Sewerage in private house- This is a pipe wiring, consisting of two parts: internal and external. Therefore, when the installation of sewerage is carried out, the process itself is divided into two stages: the assembly of the internal sewer system and the external one. Everything is done separately, taking into account the calculations of the diameter of the pipes and the choice of material from which they are made. Gone are the days when the sewerage of a private house was assembled from cast-iron or asbestos pipes. They served their purpose by handing over the reins of government to plastic pipes. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to correctly approach the choice of sewer pipes.
Types of sewer pipes
Today, two types of polymer pipes are used to assemble sewers in private homes: PVC and polypropylene. The former are used for outdoor system, the second for internal.
Sewer pipes
Polypropylene sewer pipes have a gray color and a spread of standard diameters from 20 mm to 400 mm. At the same time, their connection is bell-shaped using a rubber cuff, which ensures the tightness of the joint. To facilitate the installation of the sewer system, manufacturers offer various fittings: elbows, bends, crosses, tees, adapters, plugs and other profile products of different diameters.
As for PVC sewer pipes, everything is the same here as regards connections and fittings. But they have an orange or red color, so it will be impossible to confuse. Plus, a diameter that starts at 50mm and ends at 1200mm. For external sewerage of a private house, diameters of 110-200 mm are most often used.
Internal sewerage of a private house
Mounting internal sewerage a private home is harder than an outdoor one. The thing is that inside the house there are a large number of water consumers: taps, faucets, showers, washing and washing machines, toilets. And they are all located in different rooms. Therefore, the piping has a complex scheme, which is assembled into a single system and brought out, connecting to the external part of the sewer. If the house is built on several floors, then each of them has its own system, and all floors are combined by one vertical riser, which is assembled from a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm.
Usually the riser is installed in the place where the sewerage will be taken out of the house. Here it is important to observe one important rule- the smaller the distance, the more efficient system working. Therefore, the riser is installed at the wall of the building, which will be closest to sewer well or septic.
As for the piping of the internal sewer system, you have to take into account the volume of water that must pass through it.
- A pipe with a diameter of 25-32 mm can be removed from the sink.
- From kitchen sink 32-40 mm.
- From a shower or bath 32-50 mm.
- From a washing machine or dishwasher 40-50 mm.
- From the toilet bowl 110 mm.
And the more connections are made in one system, the larger the diameter of the pipe must combine them. For example, if the sink and Dishwasher in the kitchen, then a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm is installed under each of them. But they are connected when they are taken out of the kitchen into a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm, which, for example, will be further combined with a sink and a bathroom, which in the final result will give a combined pipe with a diameter of 110 mm.
Therefore, it is very important to first draw a piping diagram with the exact installation of plumbing fixtures, and only then calculate the dimensions of the piping with an accurate determination of the diameters of the purchased products.
Scheme of wiring the sewerage of one floor of a private house
Installation process rules
Exist certain rules installation of sewer pipes that are installed in the internal wiring.
- The socket of the sewer pipe, which is connected to the very first and last consumer, must be located at least 80 cm from the floor level. That is, this consumer is the farthest from the riser. If there are not so many fittings along the water path, then you can lower the installation level to 30 cm.
- The toilet must be connected to the riser with a pipe of the same diameter as the riser itself. And its length should not exceed 1 m.
- Each plumbing fixture must be equipped with a water seal (siphon).
- The slope of sewer pipes should be 2-3 mm per meter of piping length.
- Fastening to the supporting structures of the building is carried out using special clamps, of which there should be two for each element. Clamps are usually installed at socket connections.
Internal sewerage in a private house
The plastic pipe is easily cut, so it can be cut to the required length with a hacksaw or a grinder. All connections, as mentioned above, are bell-shaped. Therefore, it will not be difficult to assemble the sewer with your own hands. The main thing is to follow the installation scheme of the sewerage system exactly.
Attention! Where to start installing the sewer: from a riser or from a plumbing fixture, everyone decides for himself.
If a private house has a basement in its design, then the entire wiring of the first floor can be done there. It is convenient in terms of installation and maintenance. Secondly, the pipeline will not be visible, which will increase the space of the premises and their aesthetics. appearance. Laying sewer pipes in the walls is not recommended. For them, boxes of their various finishing materials with frame device.
Installation of sewerage in the basement of the house
External sewerage of a private house
It is easier internal in terms of its installation. But in addition to pipes, the sewer system includes a septic tank or a well, as well as several manholes. The installation of the sewerage system (external) begins with earthworks. With the help of shovels, a pit is dug under a septic tank or a well, and there may be several pits if the septic tank is built in the form of several overflow wells. Further, a trench is dug from it to the house. The main requirement for it is straightness without a large number of bends and turns, plus adhere to the slope towards the well.
By the way, about the slope of the pipeline for the outdoor system. It all depends on the diameter of the pipe used. For example, for pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, the slope should be 20 mm per running meter assembled pipeline. For a pipe of 160 mm - 8 mm slope, for 200 mm - 7 mm.
The slope of the installation of sewer pipes
As for the minimum number of taps, this is an important component on which the efficiency of the entire system depends. The thing is that even the smallest turn from the straightness of the pipeline is a place where a blockage can form. And if the angle of inclination is chosen incorrectly, then it is guaranteed to form in this place.
Installation rules
If a standard septic tank is installed, made of plastic or metal, then there should be no problems with its installation. The bottom of the pit is leveled horizontally, sprinkled with sand 15-20 cm thick, and compacted. After that, it is necessary to lower the septic tank into it.
Attention! The inlet pipe of the septic tank must be oriented exactly along the sewer pipe. It is optimal if they are located on the same axis. Deviations are possible, but small.
Installed septic tank
If a well or septic tank is being built from different materials, that is, an unfinished option, then the complexity of installing a sewer in a private house increases dramatically. For example, a well made of reinforced concrete rings. It is necessary to dig a pit, fill it with a sand or crushed stone pillow 15-20 cm thick, tamp it down, pour a concrete layer with a thickness of at least 7 cm, and, if possible, lay a reinforcing frame made of metal mesh or fittings.
Then you need to wait a few days for the concrete base to dry out. And after that, use a crane to collect the reinforced concrete rings themselves. And before that, the rings are additionally waterproofed from the outside. All this is difficult and costly. Therefore, the easiest option is to install a ready-made septic tank, at worst a sealed or leaky container.
Connection of two sewer pipes
Now with regard to the installation of sewer pipes. With their bias, everything is clear. But there is one important process - their thermal insulation. More recently, sewer pipes were laid below the freezing level of the soil. Why a huge amount of earthwork was carried out, because in many regions this figure is more than 1.5 m. Today, this method of sewer insulation can not be used. Application thermal insulation materials different kind solves this problem.
Of course, many are faced with the question of which pipe insulation to choose. To date perfect option- these are heat-insulating cylinders (shells), which are made from almost all types of heaters: mineral wool, foamed polymers different kind etc. The shell is simply put on the pipe and fastened with clamps or tape. By the way, internal sewage pipes located in an unheated basement also need to be insulated with this material.
Thermal insulation of the sewer pipe
If the external sewer system is very long, then manholes must be installed in it. One well per 50 m length of a straight pipeline. Be sure to install a well near the outlets or connections (for example, when a branch from an outdoor pool or summer kitchen is connected to the main branch). Their purpose is to control sewer flows and, if necessary, repair and clean the system through them.
You can buy ready-made wells, such manufacturers of sewer pipes offer today. And you can make them with your own hands from the same pipes of only large diameter, for example, from 400 or 500 mm. They are installed in trenches in a vertical position and connected to the ends of the connected pipes.
Attention! Where to start installing sewer pipes: from a septic tank or from a house, everyone decides for himself.
Mounting diagram
- The bottom of the excavated trench is leveled taking into account the slope of the sewer system. Greater precision is not required here.
- A sand bed is made with a thickness of 15-20 cm. It is this that will have to be strictly aligned to the slope of the pipe laying.
- After that, the installation of pipes is carried out. And at this stage, the angle of inclination of the system is checked using a long level.
- Connecting a pipe to a septic tank and a pipe from the inside of the sewerage system of a private house.
- As for insulation, the cylinders are put on before the connection is made. That is, at first the pipe is set strictly along the slope, then a heater is put on it, and after that it is laid in a trench.
- The trenches are backfilled with soil.
Installation of sloped pipes
In order for the sewage disposal system to function flawlessly, several nuances must be taken into account when arranging it. Today we will tell you what sewerage is for a private house, how to install it correctly and what mistakes should be avoided.
Pipe laying
Sewer wiring is one of the most complex processes, so its arrangement should be given the closest attention. Its assembly must fully comply with the requirements of SNiP.Installation of the sewerage system is carried out in stages:
first fit release(pipe connecting the external street and intra-house system);
Release device
Further mounted riser- the central pipe, located vertically; to facilitate maintenance, it is better if he is alone in the house; as a rule, it is located in utility rooms or a toilet; it should not be mounted in living rooms or kitchens; it is installed openly or fits into a special shaft;
Last to connect bends, starting from the crosses, only upside down; while the toilet is connected to the riser only separately with a pipe of 100-110 mm, other devices can be connected to a single common supply with thin pipes of 50 mm.
Advice. Liquid soap can be used to facilitate the entry of pipes into fasteners.
Mounting release
1. For him, it is better to mount a special hole during the construction of the house. If it is not there, then a hole is made in the foundation 200-250 mm wider than the diameter of the pipe itself.2. Hole waterproofed using bituminous mastic.
3. Next, a special sleeve is inserted into it (a segment with a diameter of 20-40 mm more than the outlet pipe). It serves to prevent the destruction of the main pipeline. The sleeve should protrude from the foundation on both sides by 150 mm.
4. The outlet pipe is placed in the sleeve. The space between them is carefully filled with foam.
5. The sleeve is connected to the house sewer pipe oblique tee(tee 45°) and withdrawal.
Sewer crosses, tees and bends
Slope angle
Since sewage flows through the pipes by gravity, in order to avoid blockages, the angle of their slope should be correctly determined. It is calculated based on the diameter of the pipeline. And for each plumbing fixture, it is selected separately:40-55 mm - from 3%;
85-100 mm - from 2%.
Naturally, the farther the device is from the riser, the more the slope should be increased. Let's say drain hole located at a distance of 200 m from the riser itself. To obtain the required angle of inclination, the pipe should be shifted in height by 60 mm.
Pipe angle
Advice. When choosing pipes for sewerage, please note that outdoor pipes are always painted orange, and pipes intended for indoor installation are gray.
Riser installation
1. He's only going upwards. For such a pipe, appropriate openings are prepared in the ceilings and roof. To reduce the noise of the passage of water from the wall or strobe, 20 mm should be retreated.2. The riser is mounted only strictly vertical. Minor deviations of up to 2 mm for every 2 m are allowed.
3. So that the joints do not interfere with the passage of liquid, the sockets are mounted above.
4. Gradually connect when assembled side branches and inspection hatches. For this, oblique tees and crosses are used.
5. When connecting the bends, the pipes running parallel to the floor are laid on special supports.
Scheme of the sewer system
6. Excessive pipe turns should be avoided, if they cannot be avoided, it is better to use two tees at 45 °, and even better three at 30 °; if you choose one in 90°, then the waste in it will be stagnate; in addition, when connected at a right angle, the pressure in the riser will be limiting, which will lead to excessive noise in room.
Advice. Since blockages occur most often at the corners, be sure to provide revision or inspection hatches next to them.
7. The riser is fixed to the wall with clamps, which should be located under the sockets. The distance between the clamps is up to 4 m. In order not to damage the system, the holes for them should be prepared in advance or, during their preparation, the riser should be disassembled for a while.
Riser Assembly Scheme
Arrangement of the hood
To prevent odors from entering the room, a curved pipe is provided at the bottom of all plumbing fixtures (sinks, toilet bowls, etc.) - water seal. However, with intensive use of sewage in the riser, a vacuum is sometimes formed. In this case, there is a "breakdown of the water seal" - gases without water resistance begin to penetrate into the house.To avoid this, it is necessary to provide for their removal into the atmosphere. The fan pipe for ventilation of the sewer system is brought out through the roof. Its diameter is always equal to the main pipe diameter. If fan pipe passes through an unheated attic space, it must be insulated.
With a small bandwidth sewers sewerage equipment without exhaust is allowed. However, in this case, the riser must necessarily end with a cleaning or revision hatch.
Inspection hatch and cleaning hole (equipped with a plug)
Basic wiring rules
In order to avoid problems with sewage during operation, the following rules should be followed when arranging it:To prevent a splash of sewage, all plumbing is connected above the toilet;
To avoid blockages, strong kinks and excessive sharp pipe bends;
Sewer system installation
supply pipe diameter it is selected equal to or slightly larger than the size of the largest pipe from the plumbing fixture;
If there is a toilet in the house common riser diameter must be greater than or at least equal to 100 mm - the diameter of the toilet pipe;
The eyeliner to it should not exceed a meter; from other plumbing fixtures allowed eyeliner length up to 3 m; if for some reason it is made larger, then its diameter is increased to the size of the common riser (at least 100 mm); in order not to increase its diameter, it is possible to equip a vacuum valve at its upper end;
To maintain the system, it is necessary to provide inspection hatches and hatches for cleaning; they should be placed every 10 m;
To in winter period pipes are not frozen, in places where they pass underground, they should be carefully insulate.
The system is one of the most important and expensive engineering communications of a private residential building. The efficiency of functioning, the complexity of installation, the number and cost of elements of this system depend on the development of the project. The grafical part project documentation, in accordance with which a do-it-yourself sewerage system is installed in a private house - an arrangement of plumbing devices, connections and revisions. This article provides information on regulatory requirements and the main problems of drawing up layout diagrams, criteria for choosing sewer equipment and the features of its installation.
Read in the article
Rules for drawing up a sewerage scheme with your own hands in a private house
When drawing up a sewerage scheme, it is necessary to take into account regulatory requirements, both sanitary and construction:
- TCP 45-4.01-51-2007"Water supply and sewerage systems of manor houses";
- SanPiN 42-128-4690-88"Sanitary rules for the maintenance of territories of populated areas";
- SanPiN 4630"Sanitary rules and norms of protection surface water from pollution";
- SNiP 30-02-97"Planning and development of territories of horticultural associations of citizens, buildings and structures."
When determining the volume and capacity of sewer pipelines, it is necessary to focus on the average water consumption per person. Settling tanks and cesspools should not be located closer than 4 m to the border of the neighboring plot and 15 m to the drinking water.
The scheme should describe the mechanism for connecting the internal and external sewage, the type and structure of the septic tank, what products and equipment will be used, its technical parameters. Based on the list of materials used, the cost is calculated. The graphic part should be linked to the plan of the house and the backyard, where the places for laying pipelines and installing plumbing products will be indicated.
Key Factors Affecting Layout and Design
In addition to calculating the average daily water consumption, the following factors influence the design of the sewerage scheme:
- The magnitude of the volley discharge- peak load on the sewerage system (as a rule, falls on the morning and evening hours), which depends on the number of plumbing fixtures installed in the house;
- Performance of treatment facilities. Depending on this indicator, one of three options for the disposal of treated wastewater is selected:
- up to 5 m 3 / day - discharge into the soil. Provided that the soil filtration coefficient has comparable indicators, and the discharge point is above the level ground water at 1 m;
- up to 0.3 m 3 / day - periodic removal by a special vehicle is allowed;
- The discharge of wastewater into a reservoir is regulated not only by their quantity, but also by the degree of treatment in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 4630.
- M material for the manufacture of sewage treatment plants:, fiberglass, metal, various polymers (, polyethylene). From specifications the material depends on the structural design of the structure, the method of installation, further maintenance and operation;
- Power supply. Modern highly efficient treatment facilities are equipped with various types, compressors and aerators. They are based on electronic control units to which temperature and liquid level detectors are connected;
- Building site topology- terrain, slope direction, proximity to water bodies and the presence of potential places for discharge of treated sewage water;
- Geodesy of the construction site- the type and structure of the soil, the depth of its freezing, as well as the depth of groundwater are determined. These factors affect complexity and cost. installation work, the need for additional or the purchase of a sealed septic tank of a closed cycle cleaning.
Varieties of sewer facilities and features of their functioning
In accordance with TKP 45-4.01-51-2007, the following types of treatment facilities are allowed for the arrangement and laying of sewers in a private house:
- septic tank;
- filter well;
- underground filtration field;
- filter trench;
Important! In most cases, the listed facilities should be used in conjunction with a septic tank, which performs primary rough cleaning.
septic tank
The most common, when arranging a sewer for a private house with your own hands, are two types of septic tanks:
Cumulative - are sealed plastic containers. They are affordable, do not require connection to the power supply network, and can be installed in close proximity to sources / wells of drinking water. A significant disadvantage is the need for constant pumping of wastewater, therefore, constant payment for sewage services.
With soil cleaning. Primary treatment of sewage water is carried out in sealed containers, where large fecal fractions settle to the bottom and are exposed to anaerobic bacteria. “Clarified” wastewater, the degree of purification of which does not exceed 40%, is pumped forcibly or falls by gravity into the filtration facilities, from which, after the final stage of cleaning, they seep into the ground.
Filter well
Effluent entering the tank passes through a gravel filter and seeps through it to the bottom and perforated walls, and from there into the ground.
- pipe;
- Plate chipper;
- Pipe for the flow of waste.
For arrangement, solid or perforated reinforced concrete rings with a height of 0.9 m, an internal diameter of at least 1.0 m and a wall thickness of 8 cm are used. excessive soil pollution. As a material for making walls, it is often used (with holes in the masonry), large-diameter plastic or car tires. Such options are much cheaper, but significantly reduce the life of the structure.
Underground filtration field
On the site lay with perforated walls. Through them, runoff is distributed over a large drainage area and soaked into the soil, passing more evenly and in small quantities through the gravel pack. This method is associated with a significant amount of earthwork. When determining the depth of the pit, it is necessary to take into account:
- Gravel filter thickness - 20÷50 cm;
- Diameter of perforated pipes - 20÷50 cm;
- The distance from the soil surface to the upper edge of the filtration pipeline is 50 cm.
In addition, when forming the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to provide for a slope from the septic tank along the flow direction of 2 cm per linear meter. The distance between the pipes depends on the type of soil. For sand with a filtration coefficient of 5 ÷ 25 m/day - 2.5 m. For coarse sand filler with a filtration coefficient of 25 ÷ 100 m/day and a gravel filter with a filtration coefficient of 75 ÷ 300 m/day - a distance reduction of up to 2 m is allowed.
At the ends of the filtration pipelines in without fail must be installed with a diameter of 100 mm, a height of at least 70 cm above the ground.
filter trench
The filter trench performs the same functions as the underground filtration field, collecting wastewater after a septic tank, their additional treatment and discharge into the ground. A significant difference is the vertical arrangement of the pipes. This method is no less effective and can be implemented on a much smaller area. Allowed only in areas with a deep water table, since the trench must also have a significant depth.
The total length of the pipeline and the number of pipes and the depth of the trench is calculated according to the same methodology used for underground filtration fields. The width of the trench is taken according to the standard of 0.5 m, the distance between the upper and lower pipes is 0.8 ÷ 1 m, the maximum length of the pipeline is 30 m. If it is necessary to arrange from 2 or more trenches, the distance between them must be at least 3 m.
STP scheme components
The most effective for a private house are sewer systems related to deep biological treatment plants. They are sealed containers, divided into several functional compartments. As a rule, they have a vertical orientation, can be installed by hand and do not take up much space. The principle of operation of such installations is the interaction of fecal matter and organic pollutants with anaerobic bacteria in an environment saturated with air using aeration installations.
Important! Biological treatment plants require some maintenance. First of all, it is necessary to maintain an optimal population of anaerobic bacteria by periodically adding a special concentrate to the appropriate compartment. In everyday life, you can not use excessively aggressive chemical substances that can kill bacteria. The unit must be connected to the power supply.
The cleaning process is carried out in stages:
- In the first section, which occupies the largest volume, the pollutants are separated into fractions. Heavy and insoluble substances sink to the bottom. This chamber must be periodically cleaned with a car vacuum cleaner;
- In the second section (aerotank), wastewater is enriched with atmospheric oxygen by aeration. This is where the active phase of cleaning takes place by biodegradation by bacteria;
- In the third section - a sump, activated sludge is settled;
- From the fourth section, where water enters with the help of a jet pump from the secondary clarifier, completely purified water is discharged from the treatment device through an overflow pipe or a drainage pump.
Internal sewerage device in a private house - diagram and recommendations
The composition of the internal sewerage includes the following elements;
- Plumbing fixtures:,;
- Sewer riser and ventilation pipe attached to it;
- Branch lines;
- Check valve.
Horizontal pipelines are installed with a slope. When laying sewers in a private house, the normative indicators of the slope are often neglected, making it "by eye", significantly exceeding the recommended coefficient. As a result, sewage solids do not have time to be washed out of the pipes along with water, they accumulate inside, creating traffic jams.
Table of dependence of the slope on the diameter of sewer pipes for a private house of pipes
| Diameter, mm | Optimal slope | Minimum allowable slope |
| 50 | 0,035 | 0,025 |
| 100 | 0,02 | 0,012 |
| 150 | 0,01 | 0,007 |
| 200 | 0,008 | 0,003 |
Connection to the riser of branch pipelines is carried out using oblique tees and crosses. Installation of sewer pipes, auxiliary and technical rooms allowed to exercise open way. Fastening is carried out with special couplings with dowels, or pipes are located on supports. In residential premises, as a rule, hidden installation is performed. Sewer pipelines are located in technical niches and shafts, ducts, under the floor. For maintenance - periodic cleaning, the main riser and drainage sewer lines are equipped with revisions in accordance with the standards:
- Sewer riser on the lower and upper floors of a private house;
- Branch lines to which three or more plumbing fixtures are connected;
- At the bends of the pipeline (this is where solid insoluble waste residues most often accumulate);
- On leprous horizontal areas every 8 m.
Do-it-yourself video of arranging sewage in a private house, correct styling pipes with a slope:
Which pipes to choose
The optimal material for pipes for sewerage of a private house are polymers. Products made from them are lightweight and can be installed by hand without the involvement of assistants. The industry produces a large number of adapters, tees, crosses and couplings throughout the range of used diameters. Installation is carried out without the use of specialized equipment and does not require long-term training and special skills. Approximate material is not subject to corrosion and aggressive effects household chemicals, has a long service life. For the sewerage of a private house, the following polymers are most often used:
- PVP (high density polyethylene)- Affordable, but sensitive to temperature changes. Maximum working temperature should not exceed +40°С;
- PP()– has good performance, maximum operating temperature +100°C, withstands aggressive chemicals and significant mechanical stress, has a rather high cost;
- PVC (polyvinyl chloride)- material with the best combination of cost and quality. It can be used for both external and internal sewerage. Resistant to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical impacts of medium intensity, temperatures up to +70°C. However, in the process long-term operation plaque may appear on the walls, which leads to clogging.
Pipe connection
The most common way to install a plastic pipeline is a socket connection. It is performed if the pipe or fitting has the appropriate structural element- bell. The connection process is as follows:
- The bell and the smooth end are cleared of pollution;
- Inserted into a special recess inside the socket rubber compressor, ensuring the tightness of the joints;
- Lubricate the smooth end of the other pipe with silicone grease or ordinary liquid soap, after which it can be easily inserted into the socket until it stops;
Important! It is necessary to provide for the possibility of thermal expansion. To do this, a marker is made on the smooth part of the pipe, after which it is pulled 1 cm out of the socket.
Do-it-yourself stages of work on sewerage in a private house
The sequence of arranging the sewer system of a private house can be divided into several stages:
- Determination of the amount of wastewater, the volume and performance of the septic tank;
- Determination of the location of the septic tank on personal plot in accordance with sanitary standards;
- The device of the internal sewer network;
- Installation of external treatment facilities;
- Laying of the pipeline and connections of external treatment facilities and internal sewerage.
Calculation of the volume of a septic tank
Table of water consumption standards for a private residential building.
| Type of housing and type of life | Consumption, l / day for 1 person | |
| Residential building equipped with plumbing and sewerage system without bath | 125÷160 | |
| A residential building equipped with a water supply and sewerage system with a bathroom and a local one looks like this: V = n × Q × 3 / 1000 , where V - the volume of the septic tank in m 3; n – number of permanent residents; Q - average water consumption per person in m 3; 3 - the number of days of the complete cleaning cycle (according to SNiP). For example, with an average consumption of 0.2 m 3 / person / day, taking into account a three-day reservation, a family of 4 will need a septic tank with a volume of 2.4 m 3. To facilitate calculations, we have developed a handy calculator especially for our readers. Calculator for calculating the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of residents |
||
| For year-round operation of a private residential building | During seasonal operation of a country house | |
| gravel, crushed stone | 0.15÷0.20 | 0.18÷0.24 |
| coarse sand | 0.10÷0.15 | 0.12÷0.18 |
| 0.05÷0.10 | 0.06÷0.12 |
Table of the volume of domestic wastewater per 1 linear meter of the pipeline of the underground filtration field:
| Composition of the filtrate | The maximum volume of treated sewage, m 3 / day per 1 m linear drainage pipeline | ||
| Up to 500 | 500÷600 | Over 600 | |
| Gravel, crushed stone, coarse sand | 0.012÷0.025 | 0.0096÷0.0225 | 0.0084÷0.02 |
| Fine sand, sandy loam | 0.006÷0.020 | 0.0048÷0.18 | 0.0042÷0.016 |
Table of the volume of domestic wastewater per 1 linear meter of the filtration trench pipeline.
Do-it-yourself internal sewerage wiring in a private house
The efficiency of the sewer system of a private house, as well as the ease of arranging it with your own hands, depends on the layout of the entire structure. It is considered optimal if the kitchen and bathroom are located as close as possible to each other, this minimizes the length of the sewer pipeline and allows you to connect all plumbing fixtures to one riser. When installing the internal sewerage system of a private house with your own hands, the following factors must be considered:
- it is necessary to connect directly to the main riser of the sewer system at the minimum possible distance from the pipe, this will reduce the likelihood of blockage of the plumbing fixture;
- It is recommended that other plumbing fixtures be connected to the sewer network above the toilet connection level, this will exclude the possibility of fecal masses entering the outlet lines;
- Piping must be rotated using several angled bends. For example, two 45° or three 30°, this will provide a smoother turn and avoid clogging;
- The sewer riser is necessarily displayed on the roof, where a fan hood is mounted on it, providing a sewer inside; Ways to connect the toilet to the sewer riser
Installation and equipment of the sewage tank
For the installation of a septic tank, regardless of its model, a pit breaks out with dimensions slightly larger than the dimensions of the tank. At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion about 10 cm thick is arranged. It is compacted and leveled as much as possible. To install septic tanks in the pit, it is recommended to use lifting construction equipment, since some models have a rather significant weight. In most cases, fasteners are provided on the case. After installation, the container must be leveled. Neck extensions may be required depending on the design.
Article
Do-it-yourself sewer installation in a private house requires special care and responsibility. The degree of comfort during living and the ease of operation of the facilities (the absence of constantly occurring blockages, freezing of communications, unpleasant odors and loud sounds in the room) depend on how accurately all the conditions and established rules are observed.
Sewer systems for country house- these are complex schemes for the collection, disposal and treatment of wastewater. As a rule, two types of sewerage are organized in the house.
- Household is the collection of wastewater from the toilet, bathroom, kitchen sink and water household appliances(dishwashers and washing machines).
- designed to collect rain and melt water. It prevents flooding of cellars and cellars, damage to the foundation, the appearance of excessive soil moisture and rotting of the roots of cultivated plants.
Since there are no oil and oil products in the storm drains of a private house, it is allowed to combine storm and household sewers into one system, however, such a solution will require a larger volume of the receiver (local treatment plant, septic tank or cesspool) and the associated high equipment costs, so the expediency of such a combination is decided by each homeowner individually.
The composition of the sewer system
Any sewer system can be divided into three main parts:
- house communications, representing the union of drains from each point into a single collector,
- external (or external) pipelines connecting the outlet of the collector from the house (in some cases, outlet pipes from the bath cut into the pipeline or) and the receiving device,
- proper receiving device.
When arranging as a sink for wastewater is the most important issue.
And for the installation of stormwater drainage, an important element is, the types of which have information in a separate article.
You may also need for risers and 50 mm for subsequent wiring.
The receiving device may be a storage or cleaning facility.
- performs partial soil filtration of wastewater, however, bacteria living in the soil are able to process inclusions only if the amount of wastewater does not exceed one cubic meter per day. Just like sealed models with a bottom, requiring pumping out the contents with the help of a sewage machine, this design is more suitable for giving than for a house with permanent residence.
- Finished septic tanks well-known manufacturers are carefully designed and field-proven designs that require cleaning much less often than simpler devices. You can save money by building.
- Local treatment plants (VOCs)- quite expensive and complex devices that require connection to the power grid, which at the same time are able to remove from wastewater and process up to 98% of impurities, forming water and sludge suitable for irrigation, which can be used as an organic environmentally friendly fertilizer.
The choice of the place of the receiver of drains and its parameters
Regardless of the type of receiver (processor or storage), its the volume must be at least three daily norms of water consumption for all residents of the house. The existing norms determine the average value per person - 200 liters, on the basis of which the volume of the tank is calculated as 600 liters (200x3) multiplied by the number of people. When using treatment facilities with several tanks connected in series, their total volume is taken into account.
The location of the receiver is determined taking into account certain requirements.
- The structure is installed at the lowest point of the site, if the latter has a complex relief.
- Distances to important objects must comply with accepted standards:
- to a source of drinking water - up to 50 meters (depending on the type of receiving device, groundwater level),
- to the road - at least 5 m,
- to a reservoir or other open reservoir - 30 m,
- to a residential building - 5 m.
Charting
It is best to take care of the sewerage scheme at the design stage of the house. At that time premises with water drainage are trying to be placed in one sector so as to reduce the length of the pipes. This makes it possible to purchase fewer pipes. In addition, the short length and fewer connections simplify the circuit and reduce the likelihood of malfunctions.
In order for a do-it-yourself sewerage scheme in a private house to fully comply with the requirements, and during its development, important points, you should use ready plan at home or draw it on a piece of graph paper.
- The first step in drawing up a diagram is to plot all the drain points on the plan. If there is more than one floor, a plan with the location of plumbing fixtures is drawn up floor by floor.
- After that, the location of the common riser is applied to the diagram. Since the diameter of the toilet outlet is usually 110 mm and the riser has similar parameters, the latter is most often located in the toilet. This allows you to fulfill one more condition - the length of the outlet from the toilet to the collector should not be more than 1000 mm. It is recommended, if possible, to locate the drain points closer to the riser, the greater their outlet.
- A collector pipeline line is drawn on the diagram to the point of exit from the house, which, at the construction stage, is arranged in the foundation of the building and equipped with a protective sleeve (a piece of pipe whose diameter is so much larger than the diameter of the collector to ensure its free entry and the presence of gaps).
- Drain lines are drawn from each drain point to the collector. Branches located nearby (for example, from the bathroom and the washbasin) can be combined into one line. An exception is the drain line from the toilet, which under any conditions should not have tie-ins from other drain points.
It is important to remember that a do-it-yourself sewerage system in a private house must be carried out with a certain slope (3% for pipes with a diameter of 50 mm, 2% for pipes with a diameter of 110 mm).
- In addition to pipelines for transporting wastewater, the installation site is applied to the diagram.
- An external sewerage scheme is similarly applied to the site plan, taking into account the location of buildings, trees (optimally, communications should take place at a distance of at least 3 meters from them). For every 10-15 meters of the main line, as well as at the places of turns and tie-ins of additional lines, an inspection well is arranged.
Features of the choice of pipes and fittings
The main aspect of pipe selection is the type of material. Despite the strength of cast iron products, sewer systems for a private house are less and less often made of such material due to their heavy weight, which makes transportation and installation difficult. Preferred are modern polymeric materials.
- Flexible and durable polypropylene tolerates high temperatures drains, so it is great for domestic sewage. Typically, these pipes are painted gray.
- Polyvinyl chloride is not so resistant to high temperatures, but it has high strength. Orange pipes made of this material are easily visible in the ground, they are used for external sewage, and gray pipes for internal sewage.
Installation of internal sewerage
Do-it-yourself sewerage device in a private house is recommended to start with the installation of internal sewerage and ventilation for it.
When do-it-yourself sewerage is organized in country house, laying pipes, including the riser, can be hidden and open. In the first case, communications are located in walls, niches or boxes. Mandatory inspection hatches must be arranged for the possibility of inspection and repair. Pipes are attached to the walls with the help of special devices (suspensions, clamps, etc.). During installation, the above principles for selecting the parameters of the system elements are observed (110 mm pipelines for the manifold and toilet outlet, 50 mm for sinks, showers and bathrooms, oblique tees and crosses at the joints), however, experts recommend also installing larger diameter collectors (100- 110 mm) at outlet connections (e.g. washbasins and bathtubs).
Docking of pipes that differ in diameter is carried out using adapters. For each drain point install water seals preventing the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room. Throughout all communications inside the house, special revision tees are installed at each turn of the pipes.
Tip: To reduce the risk of blockages, it is recommended to use not one 90° fitting, but two 45° fittings or three 30° fittings when installing bends.
For those who are important to find the most complete answer to the question of how to conduct sewage in a private house , useful information about ventilation device.
The installation of external sewer pipes is shown in the video.
