Sewer pipelines are well known modern people. But it is not only the sewage itself and solid particles that are required to be taken out - various odors are no less a nuisance, and the fan pipe helps to fight them.
Peculiarities
A fan pipe is such a fragment of a sewer that connects a riser that removes sewage to the atmosphere. Thanks to this design, the danger of sewage is reduced, and the accumulation of bad “aromas” is excluded. Only in one-story buildings is the absence of such a technical unit allowed. But when there are at least two floors, or there is more than one sanitary unit in the house, you cannot do without it, otherwise a large-scale release of water from the tank and the rarefaction provoked by it in the outlet will provoke a deterioration in the atmosphere in the house.
Current regulations prescribe to install a fan pipe in the following cases:
- in houses with more than one level equipped with water supply and sewerage;
- in the event that the cross section of the risers is 5 cm or more;
- if the house is equipped with a pool or other reservoir that discharges a significant amount of wastewater;
- in the case when the septic tank is located next to the dwelling.
Kinds
For sewage, you can use fan pipes made of cast iron or plastic. Cast iron is only compatible with cast iron, plastic is much more versatile, so plastic is recommended when repairing and replacing broken parts. Hardware now rarely used also because they are not flexible enough and their range is too scarce. Most often, installation is carried out in a sewer line with a diameter of 110 mm.
Professionals believe that fan lines made of dissimilar materials are not very durable. Ideally, all sewer parts should be selected from one substance. If such a solution is not possible, then it is worth consulting with qualified engineers how this or that combination of materials used will behave. The fan pipe can have almost any geometry - it is permissible to lead it vertically or horizontally. There are even separate options that are mounted at an angle.
It should be noted that the fan line should be larger in cross section than the main route. Therefore, the choice of a relatively light and very strong plastic is given an additional advantage over the use of a cast iron odor discharge line.
The exit from any fan system will certainly be located outside the residential building, otherwise no efforts will help to cope with the harmful odors that have appeared.
When installing both cast-iron and plastic pipelines, the same products are used as for waste channels:
- fitting;
- pipes;
- bends;
- rubber cuffs;
- transition blocks;
- clamps (with their help, the line is attached to walls and other surfaces).
Device
The fan pipe in a private house is formed by individual outlets to drain points and risers. If the dwelling is quite large, and the bathrooms and toilets are remote from each other, then a scheme with several fan risers is needed - this will help to avoid placing long horizontal pipeline sections with their inevitably weakened traction. If several branches are connected into a single circuit, then it is recommended to mount the pipe with a slight slope. It should be understood that placing the initial site in a warm room, and the final one on the street, is extremely useful for intensive air exchange.
The faster the flow of air through such a channel, the better the fresh atmosphere in the home is maintained. Since the key part of the fan pipes is placed vertically, you need to carefully approach the fixing of the structures. Connection is achieved by clamps made of metal materials. Some experts consider necessary installation soundproofing of fan pipes due to rolls mineral wool and slab structures.
Much attention should be paid to the exit of the fan structure to the roof of a one-story or multi-story building.
Standard Requirements provide that it is not allowed to bring sewer facilities to the attic. If you mount the outlet under an overhang, then as a result of snow or ice falling down, an expensive structure may be damaged. The height of the fan structures above the pitched roof should be at least 50 cm, and if it is flat and not in use, then this figure should be at least 0.3 m. Most often, several pipes lead to the roof at once - among them, it is the air outlet pipe that will be the highest. It is strictly forbidden to form a single circuit of the fan and ventilation systems, as well as to connect to chimney structures.
It is forbidden to bring the exhaust pipe closer to the windows than 400 cm. The output is considered optimal in the area where the largest number of drain structures is concentrated. Its transfer, for aesthetic reasons, is fundamentally unacceptable. It is also forbidden to supplement the fan pipes both inside the house and outside with any decorations - each such element can provoke the formation of condensate and ice, reducing the effectiveness of odor removal.
There is no need to turn to specialists except for some particularly difficult cases. However, it is required to strictly follow the recommendations and instructions of the standards. The complexity of the construction of fan systems when using modern materials small.
Dimensions
The diameter of the drain hole in the tanks is 7 cm. As for the fan pipes themselves, there are no particularly stringent requirements here. In an apartment building, they should be the same size as the main sewer riser.
In private housing, the use of smaller output sizes by half is fully justified, since air will move through them. Therefore, fan ducts with a cross section of 50 mm are often mounted there. The outlet from the toilet bowl and the general sewerage pipe are the same - 100 mm each.
It is these dimensions that turn out to be the most rational in a private house. But there are also deviations, especially if the load created is small and a simultaneous significant flow of water is unlikely. If exhaust or supply ventilation is equipped, then it is worth focusing on diameters from 50 to 110 mm (most often 90) with a length of 300-400 cm. Pipelines 150 cm high are in demand. Such values \u200b\u200bare not just formed as part of everyday practice - they are regulated by SNiP.
It is important to know that the required rise of 30 cm is determined not from the floor plane, but from the surface of the roof covering. A distance of 4 m should be maintained in relation to both windows and balconies.
Returning to the dimensions of the fan pipes themselves, it is worth noting that the diameter of 150 and 200 mm is typical for industrial versions of this device. At home, pipes with a diameter of 7.5 cm are occasionally mounted. This approach is necessary if larger options, for geometric reasons, do not fit in a particular plumbing unit.
Installation
Choosing the ideal device and determining its parameters is only half the battle. No less important quality installation equipment. Serious difficulties are brought to the roof - installation work inside the house is no more difficult than manipulating other plumbing. But it is quite possible to get around this problem if you start from the recommendations given by professionals. For example, they warn against the use of "fungi".
The rise of warm air through the fan pipe can lead to freezing of condensate on this element and blocking its clearance. In this case, thrust will inevitably be reduced. The closer the output is to the skate, the more reliable the system being created and the less likely it is that snow mass rip off the roof. In those buildings that differ in three or more floors with a long sewer distribution, it is advisable to install two air ventilation risers. But there is a rule here: the risers are made straight, like arrows, since the slightest turn or bend will drastically reduce the efficiency of their work.
The maximum result is achieved if the inlet is connected to the outlet with corrugated adapters. When there is one outlet for several risers, then the total diameter of the external discharge channel should be equal to the diameter of the riser. The auxiliary ventilation duct must be connected to the sewer option below the outermost of the plumbing devices or from above to the upward bend of the curved tee. But first, you should make sure that this outlet is placed above the sides of the instruments and inspection hatches, because sometimes even with a fan pipe, extraneous odors occur.
The reasons for this circumstance may be related to the following problems:
- wear and depressurization of the cuff that attaches the toilet;
- broken connection of sewer pipes;
- problems in the hydraulic seal.
Only after checking and refuting all these assumptions or eliminating such defects, but without achieving a positive result, it is worth replacing the fun design. It is advisable not to rely on your own knowledge and skills, but to entrust the work to trained specialists.
If you still decide to do the work on your own, then it should be understood that sometimes even the toilet cistern has to be dismantled. It is especially difficult to work with cast-iron channels, which cause a lot of inconvenience even for specialists.
It is impossible to turn off the fan pipe in an apartment building. The only option is to negotiate with the neighbors so that they do not turn on the washing machines and did not turn on the taps. Toilet bowls are also not recommended at this time. The dismantling itself is carried out using a sledgehammer and angle grinder. Subsequent installation is always carried out from the lowest point, and in private houses it coincides with the sole of the foundation.
It is possible to simplify the connection of pipe parts to each other by lubricating the sealing rings with silicone. But even if this reagent is not available, then the problem is easily solved: you need to use a simple liquid soap. It is worth considering that the silicone bond is stronger than soap, but it will complicate dismantling. If it is necessary to connect cast iron and plastic pipes special adapters should be used, which can be purchased at any plumbing store. Fastening to the wall is made with metal clamps, which are much more reliable than plastic counterparts and more convenient to use.
Old fan pipes, installed decades ago, were only attached to the floor and ceiling. Such a solution is today recognized as impractical, because the connection of all sections of the circuit is considered much more effective. After completion of work with fasteners, sewer pipes are attached to the risers - for this purpose, bends or tees are used. Then comes the turn of connecting the sewer circuit with plumbing equipment.
It is very expensive to use sewer pipelines equipped with acoustic protection. For most people, it will be much more profitable to mount the necessary protection on their own. At work, use mounting foam or mineral-based slabs. The disadvantage of the foam version is the need for any revision to cut it off and add it again. Hiding risers in a sound-proof box looks very aesthetically pleasing, but a control window must be provided.
The fan pipe itself does not have a slope, as it must be installed strictly vertically. As for slope sewer pipes wires to which the ventilation circuit is connected, then it should be 1-4 cm per 1 running meter. A lower value will slow down the flow rate of all effluents. Exceeding the allowable steepness will cause the liquid to leave faster than the solid particles and inclusions.
When installing a fan pipe, it is necessary to pay attention to such an important detail as a cross - this is a type of fitting that receives a stream of unpleasant gases.
Additionally, a tee is mounted into which the toilet pipe is built. The number of large tees should correspond to the number of waste disposal points. The only exception is the absence of the need to install such an element in the bathroom.
The outlet of the sewer pipes is directed in such a way that the accumulations of sewer gases are removed by the wind. It is unacceptable to place the output in those places where they will concentrate and stagnate, even if no one visits these places. If for some reason it is not possible to bring the sewer pipe to the ventilation system, then the outlet from the fan circuit can be led out through the wall.
Decorative rosettes perfectly help to cope with the negative aesthetic effects of such a solution. To bundle several fan pipes, tees are used, designed for angles of 45 or 135 degrees.
If there are horizontal sections in the system, then their slope along the gas flow should be at least 0.02%. In places where it is required to change the direction of pipes, this can only be done above the last connected appliances. For such a change, only pipes with an angle of 135 degrees are allowed.
In the case when the attic of the house is used, it is necessary to increase the output height to 3 m. All fan risers going through unheated rooms must have a thermal protection layer.
Plastic pipes should be led out through ceilings with metal sleeves. From above it is worth mounting a cover and a grid - they will protect small insects from penetrating into the fan system. Instead of a fan pipe, an air valve can sometimes be used, installed above the revision part of the riser. But such a solution is applicable only in houses where there is no more than one sanitary unit. Vacuum valves, regardless of their quality, quickly become clogged and cease to perform their main functions.
The problem with valves also arises when the siphon (hydraulic seal) is deprived of water. In this situation, the whole system becomes useless. In addition, a hydraulic shutter, even in ideal mode, is not able to 100% protect against unpleasant odors - it must be supplemented with supply and exhaust ventilation ducts. Only a full-fledged fan system is able to provide good air in houses with toilet, bathroom, washing machines and dishwashers.
Hello again!
The owners of apartments on the upper floors of high-rise buildings are often annoyed by the section of the sewer pipe that goes to the roof. It seems useless and, according to the owners, takes up too much usable space, which is why they often get rid of it without remorse.
In fact, the seemingly unnecessary fan pipe has a very specific purpose. What is its function and is it really impossible to do without it?
The fan pipe is a continuation and belongs to the class of gas outlet ventilation equipment.
Purpose and functions
The fan riser is designed to remove fetid gases accumulated in the circuit outside the boundaries of the household.
But this is not its only function, it:
- It normalizes the pressure in the system, which prevents the failure of hydraulic locks in the siphons of plumbing fixtures while draining a large amount of wastewater.
- Attenuates the sound of sewage movement in the pipeline.
Device and principle of operation
From a technical point of view, the fan riser is a natural extension of the waste pipeline. In fact, this is a pipe segment connected to the sewer line and extending beyond the boundaries of the roof structure of the house.
The contour and layout of the outlet of the fan pipe is determined by the features of the structure.
The principle of operation of the fan riser is based on the difference in atmospheric pressure inside the sewer circuit and on the street. Formed in the process of biological decay gases naturally rush up and down. Since the design of the siphons of plumbing fixtures provides for a kind of barrier in the form of a water seal, they go outside along the path of least resistance - through the fan pipe. If it is absent or blocked, these gaseous emissions will be carried out through the water seal and enter the room.
How to determine if a vent pipe is required
There is no need to guess in this matter: everything is clearly regulated by the norms of SNiP 2.04.01-85. If the house does not belong to the categories "one-story" and "private", it must be equipped with a fan riser.
Do I need a fan riser in a one-story and two-story house
As we have already decided, if the house is two-story and also multi-apartment, a ventilation sewer circuit is a must.
But with a one-story, even a private house, everything is not so simple. A fan riser in a private one-story house may be required if, with a one-stage discharge of effluents, the liquid completely, albeit for a short time, blocks the cross section of the sewer pipe. In this case, there is a high probability of failure of the hydraulic seals of sanitary equipment and the release of waste gases into the room.
The designated risk zone includes houses in which:
- More than one floor and at the same time each is equipped with a bathroom, even with a separate sewer branch.
- The diameter of the waste risers is less than 110 mm.
- Jacuzzis or pools are connected to the public sewerage system.
- The septic tank is removed from the house at a distance of less than 8 meters.
- Not sustained.
Even if you have a one-story house, but at the same time it has several bathrooms, it is necessary to connect a fan pipe.
How to check if there is a sewer pipe in the house
There is nothing easier:
- If you are a happy owner of an apartment located on the top floor of a multi-storey building, just go to the bathroom where the sewer riser is located. If a pipe goes up from it, everything is fine. By the way, it would be useful to go up to the attic and make sure that this pipe is brought out of the roof.
- If you are not so lucky and the apartment is located a little lower, just listen to the sounds made by the sewer. A characteristic squelching is a signal that the fan pipe is either not there at all, or it is clogged.
- Systematic failure of water seals and a fetid odor will also indicate problems with ventilation system sewerage.
Is it possible to do without it
In very rare cases, yes. But then the sewer line should be equipped with a check or vacuum valve (aerator). Which is better, consider below.
What materials is it made from
What is a fan, what is a sewer - this is the same type of pipes. This means that they are made from the same materials - plastic or cast iron:
- more convenient to install and operate.
- Cast iron is stronger and more durable, but it is harder to work with them due to their impressive weight and fragility. In addition, cast iron quickly become contaminated during operation.
Types, sizes and diameters
There are 2 types of fan pipes:
- Rectilinear (rigid).
- Offset (corrugated).
The offset pipe is mobile and allows you to connect to a toilet with any outlet location.
The norms regulate the diameter of the fan pipes of 110 mm. This value is the same for both cast iron and plastic models.
The length of the fan pipe can be different: it depends on the height of the ceiling and attic spaces, as well as the level of output outside the roof.
Which view is better
Cast iron is gradually giving way to plastic, so if possible it is better to replace the cast iron model with a plastic one. This is not at all difficult to do: you can use special cuff adapters for tie-in.
When choosing between plastic products, give priority to polymers based on polypropylene (PP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). They are:
- They provide sufficient fastening rigidity, resistance to vibration and mechanical loads.
- Able to withstand the aggressive environment of condensate accumulating on the walls of the pipeline during the release of malodorous gases.
It is better to use the same type of plastic that was chosen for the main sewer. So it will be easier to choose a sealing compound.
Structural features are determined by the installation method and personal preferences of the owner. If the design is straight, it is wiser to use rigid products. If it is planned to bend the contour, it is allowed to perform part of the elements in the corrugation.
How to choose the right
The main issue in choosing a fan pipe is the definition optimal diameter, especially when it comes to apartment buildings with lots of stock.
The size of the cross section of the fan pipe should not be less than the same value of the interfloor sewer riser to which it is connected.
approximate price
The cost of fan pipes is determined by a number of parameters:
- Dimensions (section, length, wall thickness).
- Manufacturing material.
- structural features.
- Manufacturer and brand name.
The estimated cost of PVC models is given in the table:
| Outer diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm | Pipe length, m | price, rub. |
| 90 | 5 | 3,06 | 500 |
| 90 | 8 | 6 | 1850 |
| 113 | 5 | 2,07 | 560 |
| 113 | 5 | 3,07 | 830 |
| 113 | 5 | 5,07 | 1360 |
| 113 | 7 | 2,07 | 760 |
| 113 | 7 | 3,07 | 1125 |
| 113 | 7 | 5,07 | 1855 |
| 125 | 5 | 2,07 | 605 |
| 125 | 5 | 3,07 | 900 |
| 125 | 5 | 5,07 | 1480 |
| 125 | 6 | 3,07 | 1050 |
| 125 | 6 | 5,07 | 1735 |
| 125 | 7,5 | 3,07 | 1320 |
| 140 | 6,5 | 2,07 | 890 |
| 140 | 6,5 | 3,07 | 1320 |
| 140 | 6,5 | 5,07 | 2180 |
| 140 | 8 | 3,07 | 1600 |
| 140 | 8 | 5,07 | 2630 |
| 165 | 7,5 | 3,07 | 1740 |
| 165 | 9,5 | 3,07 | 2150 |
| 195 | 8,5 | 3,08 | 2195 |
| 195 | 11,5 | 3,08 | 3050 |
| 225 | 10 | 3,09 | 3170 |
| 225 | 13 | 3,09 | 4005 |
Installation rules
The installation of the vent pipe is carried out inside the heated room strictly from the bottom up in the following sequence:
- Preparation in the bearing elements of the construction of technological holes.
- Installation of plumbing fixtures, assembly and connection of their sewer circuit to the riser.
- The system is assembled at the lowest point of the circuit. To connect all the elements, a tee is used, one of the holes of which should “look” up.
- A section of the fan pipe is installed in the branch pipe of the tee right size, so that on attic floor the connecting section did not fall out.
- Silicone sealant is used to seal the joints.
- Every 1-1.5 meters, the pipeline is fixed to the wall by means of clamps: rigid - in the places of the socket connection, floating - in straight sections. It is advisable to use clamps with rubber seal, they better hold the pipe in a given position and compensate for the vibration load.
How is the outlet pipe through the roof and how to determine the desired height
The contour of the fan riser is being built along inner wall building, is carried out through the attic and into without fail extends beyond the roof.
In this case, the following conditions must be met:
- To prevent the collapse of the structure in the attic, a fastening system is provided.
- The minimum level of elevation of the fan pipe above flat roof- 30 cm, over pitched - 50 cm.
- When the fan pipe is placed in parallel with the ventilation circuit of the house, the edge of the fan pipe is set at least 15 cm higher than the edge of the ventilation pipe.
- At gable roof the fan pipe should be taken out from the leeward side.
- The distance between the edge of the vent pipe and the nearest window or balcony is at least 4 m.
- To prevent contamination, the head is equipped with a special protective deflector. Installing another type of equipment will inevitably worsen the quality of the sewer ventilation circuit, as well as provoke the formation of condensate.
- When the head rises above the roof level to a height of more than 50 cm, a bracing system is installed that firmly fixes the position of the pipe on the roof.
Sometimes you can lead the fan pipe through the gable part of the roof, this will preserve the integrity of the roofing. In addition, technically, such installation is easier to perform, the main thing is to comply with the requirements for the remoteness of the head from the window and balcony structures of the house. Otherwise, fetid aromas will be drawn into the house.
How is the output through the roof
For output through the roof, a mounting hole is made in the roofing pie, 1-2 cm larger than the diameter of the fan pipe. After the pipeline is assembled, it is necessary to carefully seal the through hole.
For this, special polymeric elastic linings are used, the so-called master flashes. They are:
- Easily installed.
- Provides a tight seal.
- Reliably protect the place of passage from leakage.
Along the edges of the lining, you should additionally walk with sealant.
The main mistakes during installation
Everything that is prohibited by the norms of SNiP, but for some unknown reason is often ignored by craftsmen, can be safely attributed to the number of errors:
- Unauthorized removal of the fan line.
- Reducing the cross section of the fan pipe compared to the main sewer riser.
- Conclusion of the head to the attic.
- The erection of a fan circuit along the outer wall of the building.
- Conclusion of the fan pipeline to the standard general house ventilation system.
Combining a fan circuit with a chimney can cause a fire due to the ignition of sewer gases.
Is soundproofing and insulation required?
Soundproofing the fan pipe is not a mandatory requirement, but it is not forbidden either. This issue becomes especially relevant when the pipeline passes through living rooms. The noise of sewage, air pops and vibrations can cause discomfort.
The following materials are used for soundproofing:
- Mounting foam. The surface of the fan pipe simply foams with it. However, it should be noted that such a design will look unattractive, and it is also quite problematic to dismantle it later, and you can forget about repairs altogether.
- Special board materials, made in the form of a rigid shell, exactly repeating the configuration of the pipeline. They are easy to install, hold well and do not cause difficulties during dismantling.
- Soft rolled soundproofing canvases, with which the highway is usually wrapped in 2-3 layers (depending on the thickness and sound-absorbing qualities of the material). The inconvenience of using soft sheets lies in the need to ensure their sufficiently rigid fixation, which prevents the material from rolling along the vertical plane of the pipeline.
The use of thick-walled polypropylene pipes can reduce the noise effect of a running sewer.
But the insulation of the fan pipeline is not an idle question, especially when it comes to an unheated basement, upper floors and an attic. The temperature difference provokes the formation of condensate and its freezing in the pipe circuit, reducing the efficiency of the ventilation system. For insulation, as a rule, the same materials are used as for sound insulation.
Rules for replacing a pipe
The need to replace the fan riser arises when the old design:
- Obviously worn out, and the connections loosened.
- Has damage.
- Made from old cast iron pipes, long outdated.
Replacement work should begin with disconnecting the obsolete structure from the sewer riser, which should be temporarily closed with a plug during the repair. This will prevent the release of fetid odors into the room, and will also prevent the remnants of the old pipe from entering the sewer circuit.
After dismantling the old structure, you can proceed to install a new one. The sequence of these works is described above. Do you have any questions? Watch the video.
Repairing a plastic fan pipe is a simple matter. It is enough to replace the damaged area with a new one or install a special crimp repair sleeve in this place.
With cast iron pipelines, everything is much more complicated, especially when it comes to the old fund. Over time, cast iron becomes more brittle, and it is almost impossible to disassemble a battered cast-iron joint without damage. Better to do a complete replacement.
Fan pipe alternative
Some alternative to the fan line are special devices - aerators. In their people.
Sewerage must be connected to the ventilation system. This is necessary to maintain a constant pressure in the drainage system and ensure that unpleasant odors are removed. A fan riser in a private house is used precisely for such purposes.
Why is it needed
To prevent the penetration of odors from the sewer into the living room, siphons are used in toilet bowls and sinks. After draining the water, a certain amount of liquid remains in them. The level of this water depends on the pressure in the drainage system. But, if at one moment a vacuum forms in the vertical riser, then the water will leave the siphons. Because of this, the system will be disrupted.
This may happen if throughput siphon will be equal to the amount of a one-time flow. For example, with a toilet outlet diameter of 110 mm and a washbasin of 50, a 150 mm siphon is used. Then, when the water is flushed in the toilet bowl and sink, the siphon will completely block.
If the house is one-story, then the installation of a fan riser is not needed, but in a private two-story building it is necessary. How to determine if a fan drain is needed in a two-story house:
- The house has a swimming pool;
- The plot is small and in close proximity to the house there is a drainage well or storage tank;
- The main riser has a small section, less than that of some consumers (say, a toilet bowl).
Fan pipe installation rules
There are certain SNiP requirements for installing a fan riser in a country private house. The most important rule is that the diameter of the main sewer pipe (main riser) must exactly match the size of the ventilation communication. This is extremely important, otherwise fecal waste from the sewer can enter the ventilation outlet.
There are several types of fan pipe:
- Vertical;
- Horizontal;
- Angular.
Depending on the requirement for a sewer outlet and the type of sewerage, a scheme for its installation and wiring is selected. Therefore, fan pipes can be of any design.
The slope of the fan pipe is also very important. The minimum value is 30 mm per linear meter of riser, with a diameter of 50 mm. It turns out that if the total length of the fan pipe is 3 meters, then optimal slope will:
3000 / 30 = 100 mm. Of course, this indicator is standardized, but experts are repelled precisely from this norm. Similarly, the slope is calculated for a 110 mm pipe - 20 mm is used. Another key rule is the larger the cross section of the bend, the smaller the slope. The maximum allowable diameter for a fan riser is 200 mm, and its slope should not exceed 7 mm.
Also, in addition to the communication itself, you need to install a fan - it will pump air, and a check air valve. An aerator or valve is a device that prevents the penetration of fecal matter into the nozzles of toilet bowls and sinks. It consists of a membrane, a cover and a locking device. When the pressure of the masses in the main riser reaches a maximum, the membrane changes its position under the influence of pressure and the locking mechanism. Drains pass through the valve and enter the sewer. They cannot return back, because the diameter of the cover exceeds the section of the branch pipe.
And the last requirement is very important that ventilation outlet from the sewer was discharged directly into the atmosphere. Then the smells of drains will quickly and freely disperse. To ensure quick "refreshment" and constant pressure, the end should be in a cold place - unheated, and the beginning of communication - in the room.
Mounting
Before starting work, a plan is developed. The level of the ventilation riser must be above the outlets of consumers in the sewer. In addition, the location of the valve and the slope of the branches are calculated separately.
Let's see how to do it yourself:
Video: Features of installing a fan riser.
Periodically, the ventilation fan outlet will have to be cleaned. To do this, you can call specialists, or do all the work yourself. For cleaning, you will need a flexible rubber brush or a regular plumbing cable with a brush at the end. This procedure must be carried out every year.
Price overview
You can buy a fan pipe for a private house at any plumbing store. Manufacturers offer bends made of PVC and steel. Depending on the material from which the outlet is made and its diameter, the price of this communication varies significantly. In addition, it can be socket or fitting (installation of the latter requires the installation of an additional fitting).
Not everyone knows why the sewer system needs access to the roof. In fact, the fan riser is an important part of this system and with insufficient attention to its installation, the result can be unpleasant. The article discusses in detail what a sewer riser is in a private house without access to the roof or brought out through the roof (which is done more often) and why it is needed. Having understood this issue, it will be possible to choose the most high-quality and reliable option for installation.
What it is
When they build private house, it is necessary to bring various communications to it. One of them is sewerage. At first glance, you might think that it is enough for her to equip only a sewer drain. Actually this is not enough.
In order to explain the purpose of the fan riser, you need to remember how the toilet is drained in more detail. After the sewage merges, a certain amount of water then gets there. Part of it remains in the toilet. It is actually a water seal, the role of which, in particular, is to prevent the unpleasant smell from drains from entering the living quarters. It is important to understand that this protective layer water is inside the toilet bowl.
If several such plumbing fixtures are installed in the house, then in each of them, which is not currently in use, there is such a water seal.
When a drain occurs in one of the toilet bowls, then for a short period of time immediately after the outflow of sewage and drained water, the pressure here decreases. Since all the others are connected to this pipe, the water seals are broken in them and an unpleasant smell penetrates into the premises.
It is important to note that this situation exists not only in relation to toilets, but to all drains that are connected to the sewer. For example, we can talk about a water seal in the bathroom or in the sink, if they are connected in this way.
This situation could have been avoided if the pipe had an additional outlet through which air could freely enter it. In this case, low pressure at the drain point would not arise and the water seals would not be broken anywhere.
Odors from the sewer could also come out through a similar pipe. A fan riser is a pipe that performs the indicated functions, which is connected to the sewer system of the house and brought out of it.
How necessary. In fact, the system in question is actively used in apartment buildings. IN sewer system the drain from the apartments goes into a vertical pipe.
Its lower end is connected to the drain system, and the upper end is brought to the roof and actually performs the function of a fan riser.
Technical requirements
The outlet pipe is not provided with any regulatory requirements defining the diameter. Usually, for this purpose, a pipe similar to a sewer is used in apartment buildings.
Suppose, in a private house, a pipe with a diameter of 5 cm is used for draining from a sink, a hole drain tank is 7 cm, the pipe from the toilet is 10 cm. In this case, a roof drain pipe with a diameter of 10 cm can be used for the fan riser.
Practice confirms that such a pipe is sufficient to ensure constant pressure in the drainage system and to carry out ventilation in it. If we are talking about a one-story private house in which only one toilet is installed, then here you can do without installing a fan riser.
This is due to the fact that the drain in this case will not be able to create a sufficiently strong decrease in pressure so that unpleasant consequences can be felt.
However, in some cases, fan risers on the roof are necessary:
If the house has at least two apartments with fully equipped sewerage systems, provided that they connected to a common net.
A sewer outlet to the roof for ventilation of the riser is required in a house where there is more than two floors.
If equipped horizontal sewerage provided it is connected three or more number of plumbing fixtures.
It is also necessary to provide:
Although usually risers sewers have diameter 10 cm, however, sometimes there are situations when pipe diameter 5 cm. Then the outlet of the vent pipe to the roof is compulsory.
If the house has swimming pool, discharging water into sewer system, the use of the considered construction is also necessary. This is due to the fact that in such a situation it is possible to reset a large number water.
Fan riser, access to the roof is needed in cases where stock happening in private septic tanks located Near home.
If the house one-story, but bathroom And toilet are located at different levels, and the runoff occurs in one pipe.
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Installation
When installing the riser, it is important to pay attention to some points:
No need underestimate diameter outlet pipe. If it is too narrow, then its thickness may not be enough for quality work. Pipe diameter 100 mm is most suitable for this purpose.
Horizontal part of the sewer system should not be located on same level. In this case, there is a risk of water or air traffic jams. It is recommended that the pipe be installed with a weak bias. It is generally considered sufficient to use a slope of two centimeters per meter of length for this.
Sometimes when installing the system do riser outlet not on the roof, but on attic. do it categorically Not recommended. From exposure to the outgoing air layer thermal insulation roofs may become damp. Another consequence could be decay rafters.
When installing a pipe on a roof, it is sometimes installed on its hole deflector. He will protect from hits rainfall and random debris. Additionally, its influence in windy weather will be expressed in increased thrust. But there is another opinion. It is believed that this or another additional device installed above the pipe opening contributes to the formation condensate, which in winter frosty weather will lead to icing pipes from the inside. As a result, it will be partially clogged and may cease to perform their functions.
When carrying out installation, you need to consider:
The pipe of the fan riser is not recommended shift away from vertical sewer runoff. If for some reason this is difficult to do, then transitional connection is best done with corrugated pipes.
It is believed that height pipes above the roof should be 50 cm. Roof outlet is recommended to be located on distance at least 4 meters from balconies or windows.
The reliability of the system will be higher if you install back valve. It's set in where it happens stock into a common sewer. Its action is that drains from the apartment or house outside pass free, and in reverse direction gases And liquids do not penetrate at all.
Video description
A video with a detailed story about what a fan pipe is, how it works, how to make it, how to prevent sewer smells and avoid mistakes:
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Is it necessary to bring to the roof
Sometimes in apartment buildings, residents of the upper floor independently dismantle the riser pipe leading up.
The motivation for such a decision is insufficient knowledge of the principles of sewerage operation and the idea of a fan riser as something superfluous and unnecessary. Shortly thereafter, a persistent smell from the sewer pipe appears on the upper floors.
It is possible to improve the situation. In this case, there is no need to install fan pipes on the roof. It is enough to attach a special valve to it. It will not release air to the outside, but when a zone is formed low pressure let in air, which will prevent the violation of water seals.
Such a riser does not need to be brought to the roof. The valve must be installed at the top of the sewer pipe system. Although this is convenient (there is no need to equip a pipe passing through the roof), but such a device does not have high reliability.
Vacuum valve for installation at the top of sewer pipes Source drive2.ru
For the installation of a fan riser, it is worth paying attention to the following:
When removing the pipe to the roof, you need close the hole with a grate. This is necessary for protection from birds.
Sometimes during the operation of this system it is heard quiet unpleasant noise. To get rid of it, you need to wrap pipe soundproof coated.
It's not always possible withdraw on the roof fan pipe from each sewer system. In this case, you can provide for one pipe per several risers.
Installation of a fan riser
For this, plastic or cast iron pipes. There are several options for their laying. It can be straight, oblique or with a horizontal section. The first of these options is considered the most effective, but it can not be implemented in all cases. Less suitable is the location of the fan pipe at an angle.
Fan riser laying options, pipe material and outlets vary Source sovet-ingenera.com
If it is not possible to carry out the installation by the previous methods, then you will have to use the installation, where a horizontal section of the pipe will be used. It is laid within the attic from the point where it will be possible to install a vertical pipe.
The exit of the fan pipe to the roof is carried out in one of the following ways:
It can be done in the form roof pipes.
Sometimes it is done through beveled wall roofs.
Sometimes it happens that the outlet is located inside the attic premises.
The last option is of lower quality. At the same time, moisture escapes through the pipe, which can lead to condensation and rotting of the roof. In addition, odors inherent in sewerage spread through the pipe. When it is located on the roof, such impact is minimized.
The second option is considered vulnerable to icing.
In the attic, you can equip an exit from the riser only if you install a special valve there, which can only let air in, but not out.
Video description
The story of the fan riser for ventilation of the septic tank, see the following video:
Conclusion
The use of fan risers is mandatory, except in a one-story single-family private house. If this is not taken care of, unpleasant odors will constantly appear in the apartment. A properly selected system for installing a fan riser will finally solve this problem.
A vent pipe is a sewer component, without which it is impossible to equip a bathroom. It is designed to communicate the sewer riser with the atmosphere, prevents the formation of wastewater and the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the bathroom.
A toilet drain pipe installed in the toilet prevents underpressure in the sewer system and ensures uninterrupted operation of water locks. In our material, we will understand what kind of fan pipes are, and also talk about the rules for their installation.
Fan pipes are classified according to the structural material used in the manufacture of products.
The classification divides the fan pipes into 2 types:
- metal;
- plastic.
The metal (cast iron) version can be installed in a sewer system made of a similar material. Plastic products can be installed in both plastic and cast iron pipelines.
When installing a plastic element, a flexible sewer pipe, a monolithic elbow or a compact adapter is obtained. Cast iron products do not have flexibility and do not differ in a variety of shapes.
What is a fan pipe used for?
According to the building codes in force today, the process of building a sewerage system for a one-story house can be carried out without a fan pipe. This is due to the small number of one-time drains.
If the building consists of two or more floors or the housing is equipped with several bathrooms, then a fan pipe is required in order to ensure stable pressure in the sewer system. This element connects the riser to the atmosphere, maintaining a stable atmospheric pressure even in the event of a volumetric release of water from the toilet tank, which provokes a vacuum in the outlet line.
According to accepted building codes, in a one-story building with one bathroom, there is a minimum amount of drains, so installing a vent pipe in the bathroom is optional.
If several toilet rooms are equipped in the living room, then the situation changes dramatically and a vent pipe installed on the toilet is a vital necessity.
This rule applies in the following cases:
- the house has 2 or more levels, which are equipped with a sewer system and water supply;
- cross-sectional diameter of the sewer riser - 50 mm;
- inside the building there is a swimming pool or water equipment, which lowers a significant amount of wastewater into the sewer;
- The septic tank is located close to the house, which can cause a rather unpleasant odor.
In the above cases, vacuum without a vent pipe can lead to the rapid emptying of the siphons under the toilet or sink, which will ensure direct contact of the "atmosphere" of the septic tank with the microclimate of the room.
Thus, the installation of a fan product in the sewer system ensures a stable pressure in the outlet pipeline and preserves the integrity of the water drains in the siphons under special drain holes that cut off the unpleasant aroma of septic tanks from the home microclimate.
The construction of a sewerage and ventilation system with fan pipes is rational in the following cases:
- when installing a sewer riser in a private house with a diameter of 50 mm;
- if the house has two or more floors, each of which has bathrooms;
- a private house is equipped with plumbing equipment, for example, a pool that generates powerful water flows;
- an autonomous sewerage system is located next to the residential building.
Toilets with direct (vertical) outlet to the floor are mounted using special spare parts. The sewer interchange is usually located under the floors, and the pipes do not require walls and partitions.
Plumbing installation with horizontal outlet
Connecting toilet models with a direct (horizontal to the floor) outlet is relevant for the conditions in our country. This is due to the fact that the bathroom is tied to a specific wall of the toilet room due to the specific layout of the sewer pipes in typical houses Russia.
Since the release in these models is directed backwards, it is located in the back of the product. The outlet pipe is attached to the pipe using a sealing cuff.
During installation, special attention should be paid to fixing the plumbing equipment to the floor of the bathroom. The legs of the bowl of sanitary ware with a horizontal outlet have specially made holes designed to securely fix the toilet bowl to the floor.
Connecting plumbing fixtures with direct outlet ends with an installation process during which screws and dowels are used. Fastening must be carried out carefully, since in the case of a strong “pulling out” of the screw, the integrity of the surface of the sanitary ware can be damaged.
Installation of plumbing equipment with an oblique outlet
The process of installing and connecting plumbing equipment with an oblique outlet is carried out in stages:
- Before connecting plumbing to the sewer system, the outlet of the device with grooves located inside should be lubricated with a mixture of red lead and drying oil (or sealant).
- From above it is necessary to carefully wind the resin strand. The tip of the 0.5 cm long process must remain free, since the ends of the strand can fall into the hole and cause clogging.
- The wrapped resin strand is lubricated with red lead.
Then the toilet bowl is installed, during which the outlet process is fixed in the socket of the sewer pipe.
