Electrical wiring in a wooden bath scheme. Wiring and lighting for baths and saunas

In the soap and steam room, the lamps should be sealed. Silicone seals are better than rubber seals (the latter break down faster, and the fixtures lose their tightness).

You can read more about lamps in articles on: lighting,.

In general, in the steam room and washing are acceptable only light sources, and even switches for them, should be located outside these rooms.

LIFE HACK! Make a small loop on the wire before leading the wire into the luminaire body - this will prevent condensation from flowing inside.

In order for the lighting to be safe, it is worth putting an RCD on the lighting group. 30 mA is enough to protect a person.

220, 12 or 36 volts?

Installation of wiring in wet areas is always associated with the choice of voltage of the installed equipment. Many are inclined to believe that it is safer to install 12 or 36-volt light sources. We are talking about economical halogen lamps or LED strips Oh. 36-volt there are also conventional incandescent lamps.

How to conduct electricity to the bath with your own hands, if you need to connect a step-down transformer for a certain group? Modern transformers have very modest dimensions and are quite capable of being placed inside the switchboard. But that doesn't mean it's the only place for them.

You may well put a transformer directly in front of the wiring for lighting the steam room and washing.

An important point when choosing a transformer is to determine its power. Since it depends on the total power of the light sources, you should add everything and add 20-30% over.

In addition to the transformer to power the LED strip, you can use power supply. First you will need to find out what is the power of this tape per meter, and then multiply by the number of meters.

Switching power supplies that are used for LED strips are made in different cases - plastic, aluminum and open. Despite the fact that aluminum is the heaviest, it is also considered the most durable and reliable.

IMPORTANT! Don't forget to add margin if you don't want the transformer or PSU to burn out too quickly.

It is worth noting that with RCD the danger of the same incandescent lamps in the steam room becomes minimal. And halogens or LEDs have their drawbacks - the former are short-lived, the latter are intolerant of high temperatures and are sensitive to fluctuations in the current strength in the network. And the RCD or difavtomat is able to protect against electric shock in the network at both 220 and 380 volts.

ADVICE! Monthly it is worth checking the performance of the RCD - just do not forget to press the "test" button at such intervals.

Sockets

The outlet group is just as important. To begin with, let us clarify that you can put sockets everywhere, except for all the same steam room and washing.

Sockets are designed for different current strength- 10 and 16 amps. You should estimate approximately what load will be on the sockets in order to choose the appropriate option.

The calculation formula is simple: we sum up the power of the connected electrical appliances and divide the sum of watts by 220 volts.

You can go from the opposite: for a socket with a current limit of 10 A, the connected power limit is 2200 watts. For 16 A - 3520 W.

Depending on the choice you made, circuit breaker, which you put in the shield, must match the outlet in terms of current rating. For a 10 A socket, a 10 A switch.

What does it give? If you connect several consumers to one 16 A socket, for example, 4 kW in total, then the current in the network will be 18 A, which without a circuit breaker would lead to overheating of the socket and, possibly, a fire. And it will just turn off and that's it.

How to select the cable section will be discussed a little later.

Power group

It is customary to single out the most powerful consumers, such as an electric furnace, as a special power group. It is clear that they will also be powered from sockets, but their difference from the socket group is that for them, other parameters are selected, designed for a large current strength.

For example, if you have a 10 kW electric stove, then the current in the 220 V network will be 45.5 A. For such cases, use special power sockets capable of withstanding the high power of the electrical appliance.

In addition to a special outlet, the power group will require copper cable of a larger cross section than other wiring.

Well, he will protect her. own RCD with automatic or difavtomat.

Cable installation on walls

Email wiring in the bath is connected by a number of standards described in the PUE. Since we have already given extensive excerpts from this document, we will now state the essence briefly.

Briefly about the choice of brand and cable thickness

The bath is a humid, and in some places also a hot room, so in order to properly conduct the wiring, you need to choose the right cable with insulation that will not be affected by these adverse factors . In the premises, in addition to the washing and steam rooms, PVC insulation, NYM and VVGng cables can be used.

It is highly not recommended to lay wiring in the washing and steam rooms. It is permissible to make holes in the wall, insert metal cartridge cases and lead through the wall wiring to light sources in these premises. In this case, the switches are made outside!

But, since even a small piece of wire that will be in the steam room will be exposed to high temperatures, and its insulation will collapse in a short time, it can be recommended to lead the wire into the steam room with insulation made of silicone rubber– RKGM or PRKS, for example. It can withstand temperatures up to 170 degrees.

The thickness of the cable depends on the future load, but we immediately recommend taking the section with a margin. You already know how to calculate the current strength (we divide the power by the mains voltage), now find the appropriate section in the table (not forgetting the reserve):

Differences between wiring in different rooms of the bath

Wires can be laid as open wiring, and inside the walls. The standards for a bath are contrary to the standards for a wooden room. Therefore, we will consider this: again outside the steam room and washing it is better to lay the cable on the surface, and in the steam room and washing room - do not put at all. If the bath is not wooden, you can do hidden wiring.

open wiring should not be in a metal sheath. Plastic corrugation, cable channels and twisted wiring on ceramic insulators are acceptable. It is also desirable to lay strips between the wires and the wall heat insulator.

Useful video

You may need a report from one of the owners of the bath about the purchased and installed electrical equipment:

And here is another good video that you can use as an instruction:

In contact with

Non-standard premises, so the electrical system for it is also created non-standard. There are special wiring rules for this type of room. After all, baths are characterized by stable high temperatures and high humidity. As well as the presence of flammable material, namely wood. Therefore, correctly installed electrical wiring in the bath is a matter of vital importance. We are offering to you step by step instructions, backed up by a diagram that will help you install the wiring with your own hands with high quality.

We comply with safety regulations

We have deliberately singled out a point regarding safety rules when working with wiring, primarily because of the specifics of the sauna room. A bath is a source of a large amount of steam, and steam, as you know, is particles of water in a gaseous state. If sockets/switches are installed in places where steam accumulates, it is likely that it will settle on the elements in the form of condensate. And this can be fraught with a short circuit or worse, fire all the wiring.

Therefore, the first thing you need to carefully calculate and draw up competent scheme future electrical wiring, which is very difficult to do without the appropriate knowledge. The best solution will invite a specialist. If you are determined to do all the work yourself, follow the appropriate rules established specifically for wet areas.

Requirements for electrical wiring in the bath

In order for the result of your work in the bath to be a high-quality and reliable electrical system, adhere to the following principles when installing wiring in wet wooden rooms like a bath:

the cable is bred by an open method, in rooms with a high content of steam - the shortest path to the electrical elements;
we fix all electrical accessories (sockets, switches) outside the steam room;
do not run cables over the oven;

we make grounding and lightning protection in the room;
we connect the wires only using terminals;
choose non-combustible insulation;
we use metal protection only for lines passing through the wall.

Advice. Choose wires with copper cores for the bath: they pass a stronger current and at the same time are slightly susceptible to mechanical damage.

We mount the wiring in the bath: step by step instructions

Wiring in the bath is usually mounted in two ways: hidden and open. The first is used in baths made of brick or cinder block (in grooved channels), the second - in wooden buildings (right along the wall). Consider the main stages of mounting the electrical system in the bath:

Advice. Place accessories only in the dressing room. According to the rules, the bath and shower room are not intended for such electrical elements. Protect the lamps with special shades with sealed connections.

Finally, we suggest you take note of a few tips from experts involved in the installation of electrical systems of various types:

Place a refractory material under the cable ducts, such as a thin strip of asbestos sheet.
When working indoors, use elements with thermal insulation.
Lay the cable in a corrugation made of non-combustible material. This will help prevent the spread of fire when the wiring spontaneously ignites.
Be sure to install a metal plate between wooden wall and switches / sockets - it will serve as an excellent protection.

Since modern baths often use powerful electrical appliances, choose conductors with a cross section of at least 16 millimeters square for outdoor work.

We examined schematically the process of laying electrical wiring with our own hands. Now you know that this is a rather laborious process that requires certain skills and compliance with a number of rules. Before starting work, be sure to read the EMP. Be careful! Good luck!

Wiring in the bath: video

Wiring in a room with high humidity requires a special approach. If there are no skills and knowledge in the field of electric power industry, then it is better for professionals to do the work. Even a simple circuit must be collected from special materials and by all rules. It's not scary that the system can close in a wet bath, but an improperly executed electrical system can kill a wet person. How to make wiring in the bath according to all the rules and what mistakes are made, we will talk in this article.

Wiring in the bath made by professionals.

It is necessary to install the wiring in the bath in accordance with the requirements of the PUE (rules for electrical installations). Rules for wet and dangerous buildings have their own regulations. According to the documentation, fittings can only be placed in the dressing room, the steam room and the washing department are not intended for such nodes. All lamps must be under protective covers, and not simple ones, but with tight connections.

It is better if the wiring in the bath is done by professionals, but if you have knowledge in this area, you can do everything yourself.

Wiring in the bath can be done according to a simple scheme. Modern designs are multifunctional, so the power supply circuit is mounted complex. In such a bath can be located: lamps, an electric stove, a moisture meter and a temperature sensor, infrared or awning warm floors, sockets for a TV, a hairdryer, a refrigerator. In addition to everything listed in modern designs, there can be a pool with lighting, pumping station, heat gun.

Why is incorrect wiring dangerous?

Steam is dangerous in the bath, as it consists of particles of water, which is an excellent electrical conductor. Therefore, if you install a socket or switch in places where steam is accessible, condensate will settle on the elements and a fire or short circuit may occur. Before installing the wiring, specialists will make the necessary calculations and draw up a diagram that cannot be performed without knowledge. Services are not cheap, so in most cases they perform the system on their own. But this must be done in accordance with all rules and regulations.

Installation of sockets and switches in the bath is easier to do with a special nozzle on the drill.

Before installation, it is necessary to draw a diagram where all nodes (sockets, switches, branching boxes) will be drawn. At the same time, it is worth considering in advance what and where will be connected. Only after that the total power of all sources is calculated and it is determined which cable, section and size is needed.

Rules and regulations for the placement of the electrical system in baths

For a bath, wiring is carried out in a separate line from the main switchboard. This is done in order to protect the owners and create a separate ground circuit. Wiring should not be conspicuous and does not fit in the corners, opposite the doorways. To the centers of heating: stoves, pipes, generators is located no closer than 1.5 m.

Electrical wiring in the bath can be mounted in two ways:

Hidden: used in brick or block baths, unacceptable in wooden. It is carried out in special slotted channels with additional asbestos insulation.
Open: wiring is allowed directly along the wall, used in wooden structures.

Wiring is carried out according to several basic rules:

Power is passed through an AB or a residual current device (RCD), and light is passed into the steam room or into the washing room through a step-down transformer.
For wiring, it is better to use a copper non-burning cable of the VVGngLS 3x2.5 type.
All the main elements: electrical panel, current distribution box, central switch are mounted only in the dressing room.
For a wooden bath from the room to the neighboring wiring they throw it through drilled hole right in the wall. A ½ inch metal tube is inserted into it for safety. In no case should you drill a hole at the joints and seams, only in the middle of the link.
It is necessary to isolate the wiring using a special corrugation made of plastic or metal. It will not allow the system to ignite, and if damaged, the rock will simply melt. Under all sockets and switches, a metal or asbestos plate is also mounted.
Wiring in wooden structures cannot be hidden in transitional ceilings and under the floor, the entire system must be open. For greater security, asbestos material can be attached to the bottom of the wall.
It is necessary to connect the wires to each other using terminals; it is unacceptable to twist the wiring.

Also, do not use vinyl or rubberized wiring in the bath. It is optimal to use corrugated H07RN-F, VVGng-LS 3x1.5.

How to run the cable to the bath

Wiring let into the bath not through through hole in a log is considered incorrect.

If the bath is located in close proximity to the main house, then there will be no problem. It will be more difficult to throw the wire on a separate bath. In such cases, it is necessary to install the power wire to the bath from the main electrical panel.

According to the installation method, there are two ways to bring the electric wire to the bath: ground and air. Air conduction is more accessible, since for work you just need to put additional supports in the form of pillars. For the line, a SIP cable is taken (self-supporting insulated wire). It can be tensioned without additional construction of cables, and the service life is more than 20 years.

SIP is thrown over the poles to the bathhouse and injected inside through a special hole with a metal pipe or asbestos insulator.

The ground method of pulling the electric wire to the bath is more complicated and requires material and physical costs. But on the other hand, the line will not be visible and the landscape will not have to be spoiled by pillars. For installation, they take a copper durable cable VBbShv 3x2.5, armored. It is acceptable to use not armored, but then it will be more vulnerable and it is hidden in a special protective metal pipe. The cable is buried at least 700 mm deep, and the laying points are marked, for example, with bricks or decorative stone. This is necessary to simplify the search for possible damage or replacement.

When the wire is connected, it is necessary to correctly install the shield.

How to properly mount the shield

The first thing to do is to choose the right place for the electrical panel. The main rules to be followed are:

The electrical panel is placed in a dry and ventilated place. Condensation must not accumulate on internal parts designs.
Access to the electrical panel must always be available.
The place should not be darkened, it is better if natural light enters the shield.
The top of the box should be at least 150-180 cm from the floor.
If the wiring is single-phase, then a three-core cable will do.

What to consider when drawing up an electrical system diagram

The wiring in the bath must be in special insulation.

When drawing up a wiring diagram for a bath, the location of electrical appliances and other components is taken into account. They can only be installed in dry rooms. This is due to the rules fire safety and the fact that corrosion on parts will form less. If the device is plastic, then its mechanism still has metal parts.

There are devices on which protection is installed by manufacturers, so they can be safely placed in the washing room. These include modern showers, bathtubs with massage systems, spa equipment and more. other.

Light fixtures for the steam room can only be used on a metal base with a protective glass structure. Lamps are mounted on the walls, stepping back from the ceiling by 20 cm.

The transformer conducting the electrical system to the bath does not exceed 220 volts. In the steam room, the washing compartment can be distributed 12 volts, which are carried through the wall. This is somewhat different from the PUE standards, which say that 42 volts is permissible in dangerous places in the structure. But this is taking into account a 36 volt light bulb, and in most modern designs these are not used.

If a washing machine or dishwasher is placed in the bath, then a separate socket with grounding should be brought under them. They can only be installed in a dry place. If a heating tank is used hot water, then they lay a separate wire that goes separately from the general system.

Protective automatic RCD

A grounding system loop is mounted along the perimeter of the structure. The system is equipped with an RCD emergency shutdown machine, or a differential system. If the installation of automation is impossible for any reason, then T220/12 is mounted. Everything protective devices should be hidden in a waterproof box.

Electric heater in the power supply system

Sensors for electric heaters in saunas can only be used at low voltage. They are mounted on the surface of the wall, which is located farthest from the heater. Choose a suitable place and measure 1 m from the floor to proceed with the installation. It is forbidden to mount the control panel for sensors in the steam room.

The electric heater is connected separately from the main system, without sockets. To do this, a separate cable is thrown from the shield, which is connected to the heat generator and a separate ground is made.

Conduct wiring to the electric heater and light bulbs in the steam room should be no closer than 0.8 m from the chimney and stove. At the same time, it should not bend or twist anywhere, only one-piece in a special corrugation.

Bath lamps

Each electrical unit should be located on the wall, in no case should they be hidden inside the tree.

You should not use simple paws for washing and steam room. Luminescence is taken only with protection in IP44 degree. Among the safest, it is worth highlighting 12 volt halogen lamps.

It is better to use wiring for a steam room from a heat-resistant material, for example, the SILFLEX Sif brand, single-core with special silicone insulation.

In some modern schemes, the light in the steam room is made from below, so there will be less heating. The lighting looks attractive, as it is carried out by spotlights, for example, built into the lower step of the canopy.

Inside the canopy structure, the wiring is carried out additionally insulating in metal pipes.

You need to check the wiring every 2-3 years, preferably more often. The shelf life of the wiring should also be taken into account: copper - up to 20 years, aluminum up to 15 years. Since the humidity and elevated temperatures in the baths they act aggressively on the wiring, then you can safely divide the numbers by 2 and change the wiring completely after the expiration date.

Even by hiring a professional, you should not let things take their course, you need to control the entire process from and to. Only in this way the wiring in the bath will be safe and will last the prescribed period.

Proper wiring in a sauna is considered a key safety measure. To carry out communications in a wet room, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the PUE and state standards. The following is a discussion of how to properly conduct electrical wiring in the bath with your own hands.

A general view of the electrical wiring in a do-it-yourself sauna

If you decide to do all the work yourself, then you need to familiarize yourself with the technical and practical minimum for a quality result. Do-it-yourself wiring in the bath will save a decent amount of money.

Requirements for work and checkpoints

a separate line is laid to the sauna from the main shield;
the path to the end points (lamps) is minimal;
wiring is laid openly (with appropriate protection measures);
at the input to without fail install an RCD or difavtomat;
it is forbidden to install sockets and household switches directly in the steam room;
lines are not allowed to be laid over heating equipment;
class of fixtures, sockets and switches not lower than IP54;
lightning protection and grounding must be performed on the line;
you can not use metal insulation for checkpoints (cable and wire products);
the connection of wires is carried out in junction boxes by the terminal method;
for the organization of electrical wiring, copper cables are used that do not spread combustion of the VVG-ng type.

Laying methods

For steam rooms, as well as for conventional power supply facilities, two types of cable laying can be used: air and underground. The first, simpler, is used everywhere due to the lack of the need for excavation.

According to the type of power supply, single-phase and three-phase inputs to saunas and steam rooms are distinguished.

The least expensive method. If the metering device and the shield are located on a support or on a fence, then the checkpoint wire repeats the route of entry into the building. Before entering the dressing room, a through sleeve and a circuit breaker are installed in the outer wall of the building;

Example of air entry into the sauna

Cable laying underground

The method is expensive and requires more time for construction and installation work. The main advantage of laying underground is the complete concealment of the power supply route - such a laying will not spoil appearance site.

Armored cables with copper conductors are used for work. It is they who have the longest service life and excellent technical characteristics.

Single-phase 220 V connections will fully cover the needs of a standard house. On average, 10 kW is consumed for general needs for a bath, which is 45 A, taking into account the installation of a separate stove and lighting.

Three-phase wiring is used to connect high-power objects in large cottages with many additional electrical appliances. If the heater is three-phase, then the network to the steam room must be made with a five-wire cable or four-wire with connection to the general circuit of the building.

This method has a number of advantages:

constant access for inspection and repair;
the use of a gearbox of a smaller section;
possibility of application in fire hazardous and damp rooms.

General view of open wiring

Requirements for electrical appliances

Requirements apply to the switchboard, sockets and household switches, lamps and cable.

Cabling and wiring products (KPP)

According to SNIPs and PUE, heat-resistant conductors are used for wet rooms. The cable must be heat-resistant and insensitive to moisture. cable lines laid strictly horizontally and vertically. Diagonal sections are prohibited to avoid future emergencies associated with insulation breakdowns.

Peculiarities:

The wiring will be performed openly.
Corrugated pipes are selected from self-extinguishing plastics.
Pipes are fastened with plastic brackets along the entire length of the line with a frequency of 0.7 m.

From the input-accounting device, the line is laid to the switchboard (with difavtomatov and RCD), which is the communications control center in the bath. Installation is permissible in a dry room (for example, a locker room). The equipment must be well lit, and also be resistant to mechanical stress. After the shield, step-down transformers are used to organize the lighting network, which allow you to get a voltage of 12 V.

Installation example electrical panel in the do-it-yourself lounge

Requirements for the installation site of the shield:

open access;
good illumination (as a rule, the installation site is chosen by the window);
lack of excess moisture in the room;
a separate machine is installed on the electric furnace.

In the rest room and dressing room, the same lighting fixtures are used as in living rooms. In the steam room and dressing room, they are subject to special requirements:

Installation prohibited ceiling lights– during operation, they are subject to particularly heavy steam loads, and they also accumulate condensate, which can lead to a short circuit.
Installation of lamps is preferable at the level of the legs or at a height of 1.6 m.
The protection class of luminaires must be at least IP
Preferred use LED lamps– with great strength and resistance to high temperatures.

An example of installing a lamp in a bath

Sockets, household switches, junction boxes

Installed in dressing rooms and rest rooms. In the steam rooms, the installation of any devices, except for lamps, is prohibited.

Peculiarities:

One junction box is installed for each element.
All elements are installed at a height of 160 cm.
Sockets are performed at a level of up to 80 cm from the floor.

Installation

Stages of work:

Electrical wiring from the shield to individual points.
Distribution board installation. It is carried out in accordance with the norms and requirements of the PUE and the relevant GOSTs. The modular cabinet must be purchased taking into account the installation of additional equipment (relay, additional RCD and difavtomat), i.e. the bar should contain 3-4 empty cells.
Building entry device. Can be done open and in a closed way. The choice of subsequent equipment and gearbox does not depend on external power supply.
Choice of equipment and gearbox. Cables are selected based on the total load. For example, for a total load of 6 kW, a gearbox of 3 mm 2 will be enough. For internal networks, copper cables VVG-ng (flame retardant) and copper wires with a rubber waterproof shell (APV, PPV, PRN, PRKA, RKGM, etc.). According to the safety rules, the checkpoint must be carried out in corrugated tubes and cable channels that are resistant to fire - flexible PVC, etc. The pipes must be equipped with a probe (wire) - to allow cables to be pulled into the cavity.
Calculation of the power of electrical appliances, lighting. At this stage, it is necessary to estimate the total electricity consumption in the bath. To do this, consider the preliminary power of electrical appliances and add it to the total load on lighting. In addition, the line must withstand a reserve of 3 kV to the total power (for the prospect of installing newer or more powerful electrical equipment).
Separate branches of electrical wiring are carried out exclusively in solid pieces of cables. The choice of route is aimed at reducing conductor connections.
To connect electrical appliances to a pair, the supply is carried out through insulated through holes made in the immediate vicinity of them.
Grounding must be performed to all elements of the electrical network.
Channels from holes and pipes are sealed with moisture-proof mastics or bitumen to prevent ingress and accumulation of condensate inside the cavities.
Luminaires should be made of glass and ceramics, not contain exposed metal elements.

Do-it-yourself socket installation

When performing all work, you must follow the instructions. This will help to avoid negative consequences and a quick failure of the bath's internal power supply network.

The practical part contains several stages:

creation of a power supply scheme indicating the exact location of trunk lines, branches, installation of switches, sockets, shield and lamps;
purchase of selected equipment and gearboxes;
organization of external power supply;
installation of a switchboard indoors;
laying of cable and wire products;
installation of electrical equipment;
compound individual elements into a single system;
checking the grounding and serviceability of electrical wiring;
measurements of resistance loops and measures to adjust the parameters (installation of additional electrodes in the ground loop);
checking RCDs and difavtomatov (button TEST);
checking the input machine.

Upon successful completion of the last stage of work, the electrical wiring in the bath is considered completed.

Electrical installation. Video

Visually, the installation of wiring in the bath will show the video below.

insulation materials for steam rooms and saunas must be heat-resistant;
for the main sections of the line, a checkpoint with a cross section of at least 16 m² is used;
sockets and household switches are installed on metal plates;
an insulating refractory material such as asbestos is placed under the sections of the lines;
pipes choose flexible corrugated from self-extinguishing PVC plastic;
wood treatment is performed with an antiseptic to improve water-repellent properties.

Wiring is a simple matter, but wiring electricity in a bath is a procedure that has a number of important nuances. Because a bath is primarily a room with a high level of humidity and with a fairly high temperature.

Of course, electrical installation in such conditions implies its own characteristics, which significantly distinguish the whole process from the installation of electrical wiring in a residential building.

Do you want to bring light into the bath, having foreseen all possible pitfalls in advance? Then this article is for you! It gives clear instructions for installing the wiring in the baths with your own hands.

The nuances of installing electrical wiring in the bath

The process of electrification of the bath has some features. The main ones among them are:

wiring should be carried out "in the open" (at the same time, in the steam room, the wires are carried out along the shortest path from the power source to the consumer);
it is obligatory to have a protective power shutdown device, as well as automated switches;
it is strictly forbidden to install sockets or light switches in the steam room (all such devices must be located outside the room);
in no case is it allowed to conduct wires above the furnace;
protection class of sockets and switches - at least IP-44, protection class of bath lighting devices - at least IP-54.
both lightning protection and grounding are required;
at high humidity the route leading the electric current cannot be placed in metal pipes (such protection is used only when the line runs in the plane of the wall);
wire insulation must be non-flammable (it is recommended to use).

If your bath is not yet electrified, then we recommend that you read the article about,.

We also want to provide you with some proven tips:

The cross section of the conductors when laying the line on the street must be at least 16 millimeters. What is the reason for such a condition? First of all, the fact that in a modern bath it is possible to use powerful electrical appliances. For example: a boiler for heating water, a stove-heater, a heat gun and even a washing machine.
Be sure to install a protective metal plate between the wooden post and the electrical outlet or switch.
When laying the cable, be sure to lay a thin strip of asbestos sheet under it. This will serve as protection against fire, because asbestos is a reliable refractory material.
Fulfilling interior work, be sure to use those products that have heat-resistant insulation.
It will be useful to lay the electrical cable in a special corrugation made of non-combustible material. This will not only prevent the instantaneous spread of fire in the event of spontaneous ignition of the insulation, but will also look much more aesthetically pleasing than fixing the cable on insulators.

Wiring diagram in the bath

Not without a wiring diagram. We suggest you familiarize yourself with two of its options. The first one looks like this:

Numbers on the chart:

1 - Power line input;

2 - Grounding;

3 - Protective automatic device;

4 - RCD (residual current devices);

5 - Zero bus;

6 - Automatic switches (switching sockets, lights, etc.);

7 - Machine for zero stove;

8 - Three-phase automatic switch for the stove.

The second version of the scheme looks like this:

Of course, it is quite realistic to independently draw up a similar scheme similar to those provided. The main thing is not to forget to mark all the key elements and indicate the location of each of them. At the same time, it is advisable to place the switchboard itself in the rest room, or in the dressing room.

Mounting process

It's time to get down to business - to conduct electricity. The procedure itself includes several main steps:

Calculation of the required cable section;
Selection of all component parts (lighting fixtures, switches, electrical outlets, etc.);
Summing up the power line from the street to the bath building;
Making wiring directly inside the premises.

Let's take a closer look at each of the above steps.

Wire section calculation

This stage of work is extremely important. Here, the selection of such a cross-section of the cores is carried out, which could be guaranteed to withstand the entire volume of current loads. The calculation technology is best demonstrated by an illustrative example.

Suppose we planned to install 5 lamps in the bath. Each of them is 100 watts. It is also planned to install a stove-heater, a washing machine and a heater for the rest room. At the same time, the power of the heater is 4 kilowatts, washing machine- 2 kilowatts, heaters - also 2 kilowatts. What do we get? 8.5 kilowatts. The minimum power reserve, which should be added to the amount received, is about twenty percent. As a result of calculations, we get 10.2 kilowatts. To determine the magnitude of the current (we need it to select the cross section), we need to divide the total power by the voltage - by 220 volts. Let's count: 10200 divided by 220 and we get 46 amperes. With the current value obtained, it is most advisable to take a cable with a cross section of 6 mm. sq., as it will withstand such a load without problems.

Separately, it is worth paying attention to the fact that a similar principle is useful for calculating the circuit breaker. The difference will be that here we will not use the power of all devices, but only the circuit we need.

Laying from the street and wiring indoors

From the street shield to the bath, you can lead the cable both through the air and underground - this is a matter of purely personal preference. In general, air laying is simpler and cheaper, underground is more reliable, but more expensive.

Having brought the cable to the bath, it is necessary to carry out the wiring in the rooms. The cable must run open way in non-combustible corrugation. When brought to electrical devices the cable is connected exclusively from below (a U-shaped bend is made). When the entire route is completed, we connect to the circuit breakers.

Of course, after carrying out the work, it is better to call a professional electrician who can check their correctness. You will not spend a lot of money, but you can be calm and firmly confident in your safety.

We select accessories

The cable cross-section is calculated, which means it's time to choose electrical fittings and other accessories for bath electrical wiring. As mentioned above, the VVGng cable is the most best option for switches and sockets. You can also buy NYM, which is considered to be the "more expensive" counterpart. As for the cross section, for sockets it should be at least 2.5 mm. sq., while for switches - 1.5 mm. sq.

VVGng cable is an excellent solution for wiring in a bath

When choosing a suitable lamp, remember that it must be waterproof. Also, its properties must correspond to the environment of its use - a room with a high level of humidity and temperature. The level of protection of switches and electrical outlets must meet the following requirements: their housings must be sealed and not leak moisture; they must also be equipped with lids.