How to insulate the walls of the house from the outside for a long time. The better to insulate the house from the outside

Heat leaves a private house not only through cracks in windows and doors - most of the heat energy flows through the surfaces of the floor, ceiling and walls, even if they are finished with materials that prevent the flow of cold air relatively well. To ensure the effective preservation of a constant temperature inside the room, it is recommended to insulate its walls from the outside with your own hands - and not only in the basement area, but also the surface of the entire facade.

Wall insulation options

It is possible to insulate a house not only outside, but also inside, but external insulation has a number of advantages. So, when choosing this method, insulation will not only protect the house from the cold, but the walls will also become less susceptible to aggressive environmental factors - primarily humidity and fluctuations in air temperature.
There is a wide range of materials for insulating the walls of a private house with your own hands, each of which is better suited for a particular situation and for certain operating conditions. You can use foam or more practical extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool or polyurethane foam.

Consider the basic technologies of insulation

As for insulation technologies, there are three of them:

• the simplest method is to glue the insulation to the surface of the facade or plinth, after which the heat-insulating material is covered with a layer of plaster for subsequent decorative finishes walls;
• three-layer walls without ventilation - an adhesive solution is applied to the base, insulation is fixed on it, then, observing the gap, a brick front finish one stone thick is erected;
• ventilated facade - a frame made of a galvanized profile or a wooden crate is installed on the wall, then the surface is covered with a layer of waterproofing, on which the insulation is fixed, after which the whole structure is covered with decorative plates of various materials.

The methods differ in their reliability, total cost and complexity of doing it yourself. In order for any of them to be carried out with high quality, you need to carefully study the nuances of insulation - in any case, the procedure for thermal insulation of a basement or facade is more complicated than finishing a floor or ceiling.

In addition, the method should be chosen based on the conditions in which the work is carried out. In winter, the only option is to design a ventilated wall, since this does not use adhesive solutions that cannot be diluted in the cold.

The nuances of choosing a warming material

Each of the thermal insulation materials on the market fully performs its functions, differing only in price and additional parameters, such as resistance to moisture and ignition. Unlike the floor or ceiling, which you can insulate with your own hands with almost anything, exterior finish the walls of the building should be carried out using one of the following materials:

• plates of dense foam or extruded polystyrene foam, characterized by a small mass;
• mineral wool;
• polyurethane foam;
• slabs of volcanic stone;
• cellulose wadding (ecowool).

To the differences in materials, you can also add such a parameter as vapor permeability, which is very important when finishing the exterior walls and basement. Steam should penetrate as freely as possible through the insulation so that the main wall does not begin to collapse ahead of time, and moisture does not condense inside the room. Because of this, when using XPS or foam, it is necessary to ensure good ventilation of the wall, since these materials do not pass steam well.

Although any of the materials provides a sufficient degree of thermal insulation of the house, their thermal conductivity indicators are different. This is due to the physical characteristics of the substances that make up the insulation. Depending on the value of these indicators, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is selected: the lower the thermal conductivity, the better material retains heat and the thinner the insulation layer can be.

The nuances of selecting the required thickness

The thickness of the plates of heat-insulating material, when finishing the walls of the facade and the basement outside the house, should be selected not only based on the parameters of the material, but also based on the relevant building codes and regulations. It is best to carry out calculations with a special design organization, but if the construction of the house is carried out completely with your own hands, it is quite possible to choose the thickness of the insulation yourself.

When calculating the amount of material in order to insulate the walls from the outside, it is necessary to take into account not only the heat loss of the facade or basement itself, but also heat leakage through windows, doors, floor and ceiling surfaces, especially if there is an unheated basement. Based on all the data, a decision is made on the thickness of the layer of a particular material.

It may turn out that a more expensive material becomes preferable due to its efficiency and, accordingly, a smaller amount required. So, you should not opt ​​for polystyrene foam, if you have to lay it in several layers in order to provide the necessary thermal insulation performance - it is better to buy several times less polyurethane foam.

Preparatory work

Before you start insulating the walls outside the house with your own hands, the base on which the heat-insulating material will be applied must be prepared so that the whole structure is reliable, efficient and durable.

If the insulation is not done during the construction of the house, the old wall finish on the outside must be cleaned, except when a ventilated facade is being installed. The decorative material that reinforces the layer of plaster and everything else is completely removed down to the base - as a result, a clean brick, wooden or foam concrete wall of the house should remain.

The following steps in the initial surface preparation are:

• The surface of the facade or plinth is leveled. If the height differences are insignificant, you can simply cover the facade with two layers of a strong primer with deep penetration. If the irregularities exceed 20 mm, you will have to level the surface cement mortar, which then also needs to be primed to protect it from destruction. When constructing a ventilated facade, the wall can be leveled using brackets.
• The beacon system is being installed. It is needed in order to lay the insulation in an even layer. Due to this, the heat-insulating layer will not interfere with the application of plaster and the installation of a decorative coating. Lighthouses are installed on plumb lines and checked by level. Their upper plane will become the boundary of the insulation layer outside the walls. Beacons are made of wooden battens or aluminum profiles and fixed to the base with long self-tapping screws or anchors.

After the preparation is completed, it will be possible to start laying the insulation with your own hands.

Installation of thermal insulation material

In general terms, finishing with one material or another is standard, but each of the heaters has its own characteristic installation nuances.

Mineral wool installation

When finishing the ceiling or floor inside the room, special fastening of rolls of cotton wool is not required - often it is simply glued to double-sided tape, and it holds perfectly. However, when insulating walls - a facade or a basement - outside the house you need more reliable way installation. In addition, the wool must be weatherproof.

In order for the mineral wool to hold, a frame of wooden slats is mounted on the base with their own hands. It is desirable to make the dimensions of the crate sectors such that the wool fits snugly into the space between the slats - that is, the frame elements should be installed in increments of a couple of centimeters smaller than the width of the insulation roll. Optionally, anchors can be screwed into the wall to provide a more secure hold of the material.

If the wall is uneven on the outside, it is best to use special mineral wool, which consists of two layers of different densities. Such cotton wool is laid with your own hands in a less dense layer against the wall, fits all the irregularities and provides the tightest fit of the insulation to the base. Thus, better insulation is provided.

In most situations, further finishing can be done in any convenient way. For example, a layer mineral wool can be covered with a special membrane that will protect the thermal insulation from moisture, then covered with a reinforcing mesh made of metal or fiberglass. After that, the wall is plastered and covered with a finishing finishing material - siding, stone tiles or facing bricks.

This method of insulation can be used not only with mineral wool, but also with some other heat-insulating materials - basalt or cellulose wool.

Anchoring Styrofoam or Extruded Styrofoam

The sequence of actions when installing polymer insulation boards with your own hands is as follows:

1. A metal profile is installed along the lower edge of the facade or plinth, which is needed to level the first layer of material.
2. Styrofoam or EPS boards are applied closely to the wall. A guideline for leveling the upper plane of the insulation are plumb lines lowered from the roof or tied to anchors screwed into the walls at ceiling level.
3. The gluing of the plates is carried out using special solutions - both dry adhesive mixtures and polyurethane adhesive can be used.
4. Subsequent layers are mounted after the previous one is firmly attached to the base. Each layer should move horizontally by a third or half of the slab. In addition, it is desirable to stack the plates as closely as possible to each other - for this, an angle can be cut on the side faces.
5. In addition to the glue, you need to use plastic dowels, which are fixed in the corners and in the center of each element of the heat-insulating layer. To save fasteners, you can fix two corners of adjacent foam plates with one dowel at once.
6. The joints are covered with putty and glued with mounting reinforcing tape or filled with polystyrene foam or special foam (but not ordinary mounting foam, its use is not recommended).
7. Before finishing, the insulation layer is covered with a reinforcing mesh and a layer of plaster.

Most often, polymeric materials are used to insulate the outside of a concrete or brick wall, basement, since such a finish adheres best to these surfaces. It is better to insulate wooden houses with cotton wool, since polystyrene foam and similar materials will lead to wood decay and mold due to low vapor permeability.

There is a wide choice of heaters for wooden houses, they can be used to insulate the house from the outside, and some even inside the house. Which types are suitable for frame house? Which is the best, consider their characteristics in this article! Correctly carried out will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.

When it is done correctly, then under its “protection” it will not only be warmer in the house in winter, but also noticeably cooler in summer.

Installation of insulation will create a comfortable microclimate in a room for any purpose - in a residential building, office or production workshop.

In addition, saving heat is an obvious financial savings. It is completely unreasonable to heat the street, given that the technologies used today provide an opportunity to start saving energy resources already at the initial stage of construction work. Most of all, those parts of the building that are more adjacent to external environment- , and .

The material produced in this way has excellent properties, besides it is not combustible, and therefore does not pose a fire hazard. But a huge part of the wonderful qualities of a heater can be irretrievably lost when it gets wet. This should be taken into account.

Cotton wool stone

stone wool

This is a fibrous material that goes on sale in the form of rolls and portioned plates, and has an extremely low thermal conductivity.

The highest quality product is made from rocks called gabbro-basalt. This non-combustible material is used with equal success in the construction of private facilities and the construction of various production facilities. A wide range of use is also explained by the possibility of its use at extremely high t, reaching a rate of one thousand degrees.

The insulation's complete immunity to fire is complemented by its excellent moisture resistance. This hydrophobic material, the peculiarity of which is that it does not absorb water, but repels it.

This ensures that the insulation remains dry even after a long period of time. This, in turn, will allow her to maintain her high working qualities. The unique properties of basalt wool make it possible to use it even in boiler rooms, baths and saunas, where both high humidity and high temperature are combined. Strength in this case is not directly dependent on the density of the material.

This is a fairly soft material, while having a sufficient margin of safety. Its structural stability is due to the special arrangement of the individual constituent fibers - chaotic and vertical. The material has high anti-corrosion properties.

It can quite peacefully coexist with concrete and metal, without the occurrence different kind chemical reactions. High biological stability provides it with immunity to various biological pests: damage by insects and rodents, the occurrence of fungal diseases,

The basalt insulation passed the combustion test, but the organic heaters burned out

Basalt rock is the main raw material for the production of this type of wool.. Treatment with formaldehyde resins gives the material a sufficient level of strength, and the materials used modern technologies guarantee the complete elimination of harmful phenols even at the stage of material production.

The final product that reaches the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.

It is actively used for warming floors of residential and industrial premises, for thermal insulation of roofs and facades, including as an external insulation.

It has found wide application in rooms with extreme levels of humidity and temperature. The best basalt insulation, stone wool made of rocks - a guarantee of high quality for a long time.

Glass wool

The missing 7% is accounted for by specially added flame retardants. Insulation fibers contain lignin, which becomes sticky with increasing humidity. All elements included in the insulation are non-toxic, absolutely non-volatile and harmless to health. Cellulose insulation is not amenable to combustion, rotting processes, has excellent soundproofing and heat-insulating performance.

It can retain approximately 20% humidity while maintaining its working qualities. The material releases moisture to the outside and dries quickly, retaining all its performance. The disadvantage of ecowool can be considered the difficulty of its manual application to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging a “floating floor” due to its inherent softness.

Penoizol

Another name for the material is carbamide foam. This is a modern material with high sound and heat insulating characteristics, which is a cheap insulation. It is a cellular organic foam with particularly low density and low thermal conductivity. The material has a high resistance to fire, resistance to microorganisms, low price. It is easy to handle and has an air content of up to 90%.

Insulation of the attic with penoizol

The tests carried out demonstrated the capabilities of the material. It turned out that the time of its operation, as the middle layer of the structure of the frame structure, is actually not limited by anything. Tests of its fire resistance showed that the material can be safely classified as slow-burning.

This is the only heat-insulating material of polymer nature used, which is not at all adapted to self-combustion. Its fire resistance index refers it to the G2 flammability subgroup.

Even if the highest temperature occurs during a fire, when the metal begins to melt, the carbide foam will only evaporate, and without releasing toxic or harmful substances.

Isocom

This is a special foil material (on both sides or only on one). It is a fabric made of polyethylene foam, covered on the outside with a highly polished aluminum foil. This is a multi-layered vapor, sound and heat insulating material that combines completely different qualities.

With a minimum thickness of the insulating layer, it provides excellent heat reflection properties, successfully combined with the highest (almost maximum) thermal resistance. For a correctly installed material, it is characteristic exclusively effective thermal insulation buildings along its entire contour.

It is a harmless, environmentally friendly material that does not pose a threat to the ozone layer. It does not contain glass or other fibers that are unsafe for human and animal health.

Without changing its exceptional properties, it serves for about 50 years, without deforming or being damaged during all this time.

Installation is quite simple and very convenient: it does not require special equipment. Excellent protection against steam and moisture. Used almost everywhere.

Are you planning to reduce heating costs due to proper thermal insulation, but do not yet know what is the best way to insulate the house from the outside and how to choose an affordable material with excellent characteristics? Below we will consider the most popular options for insulation for the exterior walls of a house, suitable for thermal insulation of buildings made of wood, brick, and even foam blocks. But first, a little about the advantages of thermal insulation.

External insulation of the house - what is it for?

Scientific studies regarding the analysis of heat losses during the operation of the house have shown that they are about 40%, and in some cases even more. Already only this argument can be considered sufficient to think about the insulation of the house. Of course, thermal insulation is the cost of materials and work on its implementation, but already in the first heating season they will justify themselves.

External insulation is better than internal insulation for several reasons:

• there will be no need to sacrifice the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, which will decrease significantly when installing internal thermal insulation;
• the heat-insulating layer will not accumulate condensate;
• heat loss will be minimal;
• sound insulation performance will improve.

It should be understood that in winter, the house is susceptible to frost, so condensation inevitably forms in the insulation inside it. The material becomes damp, resulting in the formation of mold and fungi. Moreover, wet heaters cope worse with the functions assigned to them. During the summer, the insulation dries out, but not completely, which results in premature wear of the facade walls.

As a result of external insulation, the house is protected from frost, so the moisture that enters the thermal insulation layer is quickly removed to the outside, which allows you to keep the walls dry and extend their service life.

External insulation reduces the level of external noise, contributing to the creation of the most comfortable environment for staying in the house.

As for the shortcomings, only one can be distinguished from the insulation from the outside - these are the costs of materials and installation work. Of course, you can save on paying for the services of workers and carry out thermal insulation with your own hands, but only if the installation rules are followed, which will guarantee the durability and functionality of the thermal insulation system.

Types of insulation for the facade of the house

The market of materials for thermal insulation of the walls of the house from the outside is represented by:

More often than others, due to convenience and practicality, it is used precisely mineral wool. Material is different high thermal insulation, fireproof. In addition, mineral wool retains its original properties during temperature changes, is not affected by moisture and damage caused by insect attacks. For the manufacture of mineral wool, waste from blast furnaces and mineral fibres. You can choose for yourself a convenient material option - in rolls or plates.

glass wool- a kind of mineral wool, practically indistinguishable from it in properties. Just like the previous material, it is made on the basis of waste, only this time, generated during the glass production process.

When using glass wool, it is important to reliably protect hands and eyes with a mask and gloves.

Distinctive feature polystyrene foam is a porous structure. It is she who is responsible for the excellent thermal insulation qualities of the material. Expanded polystyrene plates consist of mini cells with air, which prevent the material from rotting and do not absorb moisture. You can insulate the house from the outside with polystyrene foam with your own hands - the process is simple, fast, does not require skill and experience.

An interesting option for insulating the walls of a house from the outside is fiberglass, which is produced on the basis of broken glass, as well as sand, limestone and other components.

The material is produced in plates and rolls. Mounting it is simple and fast. Also, the advantages can be considered environmental friendliness and resistance to moisture.

Not so long ago, ecowool began to be used for thermal insulation. made from cellulose fibres. Features of the material are high rates of thermal protection and resistance to moisture. Ecowool is resistant to fungi and mold, does not attract insects and mice.

How to choose the right material for thermal insulation?

Most often, the owners decide to insulate the house from the outside with polystyrene foam, believing that this material will better cope with the role of external insulation. The decision in most cases is dictated by the low cost of the material, which is several times cheaper than mineral wool and its analogues. In addition, as mentioned above, you can insulate the facade of the house with polystyrene foam with your own hands, saving on paying for the services of craftsmen.

In order to achieve optimal thermal insulation of the facade of the building, sheets with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm can be used.

The finished foam-insulated house is additionally lined using modern Decoration Materials, ranging from cement plaster to panels with imitation of stone, brick or wood.

The only type of material for which polystyrene foam is not suitable for insulation outside is wood.

Firstly, for natural wood, such a heater is not vapor-permeable enough, and secondly, it is too combustible. Not the most suitable option using expanded polystyrene is also considered in the case of a ventilated facade due to the need for precise adjustment during installation. The average service life of polystyrene as a heater is 25 years.

Ecowool

Mineral wool in addition to excellent thermal insulation, it is responsible for improved sound insulation, which is why it would be advisable to use it for warming houses in the city. But basalt wool is considered the most suitable for insulating the outer walls of city houses. Mice will not damage it, it copes well with mechanical stress and will last at least 50 years.

Glass wool for insulation today is not the most suitable option, despite the excellent performance of thermal protection and affordable price. The main reason for the low popularity of insulation is the complex installation and fragility of the material. In addition, the components that are hazardous to health repel people.

The best option for thermal insulation is ecowool material that is fashionable today. It is better to use it for warming private houses and cottages, a heater is also suitable for thermal insulation. industrial buildings, warehouses, factories. The material perfectly copes with the insulation of the house, does not burn, is resistant to moisture.

Alternative insulation - varieties of materials

For those who are not accustomed to following the standard path, alternative insulation options have been developed for the house outside. These include:

• warm plaster;
• liquid foam.

liquid foam

Liquid foam is prepared before insulating the house on site using special equipment. After being applied to the outside of the house, it forms a practical and reliable thermal insulation. If penoizol cannot be applied to the base in a uniform layer, then you can try to arrange voids on the wall, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, and then fill them with liquid material. Such insulation expensive pleasure, but believe me, after a few seasons, the savings on heating will justify the costs.

The use of warm plaster as a material for thermal insulation is a profitable and convenient option, given that it will be possible not only to insulate the building, but also to work on creating its exclusive appearance. To insulate materials, it is not necessary to bring the walls to an ideal state with the help of putty mixtures.

How to properly install insulation on the facade?

Thermal insulation can be of two types: bonded and hinged. Bonded thermal insulation is very popular, which, compared to hinged ones, is cheaper and more economical, in addition, it allows you to decently reduce heat consumption during the operation of the house. Materials for bonded thermal insulation are used light and easy to install, therefore they are suitable for thermal insulation of any type of base.

Before warming, the house is cleaned, leveled as much as possible with the help of special mixtures. Materials for insulation are coated with glue, after which they are firmly pressed into the wall. For greater effect, the plates are fixed with facade dowels. In order for the structure to serve as much as possible, a reinforcing mesh is used, which is also attached to the heaters with glue. The final layer can be a plaster mixture or paint. As an option, siding is also suitable - durable, lightweight with imitation of various natural materials.

In conclusion, we note that the thermal insulation of external walls is an excellent way to prevent heat loss, while creating a comfortable and cozy atmosphere in the room, protecting the house from external influences and extending its life.

The better to insulate the house from the outside: helpful tips

Variants of heaters for thermal insulation of the most demanded on the market. Features of the most popular heaters. An alternative to traditional outdoor insulation. Features of installation of heaters.

What is the best way to insulate a house from the outside?

“Nature has no bad weather” is sung in one comedy, but you know that in winter, when the thermometer is -20 ° C, you are not laughing. In severe frost, all hope is for central heating. It struggles with the cold, but sometimes frosts win. Residents of old houses are especially affected, because before they did not pay due attention to the insulation of the walls of the house.

Scheme of wall insulation under siding.

Today there are many construction firms, which will help you insulate houses and apartments. They offer interior and exterior insulation with various materials.

The first question that arises is to insulate the wall from the inside or outside?

You can choose any option, but it is more expedient and better to insulate the wall of the house from the outside.

This approach has a couple of advantages: first, you save inner space room, which is always lacking. Secondly, you do not have to change the interior of the room, the relief of the walls and wallpaper.

Any additional insulation is better than nothing, but approach the choice of insulation material rationally. You need to take into account all the factors, the features of your home, the price and volume of the material. The market offers several options for insulating the walls of the house from the outside:

• Styrofoam;
• basalt wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• mineral wool;
• polyurethane foam;
• fiberglass;
• cellulose insulation.

External wall insulation with foam

Glass wool wall insulation.

Styrofoam is popular in wall insulation, as it is inexpensive and does a good job of insulating its function. There are also opponents of polystyrene, who claim that it is harmful and vapor-tight. Due to poor vapor permeability, windows fog up in the apartment, this can be solved with the help of a hood. Make sure that the hoods in the bathroom, toilet and kitchen function well.

Before starting work with foam, close up all cracks in the wall of the house, and then prime it. Make sure that the wall after fixing the foam on it is even. It is better to do the job right once than to go back and redo it again.

External wall insulation with basalt wool

Basalt wool is an excellent and high-quality heat insulator. It is made from natural materials so it is safe for health. If you have children, you are afraid for their health, then choose basalt wool. This wool strengthens the walls of apartments, private houses, air ducts, boilers, stoves and boilers. This material is not only a heat insulator, it also prevents the penetration of extraneous noise into the room.

Basalt wool is pressed into basalt slabs, which are then used for external insulation of the house wall. This material is not afraid of either water or fire, it retains heat well, and it is also durable. For wall insulation outside the house, choose high-density basalt slabs. The weight of the insulation is large, so the fasteners must be reliable, it is better to entrust this matter to professionals so that the result exceeds expectations.

External wall insulation with polystyrene foam

Scheme of wall insulation with foam.

Expanded polystyrene is more expensive than polystyrene, but retains heat better. The miser pays twice, so think twice before choosing cheaper material. The minus of expanded polystyrene is poor vapor permeability, so mold forms on the walls of the house and an unpleasant smell comes from it. Sometimes mice can live in polystyrene foam. The main advantage of this heater is its lightness, it is convenient to use because of its low weight.

Before you start working with polystyrene foam, you need to make the walls smooth from the outside, repair all cracks and defects. Your task is not perfect flat wall, but as close as possible to the ideal, so that the insulation material fits snugly against the outer wall. Start laying the material from the bottom up, the rows should be horizontal and fit snugly against each other and against the walls of the house.

External wall insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool perfectly insulates walls, passes air well, does not ignite, has waterproof properties, and is environmentally friendly. This material is more expensive than the above heaters. In addition to this drawback, remember that mineral wool is heavy. The weight of this material greatly complicates the work of builders. It is pressed into mats, with which the walls are further insulated from the outside. It is better to use two-layer mineral wool: one layer is soft and the other is hard. You need to install it with the soft side to the wall, and the hard side out. The thickness of the insulation must be at least 10 cm, otherwise the room will not be as warm in winter as we would like.

Mineral wool will save your walls from fungi and mold. In winter, it will warm your house, and in summer it will perfectly keep cool.

External wall insulation with polyurethane foam (PPU)

Polyurethane foam is popular in the construction world, as it has high functionality. They insulate the walls of the house, the foundation of the building and the roof. PPU is a good heat insulator and sound insulator. If you decide to use this material, then get ready for the fact that it will be with you for 25-30 years. PPU is durable, easy to repair, easy to install and transport. He is not afraid of mice and insects, he is perfect for warming wooden walls and any other surfaces.

Exterior wall insulation with fiberglass

For external wall insulation, fiberglass is sold in rolls or mats. Decide first what width you need, based on this, buy the appropriate sizes of fiberglass. Fiberglass is an excellent material, which is recycled glass in filaments under special conditions. The thickness of fiberglass is approximately 5 cm. In order to insulate the house from the outside, it is better to use two layers of fiberglass. One layer will be vertical and the other horizontal. Fiberglass must be laid so that the joints of the first layer overlap with the second layer.

Cellulose insulation (CU)

One of the main positive qualities of cellulose insulation is environmental friendliness. The second thing to note is the relatively low price and availability. CU is suitable for any surface: concrete, wood, metal, brick, etc. Cellulose insulation covers not only the outer walls of houses, but also attics and attics.

TsU differs in the method of application from other heaters. This material is laid or sprayed on the required wall. The advantage of this application is that there are no seams left in the insulation and heat leakage is impossible.

Knowing how you can insulate a house, what insulation materials are, you can easily choose the right option. Analyze all factors and choose the most rational solution. Seek advice from a professional, entrust him with the installation. Any material will contribute to the fact that your room will be warmer in winter. In winter, you will save on heating the apartment. It is better to insulate the walls well once and pay money for it, and then rejoice for many years.

The better to insulate the house from the outside: a description of the materials

What is the best way to insulate the house from the outside, what material is best for your walls? Styrofoam is popular in wall insulation, as it is inexpensive and does a good job of insulating its function.

The better to insulate the house from the outside: choose a heater

Surely the residents of apartment buildings are a little jealous of those who live outside the city in a private building. Own living space, garden, fresh air- everyone's dream. Alas, not everything is so simple, because the harsh Russian winters force you to carefully insulate your home to avoid freezing. This implies impressive investments and constant monitoring of the state of the heat-insulating material, from which residents of city houses are exempted.

Warming your home is preferable to using a dozen heaters - you can save money and make your home more comfortable. It is known that there are two ways of thermal insulation of a private building - from the outside and from the inside. Experienced experts recommend using both, but it is primarily worth taking care of external insulation. About what material is best suited for certain houses - further.

Requirements for thermal insulation material

The consumer is not threatened with a long search for good products - the market is saturated with goods different manufacturers, so in any hardware store you can choose a decent heater. However, before buying, it is necessary to analyze the material in question for its physical and chemical properties. These include:

• thermal conductivity coefficient (characterizes the ability of the insulation to conduct or retain air; the lower the indicator, the better - you do not have to use a thick layer of material);
• moisture absorption coefficient (indicates the ability of the material to absorb water as a percentage by weight; the higher the indicator, the less durable the insulation);
• density (based on the value, you can determine how much the material will make the house heavier);
• resistance to fire (there are 4 classes of flammability; the first one (G1) is most preferable, which stops burning without an open source of fire);
• environmental friendliness (not the most important indicator for consumers, and in vain - to preserve the health of family members, it is worth choosing only natural material from natural components that do not emit impurities into the atmosphere and do not contain synthetic elements);
• durability (the service life of the insulation set by the manufacturer);
• hygroscopicity (the ability to absorb vapor from the air);
• resistance to pests (insects, rodents, birds);
• soundproofing properties;
• ease of installation (insulation should be fixed quickly, with a minimum set of tools; also, a minimum amount of additional work should be done with it, such as cutting into even pieces).

It is difficult to choose a material that would have all the desirable qualities. For this reason, it is possible and necessary to carry out insulation outside and inside.

Advantages of external thermal insulation

The question of warming a private house from the outside arises in two cases - at the design stage of a building or when buying a finished one, but at the same time not having decent thermal insulation. The second situation is more common. What are the benefits of insulating a home from the outside? These include:

• reduced wall deformability due to additional protection;
• the facade perceives sharp temperature fluctuations; as a result, the service life of the building will be extended;
• freedom in choosing the design of the facade, even when the building is erected;
• the area of ​​​​the interior remains unchanged; this allows you to carry out any kind of decoration, and living conditions will remain the same.

Ways of external insulation of the house

The need and benefits of thermal insulation from the outside are obvious; now the consumer should familiarize himself with the methods of insulation. There are three of these:

• "well" arrangement of the material;
• "wet" insulation with gluing;
• ventilated facade.

In the first case, the insulation is placed inside the walls (for example, between layers of bricks). It turns out that it is "locked" between two levels. The method is effective, but it is impossible to implement it for an already built house.

In the second case, the insulation layer is fixed to the glue on the outside of the walls, then additionally attached to the dowels. Several types of coatings are applied on top - reinforcing, intermediate, decorative (finishing). Good way, only requires the intervention of specialists; Do-it-yourself wet wall insulation is impossible without experience.

The ventilated facade resembles a “well” masonry, only the outer layer is the facing material - drywall, tiles, siding, etc. Additionally, you will have to build a frame system for attaching heat insulator sheets.

The last method is the most popular, common and profitable. It will cost much less than "wet" insulation; in addition, even a beginner will be able to do the work with their own hands. Now the consumer faces the most difficult choice.

Existing materials can be divided into two large groups - organic (of natural origin) and inorganic (obtained using special materials and equipment).

Types and advantages of inorganic heaters

The first place in the list rightfully belongs to the most popular material - mineral wool. It is of three types - stone (basalt), glass and slag. Differing from each other only externally, varieties of mineral wool have the following qualities:

• low coefficient of thermal conductivity (0.03 - 0.045);
• density variations (from 20 to 200 kg/m3);
• excellent soundproofing properties;
• vapor permeability (mineral wool can "breathe");
• fire resistance.

It is not without a number of disadvantages, including:

• attraction for rodents and insectoids;
• deterioration of thermal insulation characteristics by 50% when only 3-5% of the volume is wet;
• never completely dries out.

In general, mineral wool is good, but it is highly undesirable to use it for cladding a house from the outside.

The second known external insulation is foam. Its advantages:

• the heat conductivity coefficient is slightly lower than that of mineral wool (0.03 - 0.037);
• costs less than other heaters;
• easy;
• density from 11 to 40 kg/m3.

• fragility;
• release of toxic substances during fire;
• does not “breathe”, which forces residents to build additional supply and exhaust ventilation;
• when directly wet, it absorbs moisture, becoming unusable.

Extruded polystyrene foam is not inferior in thermal conductivity to mineral wool and polystyrene. In addition, he:

• does not absorb moisture;
• convenient for installation, because it is produced in plates;
• stronger than foam
• almost does not pass air.

• flammable;
• when burned, it releases harmful substances.

There is another type of raw material used for external thermal insulation of the walls of the house - "warm" plasters. They are a mixture of balls (formed by glass, cement and hydrophobic additives). They “breathe”, isolate the room from moisture, do not burn, are not afraid of sunlight, and are easy to repair. Not very common on the market, however, experienced consumers have already appreciated this insulation.

Varieties and benefits of organic materials

For those who want to feel as close to nature as possible, it is recommended to use raw materials from natural ingredients. These include:

• cork heaters - have a thermal insulation coefficient of 0.045 - 0.06; are crushed tree bark, compressed under the influence of hot steam and resin as a binding element; easy to cut, "breathe", do not form mold, non-toxic; today they are increasingly used to insulate walls from the outside);
• cellulose wool (ecowool) - thermal conductivity from 0.032 to 0.038; are crushed cellulose, treated with flame retardants to improve fire-fighting properties; properties resemble cork materials, but absorb liquid better; do not withstand heavy loads and are not suitable for wall cladding;
• hemp - supplied in plates, rolls, mats based on hemp fibers; does not hold the load well, although it is quite dense (20-60 kg / m3);
• straw - an old way of thermal insulation of the walls of the house; breathable material treated with flame retardants to reduce flammability; today it is practically not used;
• algae - an exotic method of sheathing exterior walls; density up to 80 kg / m3, do not burn, do not rot, do not arouse interest in rodents, are resistant to mold and fungus. Best suited for light walls.

Preferred insulation for home cladding

Each material has pros and cons. Based on the information presented above, it is possible to compile a symbolic rating of the most quality materials for the walls of the house (the first is the most preferred, etc.). It is also worth considering the type of facade design.

For ventilated systems, cotton wool is better suited - mineral, cellulose. When laying wells, give preference to a material that does not allow moisture to pass through. This is extruded polystyrene foam. Plaster wall decoration goes well with insulation, whose density is more than 30 kg / m3. For example, with mineral wool, PPS, polystyrene, any organic material.

For light walls wooden house breathable material is better - mineral wool, hemp, ecowool, cork insulation. The former is preferable, but costs a little more.

A country house should be of high quality sheathed with reliable material. The consumer can choose any of the previously discussed, guided by their wishes or financial capabilities. A competent approach to the acquisition of insulation is the key to a long service life of a cozy home.

We warm the house from the outside - the pros and cons of materials

An overview of materials that can be used to insulate a house from the outside. Pros and cons of heat insulators, features of mounting insulation on walls.

How to insulate a house from the outside - the best materials and methods of insulation

To keep your home warm winter period it is necessary to conduct insulation of the entire structure. Materials should be selected in such a way that they do not carry additional load on the house. In this article, we will analyze the better to insulate the house from the outside, what technologies and recommendations should be followed.

Advantages of external thermal insulation

At the time of designing the house, you should consider the insulation of the entire building from the outside. The main advantages of insulation:

• due to additional protection, the deformation of the walls is reduced;
• the facade part tolerates sharp temperature changes well, which increases its service life;
• the area of ​​all interior spaces remains unchanged.

Types of insulation materials

To understand which material is best suited for external thermal insulation, it is necessary to analyze all the advantages and disadvantages of each. The main nuances when choosing products are their thermal conductivity, moisture resistance and vapor conductivity. Modern materials for warming the house outside allow you to perform all the work efficiently and get the desired result. Types of heaters:

• < Пенопласт - материал, состоящий из вспененного полистирола, внутри которого находятся пузырьки воздуха. Выпускают его в виде плит разного размера. По своим характеристикам обладает высокой влагостойкостью и хорошей изоляцией. Недостатком является его уязвимость к солнечным лучам, легко воспламеняется и способен выделять вредные вещества.

Important! For high-quality foam insulation, take care of a good forced ventilation system.

• Mineral wool is a material consisting of fibers. It is produced in the form of rolls or plates. The positive characteristics include: good steam and sound insulation and high resistance to fire. Among the shortcomings, it should be noted that the possibility of absorbing moisture, which leads to a decrease in insulating qualities, also rodents can appear in this material.
• Penoplex is a modern material made of expanded polystyrene. It is produced in the form of plates that have high vapor permeability, are resistant to fire and have low thermal conductivity. Due to the fact that the plates practically absorb little moisture, it can be used under any climatic conditions. Installation does not require the use of special equipment, the plates are perfectly cut with a knife and are easy to mount.
• Polyurethane foam is an ecological material produced in the form of a liquid insulation, which eliminates the formation of cracks. Using this material, bridges can form that can form condensate, from which the walls will begin to dampen. It tolerates frost and is heat resistant.
• Basalt slab - a product made from basalt fibers, it is produced in the form of a rectangular slab. The advantages include: high thermal insulation, the material does not burn, has good soundproofing, is resistant to moisture and high temperatures. It is also worth noting that the basalt slab is not subject to the process of decay and rodents do not start in it. With proper installation of plates, their service life can reach 100 years.

External insulation methods

Experts use several effective methods for high-quality thermal insulation of the house:

• the insulating material is fixed to the front part with building glue, after which the entire plane is plastered;
• three non-ventilated layers are laid on the wall, after which the insulation is fixed to the solution; then leave the airspace and lay the wall in one brick;
• mount the facade together with ventilation, i.e. a layer of insulation is applied to the waterproofing and sheathed with siding or other material.

Such methods are able to maintain and create comfort in winter, as well as significantly save money on energy resources. The reasons for insulation can be different, for example, cracks or a poor heating system. For wall insulation, all work must be done from the outside, because. laying insulation inside the house will block the access of heat to the wall. Lack of wall heat will lead to condensation, moisture, dampness and mold growth. Each of the described methods of home insulation has its own technological features and is produced at different times of the year.

How to prepare exterior walls?

When you already know exactly what material will be used to insulate the building, you need to preparatory work. The stages of preparation consist of the following actions:

• a layer of material is removed from the outer wall;
• level all cracks, crevices or depressions with a mortar;
• clean the wall of debris, excessive dust;
• everything is carefully primed with a deep penetration solution;
• for even laying of the insulation, beacons and plumb lines are set, this will allow you to qualitatively finish the building;
• anchors are fixed to the upper edges of the wall, on which the cord is pulled and lowered, this is necessary to fix the reference point when mounting the frame and heat-insulating material.

All steps should be performed without haste, because. the result will depend on it.

Insulation with mineral wool and foam

To date, the materials in demand are mineral wool and polystyrene. This is due to the fact that they have almost the same laying method, and they also have similar technical characteristics.

Foam application

When using foam, the wall must be thoroughly dried. A dry wall is an important point for external insulation. If the design is dry, we take a sheet of the product and fix it to the plane with glue. In order for the plates to be laid out evenly, it is necessary to fix the finishing bar at the bottom of the wall. As soon as the adhesive is applied to the surface of the plate, it is pressed against the wall. Dowels can be used to firmly fix the plates. The evenness of the laying is checked using the building level and plumb lines. If the first layer is laid out evenly, you can start laying the next one. In the window and door openings, a frame is installed to which the insulation is fixed. Joints and seams are sealed with reinforced tape, after which the entire surface is reinforced plaster mesh. In the end, the entire surface is primed and plastered.

The use of mineral wool

Mineral wool great option for houses made of brick, wood or foam block. For high-quality insulation, a rack frame is used. For this, the spreading method is used, i.e. the distance between the slats must be less than the width of the slab. Thus, the insulation will fit tightly between the frame rack. For a wooden house uneven surface use two-layer boards. A loose layer of insulating material is perfectly attached to an uneven wooden surface.

Expert advice! To obtain a greater effect of insulation with mineral wool, polyethylene should be used.

For cladding, as a rule, use siding, decorative brickwork and other building materials.

In order to choose the right materials for warming the house outside, carefully study all the information about each type of product, consult with experts or read the forums. In any case, for high-quality plating country house, be guided by your wishes, financial capabilities and the opinion of professionals. Remember, good insulation is the key to long-term operation, warmth and comfort in your home.

The better to insulate the house from the outside: materials for thermal insulation of walls

Types of materials for warming the house outside. Advantages, disadvantages and methods of external insulation. The use of mineral wool and polystyrene for walls.

The question is how to insulate private house, can occur in two cases: the first - at the stage of designing a new house, the second - when an already built house is bought, which requires significant improvements in order to be comfortable for living. Within the framework of this article, we will tell you which heat-insulating material can be chosen for a particular design, where to start with insulation, how to insulate all the structural parts of the house.

Thermal insulation materials for a private house

The modern market is saturated with various thermal insulation materials. When choosing what material to insulate a private house with your own hands, pay attention to the following characteristics:

• Coefficient of thermal conductivity(hereinafter simply "λ", W/(m K)). The lower it is, the better. More precisely, the smaller the layer of this insulation will have to be used.
• Water absorption coefficient(% by weight). Shows how much the material is able to absorb moisture. Accordingly, the higher this indicator, the more likely it is that in some designs this insulation will lose its properties in a short time. The lower this indicator, the better.
• Density(kg/m3). Shows the mass of the insulation, this allows you to calculate how much it makes the structure heavier and whether it is able to withstand such a weight.
• Flammability class. There are classes from G1 to G4. For insulation of residential premises it is better to use materials of class G1, they cease to burn without an open flame source.
• Environmental friendliness. In fact, this parameter may not be important for some. But if you care about your health and the health of your family, then you can try to choose the most natural material that does not release any substances into the air and does not contain synthetic impurities or binders.
• Durability material.
• Steam capacity.
• Difficulty of installation.
• Soundproofing ability.

Materials from inorganic raw materials

(λ=0.041 - 0.044 W/(m·K)) is a fibrous material similar to cotton wool obtained from various rocks or slags. The form of release is in rolls or plates. There are also products of various densities, from 20 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3. This allows you to choose exactly the type of cotton wool that is needed in a given situation.

In addition, any cotton wool dampens airborne noise well and has amazing soundproofing characteristics, in addition it is vapor-permeable (“breathes”). Does not burn, but rodents can start in it.

The main and main disadvantage of any wool as a heater is that it is able to absorb up to 70% of moisture. And despite the fact that having already absorbed 2%, it loses 50% of its insulating properties and will never dry out completely, using it to insulate external structures: an unprotected facade or roof is just madness.

Styrofoam or Styrofoam(λ=0.033 - 0.037 W/(m K)) - a lot of plastic balls connected to each other by a press or non-press method, inside of which the air is closed. To obtain such a gas-filled plastic using hot molding. This material is produced only in slabs, but it can be of various densities, from 11 to 35 kg / m3. Styrofoam is a fragile material, does not withstand heavy loads, burns, while releasing toxic gases, and also collapses under the action of sunlight.

Despite the fact that the foam is well insulated, while gaining little moisture, it also has a significant drawback: it does not "breathe", which means that a serious supply and exhaust system will have to be installed in the house. ventilation system. Also, expanded polystyrene still gains moisture when directly wet. In this case, it becomes absolutely unsuitable for further use.

Or EPPS(λ=0.028 - 0.032 W/(m K)) - closed cells of polystyrene with air. This material practically does not absorb moisture at all and does not allow air to pass through. Available in boards for easy installation. The main advantage of extruded polystyrene foam in relation to polystyrene is greater strength. At the same time, it also “does not breathe”, burns and emits toxic gases.

Important! Manufacturers claim that some brands of foam plastics and extruded polystyrene foam do not emit any substances even when smoldering or burning, in practice this is not entirely true.

Here we have reviewed the most popular materials that are recommended primarily by all specialists in the insulation of private houses. If you are not satisfied with the prospect of living in a modern synthetic thermos, you can consider other materials below.

"Warm" plasters(λ=0.065 W/(m K)) are a mixture that includes small balls (1 - 2 mm) of foamed glass, white cement and various additives that increase adhesion, hydrophobizing, vaporizing and others. Foamed glass balls give the mixture increased thermal insulation properties.

"Warm" plasters "breathe", do not let moisture through (serve as waterproofing), do not burn.

In fact, this material immediately serves as sound insulation, thermal insulation, waterproofing, while it is not afraid of sunlight, fire, moisture (does not pass through), vapor-permeable, and can be repaired.

Materials from organic raw materials - natural

(λ=0.045 - 0.06 W/(m K)) are made from cork oak bark (solid) or recycled cork chips. The manufacturing principle is as follows: the cork, crushed to a state of powder, is processed under high pressure with hot steam, then pressed into molds using a binder - natural resin, after hardening, it remains only to cut into plates.

Cork "breathes", i.e. it passes air, mold and other fungi do not form on it, but it ignites. True, when burned, it does not emit any toxic substances.

Cork insulation can cover roofs, ceilings, exterior and interior walls and floors.

Ecowool or cellulose wadding(λ=0.032 - 0.038 W / (m K)) is made from recycled waste paper without the addition of synthetic binders, the only thing is that it is treated with flame retardants to reduce the fire hazard.

Cellulose insulation "breathe", resistant to the formation of mold or other fungi, but absorb moisture well, which means that they require protection from water. The material in the form of wool does not withstand mechanical stress, so it makes sense to use it for warming attics. Rigid heaters are also made from paper, but with the addition of binders.

(λ=0.04 - 0.05 W/(m·K)) serves as a raw material for the production of many heat-insulating materials based on hemp fibers. The release form is different: mats, plates, rolls, individual fibers that can be used to seal gaps. To reduce the fire hazard, boron salts are added to the material. Despite the fact that the density of the material is 20 - 68 kg / m3, hemp does not withstand pressure loads well.

Hemp "breathes", is not afraid of fungus, is used for insulation of roofs, ceilings, facades and walls.

Straw(λ=0.038 - 0.072 W/(m K)) is an excellent heat insulator that can be used to make light ceilings, walls and roofs. Straw of rye, wheat, barley, oats is used as a material. It is pressed and tied with mesh, wire or cords. The density of straw insulation is 90 - 125 kg / m3, they can be plastered from above.

Straw "breathes", but also burns well. Therefore, sometimes it is treated with flame retardants.

Seaweed(λ \u003d 0.045 - 0.046 W / (m K)) before becoming a heat-insulating material, they are dried, later they are produced from board materials, loose or ladders from seaweed. Thanks to sea ​​salt, algae are not afraid of fungi and other mold. Density 70 - 80 kg/m3.

Seaweed ladders do not burn, do not rot, mold and large living creatures (mice) do not start in them. Located under the algae wooden beams, rafters or boards are always kept dry, so they last a long time. Algae is used to insulate roofs, ceilings and walls.

How best to insulate a private house from the outside

We want to immediately clarify that it is best to do the work on warming a private house from top to bottom, i.e. start with the roof, then the attic, walls, floor and foundation. But for convenience, we will divide all work into external and internal. Insulation of the house from the outside consists in the insulation of the walls of the foundation and basement, as well as the facade walls. Please note that the material and its required thickness should be calculated, for this you can contact the design offices.

How to insulate the foundation of a private house

Significant heat loss occurs through the foundation. This is due to the fact that the foundation walls are in direct contact with the soil and backfill, which freeze to a certain depth.

Due to the fact that the walls of the foundation are constantly in contact with water, it is necessary to select hydrophobic materials for their insulation.

Suitable: extruded polystyrene foam (EPS), foamed glass,adobe(clay with straw), red brick with floor(burnt, with air bubbles inside).

EPPS insulation or foamed glass must be fixed to the foundation wall with adhesive mastic. Necessarily to the depth of freezing of the soil. From above, these materials do not need to be protected from the ground in any way, and in the basement part they can be covered with plaster on a grid or lined.

Natural heaters adobe and others are actually backfilling and do not require fastening.

How to insulate the walls of a private house

If you are interested in the answer to the question of how to properly insulate a private house, outside or inside, then you should know that experts recommend insulating the walls of a private house precisely from the outside, since internal insulation has a number of significant drawbacks. In the wall layer of the cake, the materials should be arranged in such a sequence that the resistance to vapor permeation during the movement of steam outward decreases from layer to layer. Otherwise, water vapor will accumulate in the insulation.

Insulation of the walls of the house from the outside can be done different ways: ventilated facade, well masonry, plaster on top of the insulation.

It is a structure consisting of a frame, insulation and cladding. The supporting frame is attached to the wall with anchors, a heater (wool or plates) is inserted into it, a lining is attached on top of the frame, which performs decorative and protective (from weather factors) functions. Between the insulation and the cladding there is an air gap of 2-4 cm, it significantly increases the thermal insulation properties of the structure, and also serves to remove steam and excess moisture from the insulation.

For ventilated facades, it makes sense to use cotton wool insulation: stone wool, mineral wool, ecowool.

"Well" masonry is a pie like this: brick walls, heater, facing brick. Due to the fact that it is impossible to protect the insulation from moisture in such a design, one should choose one that does not absorb water: , vermiculite, expanded clay other. This largely depends on the facing material.

"Wet" facade is carried out by fixing the insulation to a wall of brick, concrete or blocks, and on top of applying a primer and decorative layer of plaster over a reinforcing mesh.

For insulation under plaster, you can use materials whose density is higher than 30 kg / m3: any cotton wool(mineral, ecowool), polystyrene foam(Styrofoam), extruded polystyrene foam(EPPS), straw, hemp, cork, seaweed. The thickness is calculated depending on the wall material and thickness, climate zone and other indicators.

Insulation to the wall must either be glued or fixed to the dowels. A reinforcing mesh is attached from above, and plastering work is carried out.

"Warm" plasters can be used as both a heater and a decorative coating. They are applied directly to the wall without additional insulation. This is one of the most environmentally friendly ways of warming - suitable for modern eco-friendly housing with "breathing" walls. It can be used to plaster facades, slopes, curved surfaces, basements and semi-basements, balconies.

How to insulate a private house from the inside

Internal insulation works include insulation of the roof, attic, floor and ceilings. As mentioned above, it is not recommended to insulate the walls from the inside. In exceptional cases, after consulting a specialist, you can sheathe the walls from the inside with cork or other natural material.

How to insulate the roof of a private house

Pitched roof insulation is necessary if the attic insulation is not sufficient, or if the attic is in use. To do this, a crate is stuffed between the rafters, to which heat-insulating material with a density of up to 50 kg / m3 is attached. Outside, from the side of the roof, the material must be protected from water ingress waterproofing film. From the inside, from the side of the room, with a vapor barrier membrane.

Important! truss structure in this type of insulation it is a kind of cold bridge, since the thermal conductivity of wood is still higher than that of insulation. To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to lay another layer of insulation from the inside in such a way as to close the rafters.

Wool can be used as insulation for the roof ( mineral wool, ecowool), extruded polystyrene foam, seaweed, reeds, hemp, straw, cork and other materials. When choosing a material, please note that in the event of a leak, the cotton wool will turn into unnecessary trash. Protection of the insulation with films is necessary if the insulation layer is isolated from the room. If there is an attic with windows on the roof, steam protection is not needed.

How to insulate the attic of a private house

Since ancient times, only the attic, not the roof, was insulated in houses. And here's why: the roof was made gable with such an angle that snow lay well on its surface, windows were equipped in the attic that could be opened and closed depending on the need, the attic floor was insulated. With the onset of frost, the roof of the house was covered with a layer of snow - a natural insulation. If the temperature was -25 ° C outside, under the roof slope, i.e. in the attic it fluctuated around 0 °C. Attic insulation served to raise the temperature from 0 to 22 ° C in the living room.

If you bought an old house or build eco-friendly housing from natural materials, you can perform the following insulation of the attic: coat all the cracks in the ceiling (from the side of the attic) clay sprinkle on top sand. If the clay cracks for any reason, the sand will fill the cracks. Whitewash with lime on top or sprinkle dry slaked lime, add to this mixture spent carbide for protection against mice. On top of this, pour loose heat-insulating material: sex from cereals, straw, sawdust, algae ladders, ecowool.

A modern way to insulate the attic: lay on the floor of the attic vapor barrier film, pour cotton material on top with a layer of about 200 mm.

How to insulate the ceiling of a private house

It does not make sense to insulate the ceiling; rather, it may be necessary to insulate the floor between floors or the floor and the attic. How to insulate the attic floor (ceiling of the lower floor) has already been described above.

It is necessary to insulate the floor between floors only if the floors have different temperature regime, i.e. the lower floor is heated, but the upper one is not, or vice versa.

In interfloor wooden floors insulation is placed between the lags. Can be used cotton wool insulation with density up to 50 kg/m3, hemp, ecowool. In this case, it will also serve as soundproofing.

If the floor is arranged on the floor slab, then it is necessary to use dense heat-insulating materials with a density of more than 160 kg/m3. It can be thick wool insulation,extruded polystyrene foam, Cork.

How to insulate the floor in a private house

Insulation of the floor in a private house, made on the ground, must be started even with backfilling. If the house is old, you will have to rent flooring, logs and excavate to the required depth.

Filling under a wooden floor on the ground should be like this:

• Compacted soil.
• 5 - 7 cm of river sand, carefully compacted.
• 10 - 12 cm gravel.
• Air space.
• Logs laid on house beams or support posts.
• Draft floor or waterproof plywood nailed to the bottom of the lag.
• Polyethylene film for waterproofing.
• Insulation: cotton wool, hemp, seaweed, straw, Cork(loose) or others.
• Draft floor.
• Clean floor.

To install a concrete floor on the ground after a layer of crushed stone, it is necessary to perform a rough floor screed, then lay waterproofing, the insulation layer depends on the climatic features of the area, the material must be very dense (more than 160 kg / m3) in order to withstand loads, a finishing screed is laid on top of the insulation and finish coating.

As a heater for concrete floor on the ground can be used extruded polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam(Styrofoam), cork.

In conclusion, I would like to note that before insulating a private house, contact design organizations for recommendations and insulation calculations for your region, taking into account the material and thickness of the walls of the house. Don't try to do everything on your own. It may turn out that all the work is in vain: the insulation will get wet from condensate, or the dew point will be in the wrong place.

How to insulate a private house: video

The question of whether it is worth insulating the walls of the house from the inside still does not have a definite answer. Some experts are ardent opponents of this option. Others, on the contrary, believe that such a decision will create the most comfortable conditions for people's lives. It should be noted that both are correct. It all depends on the specific situation, according to which this or that decision must be made. But even before the start of work on the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside, it is important to study the features of the process and select a safe material.

Main advantages

Warming the walls of the house from the inside is especially important in apartment buildings. It is sometimes the only option for creating comfortable conditions in those rooms that are adjacent to unheated, cold technical rooms or with a staircase. It is possible to insulate the walls from the inside in a private house. Such a solution would save original view facade or increase the amount of heat that will be stored in the building.

Such works belong to non-traditional technologies. Most often, their implementation is recommended in cases where it is simply impossible to arrange external insulation. These are, for example, the same high-rise buildings. After all, sometimes very often it is required to maintain heat in the premises of a panel house. Insulation of the walls in the apartment from the inside will be the only option when the work can be carried out independently, in the shortest possible time and without obtaining the appropriate permits that are necessary for the arrangement of the facade. As a result, the comfort of housing will increase, and the owners will forget about such troubles as fungus and mold.

Possible problems

Despite certain advantages, the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside has a number of disadvantages. It was they who became the reason for the appearance of opponents of this decision. So, the presence of insulation on the internal walls of the building contributes to the emergence of such problems as:

-Insecurity of the walls from the cold. After all, the supporting structure of the house does not get rid of contact with the outside air. This leads to its rapid destruction. Cracks begin to appear on the surface of the walls, because their insulation from the inside takes a certain part of the heat. And if before the events, the external structures of the building were heated from the inside, then upon completion of the work, this process stops.

-Dropout of condensate. As you know, on a cold surface in contact with warm air, moisture droplets form. This phenomenon is called the "dew point". The main goal facing the thermal insulation of the house is to move such a point outside the outer structure. Wall insulation from the inside in a private house or in a high-rise apartment leads to the formation of condensate at the border between the insulation and its surface. In this regard, the process is hidden from the owners, and they simply do not notice it. The walls at high humidity become an excellent breeding ground for mold and fungi.

-Reducing the size of the rooms. Today, the construction industry produces various types of the most modern materials with sufficiently high efficiency. However, she has not yet come up with one that, while maintaining high specifications would be quite small in size. Warming the house from the inside will take from the premises from 5 to 10 cm of their space, which will significantly reduce the usable area. At first glance, this is not very noticeable. But if you count the entire building, the figure will be quite impressive.

Based on the foregoing, before starting work on insulating the walls of the house from the inside, it is advisable to carefully consider the negative aspects of such a decision. Get rid of possible problems it is necessary already at the initial stage, because otherwise the negative result will become noticeable already in the first years of such operation.

materials

What makes it possible to use a technology that provides for the insulation of the surface of the walls from the inside of the building? These may be the most various materials with their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. As a rule, the most popular options for insulation for such work are mineral wool and foam plastic, foam plastic, as well as boards made from wood fiber. Consider their advantages and disadvantages in more detail.

Styrofoam

Very often, the owners, who decide to insulate the house from the inside, opt for this material. After all, it is quite effective and, importantly, has a low cost. As a rule, 5 cm of such a protective layer is quite enough to provide a comfortable microclimate in the premises.

Styrofoam is most often insulated with walls in apartments of multi-storey buildings. The use of this material allows you to install quickly, without additional tool and complex processing.

Among the disadvantages of polystyrene are the following:

low strength;

combustibility;

Poor vapor permeability.

The latest forecast contributes to the transformation of the house into a real greenhouse. In order to avoid this problem, it will be necessary to equip forced ventilation, which will require additional labor and financial costs.

Penoplex

The closest relative of polystyrene is extruded polystyrene foam, also known as polystyrene foam. Outwardly, these two materials are very similar to each other. However, foam boards are orange, not white. In addition, it is more durable, which determines its durability.

However, the disadvantages of polystyrene in the form of flammability and poor vapor permeability of this material are still preserved. Insulation of the internal surfaces of the walls when using it will not allow the house to "breathe", which will require forced ventilation.

Can polystyrene foam be used to create comfortable indoor conditions? Yes, but you will need to prepare in advance for possible problems and fix them in time.

This option is more acceptable for a house, as well as one built from lightweight concrete. As for wood, it is usually chosen for the construction of buildings for its ability to "breathe". But the foam and foam block the air flow. This negates all the advantages of wood.

Mineral wool

These heaters are also widely used for inner lining. Attractive in this material is also its inexpensive price. Experts recommend using mineral wool in hard slabs to insulate the wall of the house from the inside with mineral wool. Such material is easy to install, non-flammable and has high strength.

Roll is produced under such brands as Rockwool, Knauf, and Isover. She has good:

1. Thermal conductivity. This allows you to use a thin layer of insulation.
2. Soundproof. The use of glass wool provides excellent protection against street noise. The air layer between its fibers contributes to similar properties of the material.
3. Vapor permeability.
4. Tear strength.
5. Resistance to biological attack, for example, to rodents.

In favor of this insulation is also its high service life. It has been successfully fulfilling its functions for fifty years. In addition, mineral wool has a low density and low weight.

However, it should be borne in mind that this material perfectly absorbs water, ceasing to function after that according to its intended purpose. In order to prevent this from happening, provide vapor barrier and waterproofing in the form of a film or membrane. The first protects the insulation from the side of warm air, and the second - from the cold.

fiberboard

Warming from the inside can be carried out using They have:

Good sound absorption and thermal insulation;

Unattractive to rodents and insects;

Good resistance to moisture and temperature extremes;

Ease of processing using any tools;

Easy installation;

Ease of wiring.

However, it should be borne in mind that fiberboard boards are subject to treatment with toxic substances. This carries a danger to humans. That is why this material is most often used for outdoor decoration.

Warming of frame houses

For those who decide to improve the comfort of their home, you will need to check its condition. If any defects are found, they will need to be eliminated before work begins. Warming the walls of a frame house from the inside will require their cleaning and removal foreign objects. An important point it will also get rid of the gaps present in the structural elements. To do this, you need to apply mounting foam. If the wood of the walls is damp, then it is dried with a building hair dryer.

Performing the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside with your own hands, you will need to go through two stages. The first of these is the installation of waterproofing. The second stage involves laying a layer of thermal insulation.

Waterproofing is pre-cut into strips corresponding to the size of the walls and attached to them. Next, a heater is laid, placing it between the racks of a pre-arranged crate. The material chosen to create a comfortable temperature in the room is pre-cut into strips corresponding to the area of ​​the walls. At the same time, their size may exceed the required one by 5 cm. Such a nuance allows you to lay the insulation more densely. This will increase the efficiency of its application.

Warming of wooden houses

Work in such buildings begins with the installation of the crate, which is equipped on the load-bearing walls. In this case, it is recommended to use a beam. Insulation of the walls of a wooden house from the inside using a metal profile makes sense in cases where in the future they will be sheathed with moisture-resistant plasterboard.

To create even and correct angles, prepare corner posts from a bar with a section of 50 x 100 mm. Their height should be equal to the height of the room. Along the edge of such a beam, a second one is reinforced with self-tapping screws, with a smaller section (50 x 50 mm). Such a solution will allow you to fix the selected material inside the created structure.

Warming the walls of a wooden house from the inside will require their preliminary treatment with a special liquid. This will protect the surface from rotting and burning.

The next step in insulating the walls of a wooden house from the inside with your own hands is the installation of bars, which are fastened in increments of 50 cm. After completing the arrangement of the crate, you can begin the process of fixing the material, which is most often mineral wool. The insulation is pre-cut along the height of the walls with a width exceeding the distance between the vertical parts of the structure by 2 cm.

Mineral wool is fastened inside the crate with anchor bolts. It can be laid in 2 layers, between which a film should be placed.

After fixing the heat insulator, bars measuring 30x40 mm are mounted. Next, sheathing is performed using the decorative material chosen by the owners, which can be, for example, lining. By the way, it will allow you to additionally insulate the house. In this case, the interior will look very attractive.

Warming of panel houses

In order to create a comfortable temperature in such a building, as a rule, mineral wool is used. In addition, wall insulation panel house from the inside it can be made with penofol and fibrolite, foamed polyurethane and cork wood.

How is such work carried out? Insulation of walls in a panel house from the inside will require their cleaning from old coatings. A vacuum cleaner can be used to remove dirt. The surface should be treated with a primer and an antiseptic. After applying the next layer, the wall must be allowed to dry thoroughly. At the next stage, the surface is leveled with plaster, covering all joints with mastic, sealant or moisture-resistant mortar. Only after that proceed to the arrangement of the heat insulator. The work is completed with the installation of the facing material, on which the final finish is applied.

Insulation of brick houses

Buildings made of this material are distinguished by durability and strength. However, brick retains heat much worse than, for example, wood. In order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the premises, it will be necessary to protect the walls from the cold.

Very often, the owners insulate the walls with isover from the inside in a brick house. is on the list of one of the most popular materials for such work. However, it should be borne in mind that you cannot leave it open. After all, over time, mineral wool will begin to emit dust that adversely affects the health of residents. If a brick house using this material is insulated correctly, then there will be no problems in the future. In this case, it will only be necessary to carry out waterproofing of the insulating layers, since they easily absorb moisture, get wet, as a result of which they lose their properties.

To install an insulating layer of mineral wool with your own hands, you will need to prepare the following materials and tools:

Wooden slats;

mineral wool;

Film for waterproofing;

Film for vapor barrier;

plaster;

Primer;

Putty knife;

Plywood or drywall.

The installation of mineral wool is carried out after a thorough preparation of the walls, which are plastered and primed. It is not necessary to level such a surface, because in the future a crate will be mounted on it.

After the walls have dried, a layer of waterproofing is attached to them. Next, they begin to form the crate, which is made of wooden slats, fastening them together with screws. The next step is to install a heater. A vapor barrier film is placed on top of it and the laths of the crate. Cover such a structure with sheets of drywall or plywood. The joints of the facing material are sealed with putty.