I was prompted to take up such "creativity" by the statement about the "hard" work of copyists of other people's homemade products. Let's call it "pen test".
To complicate my task, I completed it from a video plot.
I must say right away, may the author forgive me and let him himself look for his creation on the Internet. I present to your "court" MY "creation".
Each motorist, with the purchase of a car, acquires a jack for maintenance. Jacks are different, both purely mechanical and purely hydraulic. But all of them have a major drawback, which is ease of use. It is impossible to install a jack under the car without bending over in "tri-doom". There are more advanced ones for stationary use, but the cost of such "rolls over". That's about such a jack and will be discussed.
The author of the homemade product connected two types of jacks together. Here's how he did it.
Design features.
For his design, the author used a ready-made hydraulic jack, making a fixture for it. The whole structure consists of a thick-walled channel at 80. made from a whole billet. The bends of the structure were achieved by cutting the side walls and further welding. From the photo you can clearly see the device of the support rollers (wheels), I don’t see the point in dwelling on them. For direct support on the car body, a rubber support is fixed, it can be taken from the support pads of the springs, the engine ... having finalized to the desired size.
To install and fix the jack, a metal plate is welded (screwed) onto the lower channel, having the size of the jack base and a thickness of about 5 mm. The main focus will be on the channel.
To fix the jack, two 8-10mm holes were drilled in its base, and two guide pins were installed in the base of the welded platinum for the jack. That allows you to securely fix the jack and at the same time freely remove it.
A piston pin from the car was welded onto the main rod of the jack, cut off to fit the inner width of the channel. This finger rests on the movable part of the device and so that the jack cannot "slip", limiters are welded on both sides of the finger inside the channel in the form of two metal plates with a thickness of at least 8-10 mm. In this case, the finger should rotate easily there.
For rigidity of a design "kerchiefs" are welded. In order not to increase the weight of the device, they are not made of solid metal. A handle is also welded for ease of use.
Having rolled the device under the car, you, as usual, use the handle to start lifting the main rod of the jack and thereby set the lifting arm in motion.
Due to the enlarged lifting lever, it is possible to completely lift the entire side to be lifted. Both wheels are not supported.
That's probably all about the features of the manufacture of this design.
To give a homemade "look", it must be painted.
What do you need to make such a "rolling" jack:
0. Head.
1. Ready hydraulic jack.
2. Thick-walled channel at 80, around 1.5m.
3. Metal plates with a thickness of 5 to 10mm, 150-200 cm square.
4. Metal "kruglyash" with a diameter of 12-16mm. 1-1.5 meters.
5. Car piston pin.
6. Rubber "cushion".
Tool
1. "Bulgarian"
2. Welding.
3. Locksmith tool.
Motorists, and especially those who like to spend a couple of free hours in the garage, are people who, at the genetic level, develop a talent for getting practical benefits from improvised things. They do not have to be persuaded to new experiments or to test new way repair, assemble, or remove something without owning a specialized tool.
Why invent something new when in three or four hours and practically for free you can assemble a jack with your own hands- a useful, practical and indispensable tool for every car owner.
In the photo - types of jacks and how to use them
A car jack is a universal device that can hold structures weighing up to two tons, and sometimes more, for days. It's like a third hand for a car mechanic: super strong, durable and one hundred percent efficient.
The simplicity of design and the abundance of varieties of functional tools allows you to make an exact analogy of any branded jack with your own hands.
How to make a screw jack
The classic and most common diamond-shaped jack is a screw jack. Make it like this do-it-yourself jack- a matter of two hours, especially if you have one and a half to two meters of channel and a basic set of fasteners. The compact tool will easily fit in the trunk, and in any emergency and unforeseen situation, you will praise yourself for your foresight and ingenuity.
Many people know how to assemble a jack from a channel, but have never tried it. Only five elements, and the tool is already 90% ready:
- Levers from a steel bent channel with equal sides - 4 pcs;
- Fragments of the channel for the lower and upper arms (the lower arm can be replaced with a wider and more stable base);
- Rubber pad (on the upper shoulder, for the jack);
- Axles holding the upper and lower arms (pins with heads on the axle, secured with cotter pins);
- Threaded screw fixed to the shaft on one side.
On the preparatory stage drill holes at the junctions of the elements, and then begin assembly. Connect the shoulders, fasten them together and on the bases. Pass the threaded screw into the shaft and check the homemade jack for lifting force.
In the photo - screw jack assembly diagram
As you can see, a simple method that does not require welding and professional equipment(except for an electric drill), takes only an hour or two, and does not damage the budget.
How to make an air bag jack
It is a completely different matter when a jack is needed for more serious work than, for example, changing a wheel on the road:
- Lifting vehicles weighing more than 2 tons;
- Work in the inspection hole;
- Professional activity in a car service;
- Lifting the car in hard-to-reach spots.
In cases where classic screw models cannot cope, home-made hydraulic jacks from an air cushion come to the rescue: they are relevant not only for a car, but also for other heavy loads - safes, workbenches, large-sized furniture.
To assemble a homemade air jack, you need a minimum of materials:
- Pneumatic cushion from a bus or truck;
- Air hose + supply and bleed system;
- Cushion stand + car pad;
- Compressor (which, by the way, can also be made by hand).
Details about how to make a jack with your own hands from an air bag, watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vg8z68ObTEA .
In the same way, you can make a pit "lift" (for a viewing ditch), or rolling jack: The type of air bag is irrelevant.
In the photo - pneumatic (rolling) jacks
How to make a rack jack
He always comes to the rescue when other models are powerless, and human imagination and physical capabilities have been exhausted. A rack jack will help if you need:
- Raise the motorcycle to a height;
- Raise a truck, bus, train or truck body;
- Pull the car out of the road (mud, sand, swamp, stones);
- Raise the car by the hitch.
There are no secrets in how to make a rack model, it will take only three points and about an hour of time:
- From the available rails, weld one, elongated (1.5 - 2 meters, depending on the needs);
- Weld a stable base to them;
- Put on top of the jacking mechanism with a heel, found in the bins of the garage (or bought by agreement with a neighbor).
If desired, fasteners can be additionally made to such a device, allowing you to lift the car by the wheel disks.
Simple manipulations and a little spatial imagination will allow you to save money and assemble a device with your own hands, without which not a single replacement of wheels and other parts of the suspension is complete. And with the right approach and proper use of resources, a homemade jack will help you out in many situational troubles.
A jack is used to raise the car for repair or replacement of a wheel. They are different design. The most common are mechanical and hydraulic. In this article, we will consider in detail the principle of operation and the device of a hydraulic jack, as well as various design options.
The principle of operation of the hydraulic jack
This device is simple and reliable.
If you follow the conditions of storage and operation, then it will serve you for a very long time.
A jack is used to raise the car
The hydraulic jack works according to the following principle, which allows you to lift a car weighing several tons, and sometimes several tens of tons.
The device is not complicated - these are two communicating vessels of different diameters filled with liquid and several valves. As you can see, everything is quite simple, and if all the details are made of high quality durable materials, then there is nothing to break.
Only the rubber piston seals and cylinder seals are subject to wear.
The working cylinder, the rod of which raises the car, is large in diameter, but the main cylinder has a diameter several times smaller.
This is the principle of operation of the entire device. The master cylinder is actuated by a lever, oil through check valve enters the working cylinder and lifts it. Strengthening is created due to the difference in the cross-sectional areas of the cylinders.
Do-it-yourself rolling garage jack | Blueprints
The full stroke of the main, provides a slight movement of the second. The stroke difference between the two cylinders is proportional to the difference in their diameters. Thanks to this, a person, without making serious efforts, can lift five, and ten, and several tens of tons.
A non-return valve is used to prevent oil from flowing back into the reservoir. Fluid can only flow through this valve in one direction.
There is another valve that opens manually, it is necessary in order to bypass the liquid back and lower the raised car to its original state.
The principle of operation and its device are indicated in the diagram.
Hydraulic jack design
Two types are used to lift cars: bottle and rolling.
Hydraulic bottle jack
So, a bottle-type hydraulic jack.
It consists of a vertical body of large diameter and a small cylinder adjoining it, to the stem of which a removable lever fits. The body is mounted on a support platform, it often has a screw extension in the stem, which is necessary in order to increase the lifting height. The two cylinders are interconnected through a check valve.
The body has a reservoir for storing oil and a bypass valve to lower the stem of the hydraulic bottle jack.
All parts must be made of durable alloys, so they experience significant loads and are protected from corrosion.
The design of another variety - a rolling hydraulic jack, differs only in the location of the cylinders and the presence of a large platform on the rollers.
Lifting the car with the help of a hydraulic rolling device is carried out not by the rod itself, but by the lever connected to it. This lever has a metal pin.
The rolling structure is more stable than the bottle structure and the likelihood that the raised car will shift and fall off the support is much less.
Despite this, safety measures during work must always be observed. Be sure to fix the car with the parking brake, the included transmission gear and the installation of stops under the wheels.
When working under a raised vehicle, always install a safety stand. These measures will ensure the safety of the working person. You can see the detailed design in the drawing.
Rolling hydraulic jack
Jack maintenance and repair
The most common problem is a leak working fluid through seals and glands.
The leak must be pinpointed and repaired. It is necessary to use only special oil-resistant seals and gaskets. Valve failure may be due to clogged or broken springs.
It is necessary to disassemble, clean and replace defective parts.
But you need to store them only in their original state, so that the stem is completely hidden in the body, this will protect it from corrosion. In addition, the bottle type must be stored vertically so that the working fluid does not leak out. Once every few years, you need to change the working fluid. This is a simple procedure. There is a filling hole on the body, closed with a screw plug.
Through this hole, draining and filling with new oil is performed. After that, it is necessary, without load, to fully raise and lower the stem several times. This will release any air that may have entered the system.
This reliable device, allowing you to lift a load of several tens of tons.
It is not complicated. In terms of load capacity, hydraulics are far ahead of other types of designs. But, unfortunately, there are also disadvantages:
- Big weight, really big, several times heavier than mechanical competitors.
- Special storage conditions for the safety of the working fluid and the risk of corrosion of working elements. This is especially true of the bottle jack.
- inability to use at low temperatures.
The hydraulic fluid thickens at temperatures below -25 degrees, the elasticity of the seals is lost, and the risk of failure increases.
After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages various designs one can come to the following conclusion.
For use with a passenger car weighing up to two tons, a compact mechanical jack is sufficient for the necessary road repairs (wheel replacement). But for lifting a large and heavy machine, it is better to consider using hydraulics.
Picture 4 from the presentation "Tools in the garage"
Dimensions: 720 x 540 pixels, format: jpg.
Do-it-yourself rolling jack
To download the picture for the lesson for free, click on the image right click mouse and click "Save Image As...". To show the pictures in the lesson, you can also download the full presentation "Tools in the garage.pps" with all the pictures in a zip archive for free. The archive size is 640 KB.
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"Outerwear" - Jacket, Dress, Cloak, Clothing, Jacket, Gloves, Tie, Raglan, Scarf, Sweater, Coat, Jacket, Kangaroo, Fancy Dress, Fur Coats, Blouse, Belt, Butterfly, Suit, Golf, Vest, Skirt,
"Children's toys" - Mobile, Pyramid, Sorter, Soft toys, Toy furniture, Ball, Frame insert, Railroad, Paints, Ball, Walker, Iron, Doll utensils, Toys, Rattle, Doll, Rubik's cube, Spinning top, Doll house , Machine, Blocks, Doll carriage, Cubes,
« Gems» - Beryl Crystals, Gems, Chromite, Insect Amber, Cut Apatite, Rose Quartz, Cut Sapphire, Ruby Crystal, Marble, Rock Crystal, Emerald Crystal, Cut Garnet, Cut Diamond, Zeolites, Worked Malachite, Topaz Crystals, Agate , Faceted emerald,
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There are 59 presentations in the topic "Objects"
Good holiday cards for every day
Technique: Quilling 1.
If you want a beautiful and "real" flower, you need to make the same flowers.
Of course, it is better to use a ruler with circles. If you additionally make a decorative braid, it must be wiped until each edge.
Take a paper tape, a ruler, and a rolling and rolling tool.
Rollins get the shape of a flower petal.
fourth
If you need decorative embroidery.
Among the flowers
Collect the flower. In beautiful flowers, all flower petals are the same. I use this template to properly edit flower petals.
Of course, there are special rulers that sell in the store and are definitely very convenient, etc.
But the frog strangled me and I wanted to keep the flower together. So I drew the diagram myself. But the flowers come with different flower petals, and then come to me too lazy, but not to draw the same way for all the options by hand.
So I made suggestions on my computer.
I work with these schemes and secrets.
The numbers indicate the number of petals in the flower. It should be noted that pattern 12 is very useful as it contains the template for colors 3, 4, 6 and 12 roosters!!!
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
Therefore, print the template and pick up the flower on the template.
If the core is above the petals, then we are only leaning on the flower petals. Stretch the glue only at the ends of the petals, and it is advisable to leave the flower on the template until the glue is completely dry!
nineteenth
twentieth
And then we glue the core.
twenty first
twenty second
For a voluminous flower, you also need to make a sepal.
twenty third
And then attach it to the stem (I do this with glue).
twenty fourth
And put in a flower.
twenty fifth
If the core is at the level of the petals, place it in the middle and then crush the flowers. And if the flower petals do not stick to each other, they lift the glue flower on each leaf to the center.
Jack connector
twenty sixth
The result is a fairly durable flower and can be used for both bulk and chests.
twenty seventh
Also with the help of a template, it is suitable for blooming flowers with several levels:
Fill 6 petals with a core, make two empty ropes and connect them to each other using the templates for 12 petals and, in addition, you can place flowers from a needle.
twenty-eighth
twenty ninth
I put foam under the template.
thirties
thirty first
In a handmade flower vase (http://stranamasterov.ru/node/18967) I made all the flowers using the template for 10 and 6 petals:
thirty second
If the flower is well attached to the paper, in this case the template should be placed under the sheet and illuminated by a lamp under these sheets. You can also use glass and a window (damage should only be vertical).
Not only can you use these patterns to create flowers, but you can also tie mandala, wreaths, snowflakes, and more.
Hope this is all helpful! If someone needs templates written with a higher resolution, write to me and send them with pleasure (the quality of the proposals has been reduced according to the rules of the site).
I wish you all creative success!!!
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Biochemical preparations: procedures "before" and "after" 
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Top with chamomile. scheme 
Carpet Gorgeous Full description. Let's do it manually 
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Beautiful Greeting Cards for woman happy birthday 
A hydraulic jack is a stationary, portable, mobile mechanical device for lifting any object, located under it, which allows you to do without auxiliary structures, hoists. The mechanism runs on mineral oil, which, by moving the differential piston of the pump, lifts the load. It is a means of mechanization of work in various sectors of the national economy.
The hydraulic jack is distinguished by the ability to lift a large mass of cargo (from two to two hundred tons), with a small effort working with it, a high coefficient useful action, smooth lifting, structural strength.
The disadvantage of powerful mechanisms is the large mass, the initial distance from the parking level of the lifted load, the slow single movement of the piston, and the high cost.
Types of jacks
They are produced in various modifications: bottle, rolling, rhombus, two-level, low-lift toe. They differ in designs, in type of drive.
The bottle jack is used in various areas of the economy, it is distinguished by its simplicity of device, convenient operation. It is used for lifting and lowering special equipment, cars, trucks. During construction, it is possible to raise the building with its help. The main condition is that the weight of the load to be lifted must correspond to the load capacity of the mechanism indicated in the instructions.
The rolling jack works on the principle of a bottle jack.
The support area is located on the lever, which is raised by the working piston. The pickup height allows you to lift a car of any brand weighing up to three tons.
It has varieties: scissor, with a two-piston displacer of a cylindrical shape, elongated.
Jack device
The main parts of the mechanism capable of lifting and lowering the load are: a lever - a crossbar rotating around an axis, a plunger - a hollow cylindrical rod.
Valves - shut-off and control valves for passing, shutting off, regulating the flow of hydraulic oil.
Oil storage, reciprocating movement mechanism inside the cylinder.
When the pump is running, hydraulic fluid fills the base of the cylinder, lifting the cylindrical part up. As a result, the load rises. A device designed to maintain pressure at the required level consists of suction and discharge valves.
The suction one does not allow the oil to return from the cylinder to the reservoir, the discharge one - to leave it. By unscrewing the screw, the pressure decreases, the load rises to a predetermined place.
Hydraulic oil has the property of non-compression, which affects the uniformity of lifting, lowering, fixing the object at the desired height.
At the same time, lifting mechanisms have a low speed of operation, difficulties in storage, movement.
Vertical, to prevent oil leakage, are transported standing up. They require regular monitoring of the oil level, condition of seals, valves (no hydraulic oil leakage).
A hydraulic jack is used in everyday life for all kinds of work when it is necessary to lift the load.
The most common application in the prevention, repair of automotive equipment.
Maintenance points are in most cases equipped with rolling jacks. Often used in construction and installation works, laying gas and oil pipelines, an indispensable assistant in rescue operations. A universal mechanism that can be used in any life situations when it is necessary to lift a load.
Do-it-yourself screw jack drawing
Having at hand a drawing - a screw jack, we make it with our own hands from steel bent equal-shelf channels GOST8278-83.
In the figure, the types of sizes of the assortment used are highlighted in blue rectangles
The screw jack consists of the following parts:
Base
Lower shoulder
upper shoulder
Emphasis
screw mechanism
BASE
Let's make from a range with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200b2.63 (cm²).
Drilling four through holes diameter equal to the diameter of the pin. When drilling, strictly maintain the center distance between them. If necessary, the base can be attached to a wider removable platform.
LOWER SHOULDER
We will produce from a range with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200b1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the base.
UPPER SHOULDER
Let's make from a range with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200b2.28 (cm²) by analogy with the lower shoulder.
UPOR
Let's make from a range with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200b1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the upper shoulder.
From above, we fasten the rubber gasket.
SCREW MECHANISM
Shaft - screw.
Reliable homemade jack
We will make from a metal bar with a diameter of twelve millimeters. On the one hand, there is an M12 thread, on the other, a retainer, which is attached to the shaft with a cotter pin through a through hole on the shaft.
Axis - emphasis. Relative to which the rotation of the lower and upper arms occurs.
The axles on both sides are pins with cylindrical flat heads, which are attached to the axle with cotter pins.
A through hole with a diameter of ten millimeters was drilled in one stop, and a hole was cut in the other. internal thread M12.
3. Retainer. Fixes the shaft from the side of its rotation and provides the possibility of transmitting torque to the shaft.
Performance characteristics of a do-it-yourself screw jack:
Hmin = 65 (mm)
Hmax = 312 (mm)
Pmax = 2000 (kg)
Since ancient times, people have faced the problems of lifting a large load to a height, for this usually many people were involved, and bulky structures were erected that did not always have super strength, and therefore often broke, provoking human casualties. The way out appeared with the invention of such a machine as a hydraulic jack, which is widely used today. Such an installation, unlike winches, has greater reliability and is able to lift large loads at a lower cost.
Purpose of the hydraulic jack
Today it is impossible to imagine holding repair work on a car, whether it is a suspension repair or a wheel change, without the use of jacks - special mechanisms that are designed to lift a heavy load and fix it at the required height. The most effective are hydraulic jacks, where the working force is created using hydraulic oil and a piston.
The first mechanical jacks appeared in antiquity. And the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a hydraulic jack circuit specifically for a car arose unintentionally. Repairman Peter Lunaty spied on this idea in a barbershop, surprised at how easy it is for a haircut master to fix a hydraulic chair at a certain height. In 1925, a complex platform lift was made with a hydraulic rack for a car.
Hydraulic jacks are distinguished by their carrying capacity, which ranges from one to several hundred tons, which allows them to be used in the repair of trucks and other heavy equipment.
Machine bodies or flooring, foundation slabs and columns are used as loads. Depending on the purpose of application, such equipment has various dimensions and construction.
The hydraulic jack is used to move, lift and fix loads. The device is used in the field of general plumbing and tire fitting, and is also indispensable when preparing the car for a long trip to create balancing: the wheel is removed with a jack and balanced on special equipment.
Modern hydraulic jacks are widely used not only in service stations and car services. They are successfully used in oil refineries, power plants and other industrial complexes. The highest level of performance and ease of operation allowed this technology to be introduced into the domestic environment, which is why many owners have a hydraulic jack in the garage.
This equipment is capable of operating in horizontal and vertical planes, therefore it is widely used at the construction and assembly site and for tensioning reinforcing structures made of prestressed reinforced concrete.
Hydraulic jack design
The main load-bearing elements of a hydraulic jack are the body, the working fluid, usually oil, and the retractable piston. The hydraulic jack has an elongated or short body, which is made of hardened steel. The housing performs the following functions: it acts as a guide cylinder for the piston and is a reservoir for working oil.
A screw with a lifting heel is screwed into the plunger, turning the screw, so if necessary, it turns out to increase the maximum lifting height. The jack of this type is equipped with a hydraulic pump with a manual, foot or air drive. The hydraulic jack device is provided with safety valves and other devices to create a long trouble-free operation.
lifting mechanism and a retractable hydraulic cylinder, raised by a special platform up, are located in the openings of the body. The descent occurs by turning the T-handle. The equipment has polyamide wheels that provide the jack with maneuverability. The body of the elongated shooting range is mainly used to work with buses and heavy vehicles.
The principle of operation of the hydraulic jack
Any hydraulic jack works according to the principles of communicating vessels using liquid. Before work, it is necessary to place the jack on a flat hard surface under the car and press the lever with the valve closed until the car rises to the required height. The descent of the car is carried out by means of a smooth opening of the valve of the apparatus counterclockwise.
Pumped working hydraulic oil driven pump with a lever. Liquid enters the cylinder through the valve and squeezes it out. The reverse flow of fluid will be prevented by valves - discharge and suction. To lower the jack back down, it is necessary to open the valve on the pump, then oil will flow from the cylinder back to the pump.
The presence of a thread on the body of the jack, which is protected by a dirt-proof casing, a thread on the rod and threaded holes in the base guarantees unlimited possibilities for using and operating hydraulic jacks for crimping, clamping and bending. The high-strength support, which is made of hardened steel and mounted on the rod, is able to protect the hydraulic jack from damage. The corrugated surface of the support prevents the goods from sliding. The force of hydraulic jacks is regulated by a built-in pressure gauge.
Advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic jacks
Hydraulic jacks are one of the most unpretentious for all their power. An important feature hydraulics is an incompressible working material. Hence - the smoothness of lowering and lifting, fixing the load at the desired height and braking accuracy. Hydraulic jacks demonstrate a high level of efficiency - up to 80% and a significant load capacity - up to 200 tons with little effort due to the large gear ratio between the cross-sectional surfaces of the pump plunger and the cylinder.
But with hydraulic jacks, the initial lifting height is much higher than with mechanical models. Another difficulty is the inability to accurately control the height of the lowering. To maintain the jack in working order, it is necessary to constantly monitor the oil level, control the tightness of valves and seals. Such jacks can only be transported and stored in an upright position, otherwise the liquid may leak out of the tank.
The disadvantages of hydraulic jacks follow from the advantages. They are relatively slow - one pump cycle corresponds to a not too high lift height. The disadvantages include a large mass and size, the high price of a hydraulic jack, as well as a small stroke for single-plunger models. In addition, these tools often have more serious breakdowns and malfunctions than mechanical devices.
Classification of hydraulic jacks
There are several types of hydraulic jacks.
Bottle hydraulic jacks
The design of the bottle (vertical) hydraulic jack is the simplest. The scope of use of such jacks is quite wide due to the large range of lifted weight - from 2 to 100 tons. "Bottles" are used in trucks. In addition to the main advantages of a hydraulic jack, vertical models have several more - this is versatility of use, compactness and a large footprint.
Bottle jacks are available in single and double stems. The hydraulic single-rod apparatus is distinguished by its simple design and ease of operation, which expands its areas of use and allows you to perform work of any complexity: installation and dismantling in mechanical engineering, construction, car repair, railway car wheels, use as a power unit of a press, pipe bender, pipe cutter and similar tools .
The telescopic two-rod jack has a similar design with a bottle machine, the principle of operation of a hydraulic bottle-type jack is based on the use of several working rods. The piston is at the base of the telescopic jack. It can be applied in horizontal and vertical position. It is compact and fits most cars. Lifting occurs with the help of a lifting lever actuated by a hydraulic cylinder.
Rolling jacks
The rolling jack works on the same principle as the bottle jack, but with the difference that the axis of the working cylinder is not located in the vertical axis, in addition, the piston is not directly aligned with the pickup and the lifting lever is actuated. This device is called rolling because it is a trolley on wheels that can roll on a flat surface. When lifting the pickup and the lever, the jack “rolls up” or shifts under the load.
Such a jack is driven by the same swing of the lever as the bottle models, it is lowered in the same way - by turning the valve screw. If it is necessary to lower the load down, it is necessary to put the tubular handle on the valve screw, after which the partition will enter the groove of this screw. By rotating the handle around its axis, the user rotates the screw, respectively, relieving pressure in the working cylinder and lowering the load to the required height.
Most often, a rolling jack can be found at a tire shop, because it is ideal for lifting one side of the car, it is quite fast in operation and installation. The disadvantages of such a design follow from the name - a rolling jack needs a flat hard surface, concrete or asphalt, to work. In addition, the significant size and weight make it difficult to transport the unit in a car.
Rolling jacks are classified according to their purpose, as in the photo of hydraulic jacks:
- For personal use by a motorist, with a carrying capacity of up to 3 tons;
- For car services and tire shops, with a load capacity of up to 4 tons and with the presence of pre-lift pedals for instantly reaching the required pickup height;
- For maintenance of heavy machines and special vehicles (forklifts), with a carrying capacity of up to 20 tons and with the presence of preliminary lifting pedals and a sliding traverse, which is designed to lift one side of the machine.
Transmission rolling jacks are equipped with a special swivel frame. Here, the smoothness and precision of the hydraulic jacks are manifested in all their glory. The gearbox of a car that is mounted or dismantled can be accurately fixed in a horizontal or vertical plane in the desired position.
Hydraulic hybrids
Two-level jacks are needed mainly in car services where they work with different cars. The features of this device include two lifting platforms. The drawing of a two-level hydraulic jack as a whole is a hybrid of a rolling and bottle jack. To be more precise, a two-level jack is used at a height of 65 - 375 millimeters from the ground as a rolling jack and at a height of 375 - 687 millimeters as a telescopic one. When working with a lifting mechanism, use a hand lever and a foot pedal.
The pneumatic hydraulic jack combines hydraulics and pneumatics. It can be manufactured in a rolling solution, has a load capacity in the range of 2 - 80 tons. The initial pickup height is low. It is used exclusively as equipment for car service.
towing jacks
Low-lift towing jacks are widely used wherever a low lifting height is needed: for the installation and dismantling of various equipment, for lifting railroad tracks, as well as in car workshops. It is precisely such a low pickup height, which is from 15 millimeters, with the possibility of its step-by-step adjustment, that is very convenient when assembling mechanisms and acts calling card towing jack. But at the heart of this jack is a simple bottle-type device.
Diamond jacks
The hydraulic diamond jack is mainly required for lifting machines during repairs. It is characterized by high reliability, if we compare it with a screw relative, and is practically not inferior to it in ease of use.
In a diamond jack, four levers act as load-bearing elements, which are connected by hinges. The scheme of operation of a hydraulic jack and lifting loads is based on changing the angles between the levers. The advantages of diamond jacks include small dimensions, which provides convenient storage, transportation and at the same time a significant support surface and structural rigidity. Relatively low lift height.
Hydraulic press manufacturing
When a car enthusiast independently maintains his entire fleet, one of the most necessary tools is a press. We suggest you make a press from a hydraulic jack with your own hands, which will become a reliable companion when performing a whole list of works. It can be used to punch holes in different materials, press inserts and bushings, press metalworking waste.
Assembling a hydraulic press is not that difficult. You will need for this welding machine with the required number of welding electrodes, hacksaw, angled sanding machine with a disc for metal, thick-walled steel profile for the design of the press. The functions of the power unit that provides the desired operating pressure, performs a hydraulic jack.
The first node of the hydraulic press is the support platform for the jack. Since the resulting pressure will be proportionally applied to the base and upper working units, the strength of the base should be maximum. This can be achieved by making several stiffeners on the basis. To make the base, take a steel square or rectangular profile that has a size of 40 by 50 or 50 by 50 millimeters and cut 4 parts about 250-300 millimeters long using the above tools.
After that, it is necessary to lay these parts side by side to each other and weld the connecting seams from above and below to increase the rigidity of the press base. To ensure greater stability of the hydraulic jack, weld a steel plate to the resulting structure, the sheet of which has a thickness of 8-12 millimeters and a size of 250 by 200 millimeters.
The next step in the manufacture of a homemade press from a jack is the production of an emphasis and racks. To do this, it is necessary to saw off 2 parts from a profiled thick-walled pipe of a rectangular or square shape of the required length. In order to calculate it, it is required to clarify the value of the maximum stroke of the rod according to the attached instructions for the jack and add the height of the hydraulic jack itself and the support platform to the resulting size.
Make the emphasis from the material that the racks are made of. The length of this part must be equal to the width of the support platform in order to maintain the overall geometry of the structure. Connect the stop and the obtained racks with each other with a welded seam and weld the U-shaped structure to the base.
When performing such assembly operations, it is recommended to use a simple fixture that ensures the perpendicularity of the parts to be joined. On a steel sheet that has a thickness of at least 10 millimeters, two trimmings of a steel corner 40 by 40 millimeters should be welded at an angle of 90 degrees. Lay the parts to be joined in the future in this fixture and weld.
This way you can achieve the desired connection angle. For additional convenience, this impromptu square is additionally equipped with clamping devices that fix the parts to be joined and prevent the joint angle from breaking due to thermal changes during welding in the metal.
The next mandatory element of our press is a removable stop, which is able to move along the guides and transfer pressure from the central working rod of the hydraulic jack to the workpiece. Prepare for its manufacture several pieces of steel strip, which has a thickness of about 1 centimeter. Make the length of the parts less than the resulting distance between the racks. Connect the resulting parts in several places by welding on both sides.
To ensure a quick replacement of this part when performing any hydraulic work and to fix the element when moving on vertical racks, it is necessary to drill two through holes in the resulting block of steel strips and saw off two plates, their length should be 100 millimeters longer than the length of the block. Also drill two holes in the plates, which are bearable with the holes in the block.
When mounting the block on the frame of the press from a hydraulic jack with your own hands, select two bolts of the required length with nuts and washers and connect the resulting plates to the block so that they are located on both sides of the racks. If there is a need to achieve a smaller free play of the hydraulic jack piston, it is possible to reduce the space between the moving stop and the upper beam of the structure with the additional installation of an intermediate square profile.
To do this, saw off a piece of a square profile, which has a length that is equal to the distance between the uprights, and attach it at an equal distance of welds. This will significantly reduce the working distance of the hydraulic press and reduce the time spent on certain types of work.
To further reduce the stroke of the working rod of the hydraulic jack, you can use additional replaceable inserts, which are made of a solid or hollow steel profile or replaceable anvils. To create them, you should saw off several parts of different thicknesses and additionally mark them for a quick and careful selection of the desired element.
Hydraulic jack repair
Hydraulic jacks periodically need maintenance, therefore, it is necessary to add liquid to the working cylinder, which flows out during operation through oil seals and various seals. In addition to oil leakage, jack malfunctions consist in jamming when lifting a load to a certain height, the inability to lower the jack after lifting, or the inability to lift even a light load.
Oil leak
To repair and test a hydraulic jack at home, you should buy the right equipment repair kit. Before repair, the machine must first be disassembled. An extension to the keys may be required to have significant force and more leverage. Be sure to prepare a container to drain the old oil and prepare a new working fluid.
After that, the pistons should be removed and checked for corrosion. It is customary to remove all dirt and corrosion. Check if the stem is bent. If deformation occurs, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to make it even again and you can no longer repair anything.
Check the oil bypass valve. To do this, the valve is unscrewed and checked for deformation or dirt ingress into the valve. If the valve is defective due to mechanical deformation, then it should simply be replaced. In addition, it can simply become dirty, and the ball will sit loosely in its saddle. This is the reason for the transmission of the working fluid.
Drain the old oil completely. This procedure is quite simple, although it takes a long time until the oil flows from one cylinder to another. The liquid is drained by pumping the system, moving the lever up and down. Rinse all parts thoroughly to remove dirt and oil residues. Completely change all cuffs and sealing gaskets.
Another cause of failure of the hydraulic jack can be considered dirt that has entered the working cavity. To remove it from there, it is necessary to unscrew the head of the housing, pour kerosene into its base and pump the jack with the locking needle unscrewed. At the end of the operation, kerosene should be removed and clean oil should be poured into the working cavity.
Air entry
In the working cavity of the jack in the process long-term operation air bubbles accumulate, significantly reducing its effectiveness. The reason for this, as a rule, is air that has entered the hydraulic system due to a lack of working oil. You can fix this problem as follows.
First, open the oil reservoir cap and bypass valve, and then quickly pump the hydraulic press pump several times. In this way, air will be forced out of the working cavity into the oil container. You can then close the bypass valve and the hole leading to the oil tank. If you did everything right, then the air will be removed, and the jack will again work in normal mode.
If your attempt was unsuccessful, repeat all of the above steps. However, this method is not the only way to remove air from the working cavity. It is not difficult to determine the presence of air in the working cavity: the jack does not work at all, or the load is lifted slowly.
First of all, unscrew the locking needle one and a half to two turns, then lift the plunger with your hand by the screw to the extreme upper point and release it so that it is again in the lower position. Repeat these steps twice or thrice. To prevent such a problem from occurring in the future, it is worth periodically checking the oil level in the hydraulic jack and, if it is lacking, add working fluid.
Thus, you got acquainted with the design of the hydraulic jack, studied its advantages and disadvantages, understood the classification of such equipment and understood how the hydraulic jack works. Now you can start assembling the device with your own hands. And don't forget the occasional maintenance and adding working oil.
The problem of lifting loads of large masses in front of mankind has been standing for a long time. In recent years, jacks have been increasingly used to solve it. The hydraulic jack stands apart in this row. He is able to lift really heavy loads with a minimum of effort. Hydraulics, since the advent of science, has come to the aid of man. There are situations when a lift of this kind is simply necessary, but there is no way to purchase it. How to make a homemade jack?
Design and features
Of course, before starting work directly, it is imperative to learn more about the design of the hydraulic jack. In fact, it is not so complicated as it might seem at first glance. The main elements are the body, pump, plunger, screw with lifting heel. The hydraulic jack is most often made of hardened steel. In this case, a special oil with high viscosity indicators acts as a working fluid. Normal motor oil will not work in this situation.
It is worth considering this when developing a device. Usually it is the body that is the main part of the hydraulic jack. It serves not only as a reservoir for the working fluid, but also as a real cylinder for the piston. The device of this design implies the presence of protective valves that ensure uninterrupted operation. It is equipped with a hand or foot pump.
The oil is drained using a special handle, which is part of the mechanism. At the same time, the lifting mechanism and a special retractable hydraulic cylinder are able to raise the working platform. A sufficiently high pressure is created, which allows you to lift loads of various masses. The body of such a device can be both short and elongated. The second option is most often used when carrying out repair work on heavy equipment. For example, it can be a bus or a heavy vehicle.
