpled and powdered with powdery mildew, remove frail young shoots growing in the center of the bush. They only thicken the bush.

Crumpled gooseberry aphids blackcurrant leaves

At the end of August, we pinch the ends of the blackcurrant branches, which contributes to the maturation of the wood and reduces the risk of powdery mildew for the next year. It is better to remove the old branches lying on the ground. Be sure to cut and burn all drying branches, because. the probability of a currant glass case is high. Remember that too strong summer preventive pruning weakens the bush.

Mandatory watering and weeding the soil under the blackcurrant bushes.

Pests. In places where the kidney mite is distributed, we spray it with the preparation " Kleshchevit"(1 ampoule per 2 liters of water). It can be replaced with Fitoverm».

Autumn

top dressing. It is useful to apply potash and phosphorus fertilizers. You can take ready-made mixtures for autumn feeding of berry bushes or superphosphate(100 g per adult bush) and potassium chloride(30 g per adult bush). After dumping the bulk of the foliage, be sure to powder the soil under the woody bushes. ash, we pour fresh fertile soil or compost under each bush with a layer of 10 - 15 cm.

pruning. We cut off the old, twisted, damaged and thickening bush branches. It is advisable to shorten the tops of the shoots . After that, you need to immediately burn all the cut branches.

Pests. Be sure to remove all round swollen buds with currant mites. Sometimes it is necessary to cut branches that are heavily infected with it. Fallen leaves are definitely collected.

Landing. In the second decade of September, we plant layers detached from the mother plant in a permanent place. We plant seedlings (grown from cuttings and purchased), trying not to damage the roots. For warming, add loose compost to them. In the first decade of October, we continue to propagate blackcurrants, planting in fertile soil new cuttings for rooting.

Be sure to carry out autumn moisture-charging watering. After leaf fall, we tighten loose bushes with a strong rope and put bars or boards under some branches or build wooden frame. Without this, a sprawling bush can be crushed by a snowdrift or lose some of the branches by spring.

Winter

At the very beginning of winter, we add as much snow as possible to the bushes. In winter, it happens that frosty days are replaced by thaws. In snowy winters, this leads to blackcurrant breakage. We have to remove part of the snow from heavy snowdrifts, under which there are bushes. After the weakening of frost at the end of winter, you can start harvesting cuttings for spring planting. They are stored in the snow or dug in damp sand and left in a cool place.

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A very popular berry crop, with delicious, healthy berries. An unpretentious shrub bears fruit every year and many gardeners do not realize that if you properly care for currants in early spring, you can not only increase productivity, but also extend the life of the plant.

Removing shelter from currants in early spring

V winter period blackcurrant is at rest, when the thaw comes, care for blackcurrant in spring begins with the removal of winter shelter. Being under a fiber or under a natural insulation for a long time, during a period of warming, does not allow the currant stalk to develop, nutrition is not supplied to the kidneys. As soon as the temperature has reached the limit of -15-18 degrees, you can remove the material from the shrub and remove the natural insulation.

The subtleties of caring for currants in the spring

Spring care for currants includes 4 main activities that affect the active development and nutrition of the plant and, as a result, crop yields.

Ways to prevent currants from diseases and pests

Processing currants from diseases and pests is an important spring care procedure.

Most best way get rid of pests hiding on the branches in the bark and cracks, dousing the shrub with boiling water. When watering, use a metal watering can with a scattering tip. Watering is carried out using the shower method, give preference not only to the lateral branches, but also to the central part of the currant.

Important! Dousing with boiling water should be carried out before the formation of kidneys begins. Otherwise, you can damage the plant.

Don't forget about chemicals, if infusions and decoctions did not cope with the task, fungicides will definitely destroy pests. This procedure should be carried out before flowering, preferably during the period of budding. Fungicides kill not only pests, but also beneficial insects. It is worth considering this when spraying shrubs.

Sanitary and formative pruning of currants in spring

Currant perfectly tolerates frost (depending on climatic conditions) with the help of shelter. Very coldy and temperature changes can damage and adversely affect some shoots. Damaged and broken branches will not bear fruit, they should not be protected. Early sanitary pruning blackcurrant, it is an integral part of spring care.

Branches older than 4 years of age will not bear fruit, so for the shrub they will be an additional burden. Such shoots are cut out completely.

Last year's shoots grow strongly in a year; the plant spends a lot of energy for their growth and development. Leave 6-7 of the strongest and strongest shoots on the bush, cut off the rest. The plant will develop harmoniously and will not be depleted. Finish the spring pruning with the formation of a crown, shorten the shoots by at least 1/3 of the length. Currant activates the growth of lateral buds.

When pruning, special attention should be paid to thickening or bumps. The swollen bark in the form of a pea speaks of a settled pest, a kidney mite. Bud mites often settle on the tips of branches, so it is better to cut off part of the infected shoot. Be sure to burn the cut parts, otherwise, the pest may spread throughout the site.

Spring dressing of currants is the key to a bountiful harvest

Fertilizing currants in spring is a necessary part of early care. After two years after planting the currant, the nutrient substrate being laid has had time to deplete, during this period it is necessary to start fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers. Urea or ammonium nitrate, leaders in nitrogen content. For each square meter, you need to add about 10 g of urea, or the same amount of ammonium nitrate.

If you want to achieve active shoot growth, resort to this trick: dissolve a teaspoon of boric acid in a bucket (12 liters) of warm water. Spray the currant bushes with the solution twice a week. The growth of shoots will not take long!

Blackcurrant fertilizing should be used with caution and not overdo it, otherwise you can get lush greenery instead of a crop.

Blackcurrant in the spring requires special, careful care. The implementation of all recommendations and the consistent implementation of care measures will allow you to enjoy a healthy look of the shrub and enjoy a plentiful, large crop of berries.

Spring is a key period in the care of the abodes of our gardens. At this time, it is especially important to help shrubs and trees recuperate after the winter cold and prepare for abundant fruiting. Black, red or white currants also need quality care.

Probably the first question that a novice gardener and gardener will have is why do bushes need quality care? After the winter cold, the plant is weakened, it needs to recover in order to begin sap flow, budding, and flowering with renewed vigor.

You need to start caring for plantings of black, white and red currants in the garden when The temperature will stay at least 5 degrees Celsius. Postponing care activities is not worth it, otherwise it may be too late (the buds will swell) and gardening activities will not be as effective, and some will no longer be possible to carry out.

By the way! Spring care for the red, white and black variety has no fundamental differences. Therefore, you can use the tips below, no matter what kind of shrub you have.

The main steps of spring care for currants

For high-quality care of the shrubs on the site, you must first remove the shelter (if you covered the plant for the winter), properly water, loosen, mulch, treat for diseases and pests, feed, cut. Consider the main currant care activities that should be performed in the spring.

Removing winter shelter

Sheltering currants for the winter is an extremely important element of care when growing crops in regions with cold, harsh winters. But it is also important not only how timely you cover the bush, but also how you remove the winter shelter.

First you need to carefully disassemble the materials with which the covering material was weighted, for example, pins, bricks, boards. Then you need to remove the material (for example, a film, agrofibre) and gently straighten the plant so that it takes its normal position.

Bushes should not be allowed to stay under cover for too long.. After all, the shrub can rot, besides, the shelter prevents the normal awakening and development of the plant. When the thaw comes, it already needs to be removed.

Watering

Complete and proper watering bushes is an indispensable and extremely important event in spring care. If the shrub lacks moisture, then it will not be possible to hope for a tasty and luxurious harvest.

In total, for the entire summer season, you need to water the shrub about 4-5 times. In the spring, watering should be carried out during the intensive growth of green mass.. Under one bush you need to make at least three to four buckets of water. For irrigation, it is necessary to use settled water (for example, in a barrel) at street temperature.

Advice! If a groove is made around the near-trunk circle along the diameter of the crown, having a depth of about 15-20 centimeters, then it is possible to water the bush with convenience - the water will not spread.

loosening

Loosening improves air exchange and moisture exchange in the soil, due to which oxygen is better supplied to the root system of the plant, the procedure makes the soil drained. Water also penetrates the soil better. Surface treatment is also necessary for spring care of berry crops.

Loosen the soil after watering. Loosening the soil around the currant should be carried out to a shallow depth - no more than 3-5 centimeters c, otherwise there is a risk of damage to the root system of the plant.

Weed removal

Weed grass can “encroach” on the trunk circle. And the shrub obviously does not need it - the weeds pull the blanket over themselves in terms of the consumption of nutrients in the soil, and interfere with the normal care of the plant. So weeds must be weeded along with the rhizome in a timely manner.

Mulching

Mulching the soil of the near-stem circle of the currant helps protect the shrub from the growth of weeds, enriches the soil with nutrients, protects against adverse conditions and influences, and maintains an optimal level of moisture for a long time.

The layer of mulch around the currants in spring should be 5-7 centimeters. As a mulching material, you can use sawdust, humus, peat, straw.

Treatment of diseases and pests with boiling water

You can not leave the bush to the mercy of fate, to the delight of pests and to be torn to pieces by diseases. Great option processing from unwanted "guests" of the garden will be treated with boiling water in early spring. Under influence high temperature pathogens and larvae of pests die.

Processing currants with boiling water should be carried out after the snow has melted(but you can carry out the procedure when the snow is still lying!) and before bud break. After they have bloomed, water hot water no longer possible!

Irrigation of the shrub should be carried out from a watering can. Water temperature - not lower than 60 and not higher than 75 degrees. Currants should be watered with boiling water in such a way that water flows in one place. no more than five seconds.

top dressing

Any shrub, growing in one place, feeds on the elements in the soil. Over time, the supply of such substances is depleted, the soil becomes poorer. If the currant lacks nutrients, then this will undoubtedly affect its fruiting. The berries will shrink, and their taste properties will become worse. Spring is a great time to replenish the balance of nutrients through the application of fertilizers.

After the snow melts and the long winter, the shrub is especially in need of nitrogen, so in the spring you should feed the bush with nitrogen fertilizers. This is necessary to activate the plant after hibernation and build up green mass. Feeding should be done before bud break. But you should not abuse nitrogen fertilizers, otherwise a rapid growth of green mass will begin to the detriment of fruiting.

In the end of May expedient to spraying 1% solution of superphosphate and potassium sulfate. Foliar treatment with a 0.01 solution of boric acid is also useful.

pruning

In spring, black, red and white currants need sanitary and shaping pruning shrub. The procedure helps to eliminate unnecessary broken, damaged, dried shoots.

It is necessary to prune the plant at the moment when the snow has melted, the air temperature is stable over 5 degrees Celsius, and there is no risk of return frosts.

It is necessary to eliminate the thickening shoots that grow deep into the bush. Cut off shoots that are older than four years, they will bear fruit poorly and there is no point in leaving them. Vertically stretched shoots need to be shortened up to 5-7 kidneys, manipulation allows you to form a crown.

Video: features of spring pruning of currants.

Attracting bees

Bees are amazing little creatures, thanks to which we can feast on fruits and berries. And of course, black, white and red currants are no exception. To attract a lot of bees to pollinate the shrub, you can plant flowers and plants next to the shrub that will appeal to insects and attract their attention. For example, peonies, honeysuckle, asters, verbena, buddley.

You can also spray the plant with a solution of honey - a tablespoon of honey is diluted in a liter of water.

You should not treat caring for berry bushes in the spring as a routine and difficult task. Such seasonal events are a noble occupation that will help you get a tasty, plentiful and healthy harvest in the future. You can make from the berries themselves delicious jam, compotes, marmalade, marshmallow, and from healthy and whole leaves you can make a healthy herbal drink.