Plot and main principles drainage. In this post, I would like to take a closer look at ways elimination of excess water in the area and decorative possibilities design of devices for the removal of moisture.
After all, water on the site is not only a natural disaster, it is also a huge opportunity and a great tool for a landscape designer.
The project of the drainage system on the site
The installation of a drainage system is an important stage in the improvement of the site. If there is a danger of flooding high or poorly permeable to water, drainage of the pit is mandatory. It is better to find out the need for this in advance, so as not to run into a problem after the construction of the house is completed.Drainage structures are therefore called system that underground drainage and blind area, and surface grooves, even - all this is a single complex, an artificial recreation on small area natural water cycle in nature.
The moisture that falls out with precipitation is partially absorbed by the soil, and partially flows down into the natural slopes. The water that has infiltrated into becomes groundwater and also, along the slopes of the impervious layers, flows towards the reservoirs located in the lowlands.
If you are going to make a drainage system, you need to try to recreate the natural conditions for the existence of water in nature using artificial devices. It is highly desirable to design the system so that it works as independently as possible, without the use of coercion in the form of drainage.
It is necessary to try to think over the design of the drainage system so that there is no need to force the water to move where it does not flow itself. The principle of operation of the drainage system should be based on gravity: we collect surface water in ditches and allow it to flow away from the site; impervious to moisture clay soil with the help of drains and drainage pillows we make it easily absorbing water.
So, drainage ditches and trays imitate rivers, underground drains imitate flowing groundwater, collection points for diverted water - lakes and seas: everything is like in nature. Then the functioning of the drainage system will be the most reliable, independent of power outages. And it will also be easier to fit such a system into the landscape. When planning drainage, it is necessary to take into account the natural slopes of the relief, the depth of occurrence, the location of buildings and tall trees on the site.
Surface drainage
Since the main water load falls on the warm season, it is not in all cases necessary to dig below the freezing depth to drain water. Surface drainage is quite effective, especially if the site is located on a small one.Ditches and grooves
The simplest and affordable option divert water - arrange surface drainage grooves. Drainage ditches cope with the removal of water during heavy rainfall or during snowmelt. Usually they are located along the perimeter of the site, observing the slopes for the gravity flow of water.The ditches are directed towards the water intake located in the lowest part of the site. This can be a street ditch running along the road, a storm sewer if the village is equipped with it, as well as a reservoir - natural or artificial.
In addition to ditches along the borders, if necessary, the device of surface drainage systems is also used along the territory of the site itself.
The bottom and walls of the ditches are made simply ground or lined with some material, for example, or slabs of. When arranging channels, it is necessary to distinguish sewage And drainage ditches.
Waste the ditch receives water flows already collected earlier, or water coming from above - for example, during rain. Therefore, its walls can be waterproof. Such a channel is made in the form of concrete or plastic trays. drainage the ditch takes excess moisture from the soil, so its walls must be permeable to water.
Surface drainage ditches can be built above deep drainage pipes in the soil as an additional measure.
Do not be embarrassed that trenches will appear on your site. There are several ways to decorate them that can turn a utilitarian drainage structure into an element. The choice of style depends on the design of the entire site.
The channel for water drainage using ready-made trays is decorated with decorative gratings - plastic or metal.
You can use it as a material for finishing the walls of the ditch, just do not forget that if a solution is used to fix the stone, then this method is suitable for sewage ditches. drainage the ditch needs to be trimmed with stones big size using the "dry masonry" method - then the walls will remain permeable.
In the photo below you see a drainage ditch laid out natural stone according to the technology of "dry masonry" - functional constituent part drainage system and a decorative element of the landscape. 
Another way to finish and at the same time strengthen the walls from shedding is to use the so-called reno mattresses. These are analogues - metal meshes filled with rubble or cobblestones - only oriented not vertically, but horizontally or obliquely.
Drainage ditch and slope of the pond bank reinforced with Reno mattresses. Photo from sitkazahid.com
The use of Reno mats is not only a way to drain the soil, but also the ability to strengthen it on the slopes of drainage ditches, as well as reservoirs, if there are any on your site. Strengthening the soil on the slopes with such a technique in the design of the site can be combined with gabions as or fences.
In addition to the ditch itself (a shallow and narrow ditch), surface drainage can be designed as:
- natural stream
- "French" ditch
- "Dry" stream
French ditches are straightforward, they first appeared in regular ditches, popular in France during the Baroque era. imitate the path of a dried up natural river or stream or kurum - a stone river.
- Tracks
When arranging such paths, do not forget that their surface must be permeable. As a material, use fine, granite chips, laid without mortar, in the sand. Additionally, paths in the garden on the outer sides can be equipped with drainage trays directed to the general drainage system.
Garden ponds as elements of the drainage system
Down the ditches various designs And appearance water flows into a water intake, one of the options for which may be a reservoir - natural or artificial. Surface drainage is an excellent reason for arranging a pond in the country. It will serve as a water intake for an open-type drainage system, and in combination - the center of the landscape composition of the site.
Prue if it's arranged not by finished plastic container, but has natural bottom, itself is a drain. If it is located at the lowest point of the site, excess ground and surface water will drain into it, draining the area. In simple cases of flooding of the territory, a pond dug in the right place may be the only and sufficient element of the drainage system.
If there is no place for a garden drainage reservoir on the site, but there is a natural pond, lake or river nearby, then the collected water can be diverted there. Of course, if the expediency of such an event is adequate to the labor costs for the production of earthworks. Water can be diverted by a surface method, all the same ditch (tray), or by laying an underground pipe.
You just need to make sure in advance that the level of the reservoir is always below the pipe, even in the spring flood. Otherwise, in the spring you will get the opposite effect: instead of draining excess water from the site, part of the reservoir will also flow to you through the pipe. Or the pipe should be equipped check valve.
Don't forget that in natural reservoir do not drain heavily polluted water, for example from a filtration system.
Surface drainage from buildings
The flow of water towards the drainage ditches should also be facilitated by a well-arranged vertical layout site when developing a project for the construction of a house and other buildings. Such a layout is one of the components of the general drainage system. The creation of an embankment under the house during construction improves the conditions for the removal of rain and melt water from the foundation of buildings.
To drain water, the blind area around the perimeter of the house, the platform and paths in front of the building are made with a slope towards the general drainage. In the direction of sewage and drainage ditches or underground drainage structures, drainage trays that receive water from
Backfill drainage around the house - soft blind area
Around the house (along the perimeter) you can organize backfill drainage. The principle of its construction is the same as in the "French" ditches described above: a trench covered with rubble and gravel. The top layer of backfill can be decorative, such as colored pebbles.Backfill drainage - replacement or addition of a blind area with a hard coating. It may be better suited to the design of your site. There are several options for the final coating of a soft blind area:
- decorative or pebbles;
It is good to use backfill drainage not only along the perimeter of buildings, but also around the open one and this will make the site more accurate.
Creating a surface drainage system is not too difficult. Of course, ditches will have to be dug and improved if necessary. But in general, work can be done independently, armed only with and.
The main thing is to correctly plan the directions of the ditches: so that the excess water is gone, and the plantings, especially trees and shrubs, are not left without moisture. It is also important to observe slopes to ensure gravity flow.
If the conditions on the site in terms of excess water are more severe, groundwater is located high, then surface drainage is indispensable. Requires "heavy artillery" - deep drainage. There is no way to cope with a shovel here, large-scale earthworks and engineering calculations will be required.
On suburban and summer cottages often there is an excess of moisture, which adversely affects the yield and condition of the foundation of the house. To combat this phenomenon, surface drainage is well suited.
Linear surface drainage
The device of linear surface drainage provides for the laying of long gutters, closed from above with gratings. Gutters are laid along the paths, along the contour of the sites and in other places where water usually accumulates.
The linear system works according to simple principle- water is collected in the gutters, flows into them under the created slope and enters the collector well. The gutters are made from different materials. The most popular are gutters made of polymer concrete, concrete and plastic.
Note! A linear surface drainage system prevents flooding of the foundation of the house by collecting water from the roof and nearby areas and diverting it to the sewer.
If it is necessary to arrange drainage around the house, HDPE pipes with a perforated surface can be used for this purpose. You can do it in another way: take sewer pipes and many holes are drilled in them with a perforator or drill. They must be made along the entire length of the pipe in 3 rows.
- At a distance of half a meter from the house, ditches are dug along the perimeter of the foundation, and perforated pipes are laid in them. Trenches are dug to such a depth that sewer pipes are completely hidden in the ground.
- With the help of a shovel, all internal surfaces of the ditch are leveled.
- The bottom of the trench is covered with a layer of a mixture of gravel and sand.
- Pipes are laid in a prepared ditch at a certain angle and led out of the site. Pipe openings must be fully accessible. In trenches on opposite sides, a slope is made, which contributes to the fastest flow of rainwater into the pipes. With such a linear drainage system around the house, water damage to the foundation can be avoided.
Point drainage is used for local collection of precipitation in the form of rain. They are equipped in many places, which include the space near doors, gutters that are installed on the roof to collect water from the roof, under watering taps coming out of the niches of the house, at the entrance and parking lot, as well as at other points where moisture often accumulates. and puddles form. Concrete wells are arranged under point drainage, on which decorative gratings are installed on top.
There is an option with pumping water. To avoid clogging of pipes, sand traps are provided in the system. The structure of the drainage system, in addition to the sand trap, includes storm water inlets, ladders, drainage systems and storm dampers.
Note! Point drainage system at correct device can be well combined with linear collection and discharge of water.
What elements are included:
- The rainwater inlet is a rectangular container. It is made of polymer concrete or plastic and is equipped with outlets that have access to the water drainage network. Such a network, for example, can be a storm sewer. To make it easier to maintain the storm water inlets, they are equipped with special baskets into which garbage of large fractions is collected. In practice, storm water inlets are also used, in which water seals are mounted. The presence of siphons does not allow unpleasant odors to spread through the air near the house. The storm water inlet can be increased in height - for this, one element must be installed on another.
- Drainage ladders have the form of a container, equipped with a protective grate of a decorative type on top. This element is connected to a surface linear drainage or storm sewer system. The purpose of the ladder is local collection and drainage of water from paths, landscaped areas and other vulnerabilities.
- The storm damper is protective device drainage structure. This element does not allow water to flow in the opposite direction.
Detailed installation instructions below:
Site drainage
A natural drainage system may not be enough if the site area is located in a wetland or in a lowland. Earth in early spring after the snow melts, it is saturated with water, which stands still for a long time, while the sprouted plants begin to rot and die. As a result, field work goes off schedule and the yield of the site does not reach the level that was planned.
- The area of the site is divided into equal sections. Narrow ditches 0.5 m deep are dug. Ditches are arranged at a certain slope so that the water flows down and does not stand still. In order to fully use the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe site, after draining the water in the right places, the trenches are laid with branches, and sprinkled on top with a mixture of soil and manure. On temporary additional areas it is possible to grow crops for which dampness is the norm. In autumn, after harvesting, drainage trenches lead to original view- remove the layer of temporary soil.
- Surface drainage of a storm type is arranged in order to prevent the fertile soil from being washed away from the site during heavy rains or precipitation that falls for several days in a row. Drainage trenches are arranged with a slope for the subsequent withdrawal of water from them. The grooves are sealed with concrete, plastic or other trays are arranged in them. A variant of trenches with retaining boards is possible, which rest against the walls of the grooves and are held in a vertical position by transverse struts. Tracks are made on top of such grooves, and the trenches themselves are covered with removable gratings.
- If the site is located in the middle of a large slope, there is a possibility that short-term heavy rains can wash away a layer of fertile soil. In this case, a diversion drainage is necessary, the trenches of which will be arranged in such a way that the runoff will be collected and drained of water along an inclined surface, but outside the site. It is necessary to dig a storm trench across the slope, which will become an obstacle to the flow and divert water along the edges of the usable area. Such a ditch must be permanently open. It can be turned into a ravine by sowing with reeds or other similar plants, but it is better to reinforce the ditch with concrete, because such drainage structures quickly lose their original appearance, erode and collapse.
Site dehumidification option
If the soil of the site consists mainly of clay and loam, excess moisture can be removed using surface drainage, which involves the construction of a network of trenches throughout the usable area.
- First, a plan is drawn on paper, on which a network of ditches located throughout the site is applied, and drainage well, where the collected water will be discharged. In order for the drainage to work properly, the trenches are given a slope towards the water intake. If the site is located on a slope, the direction of the flow is chosen based on the given direction. If the surface of the earth is flat, the slope is created artificially. The number of trenches depends on the degree of soil moisture. The depth of the ditches should be approximately 0.5 m, the width will increase as you approach the water intake.
- After the drainage system is ready, it is checked for the quality of the flow. To do this, water is launched from the hose into the ditches and the flow rate is monitored. If there are areas with stagnant water, the slope in these places increases.
- If the test was successful, you need to start decorating the trenches - bare ditches look unattractive. To do this, a layer of marble chips or decorative gravel is poured onto the bottom of the ditches. Plants are planted on the "shores".
When there is too much precipitation or when groundwater is too close to the surface, it becomes necessary to protect the site from the influence of excess moisture. Excessive moisture can lead to washing out, heaving, swamping, flooding of basements, if any, serious undermining of the foundation of a house and buildings.
Drainage systems have a thousand-year history, during which only the materials used have changed. If our ancestors used pipes made of clay, then today in drainage systems ah, polymeric materials dominate.
Varieties of site drainage
To summarize all the points, the drainage system can be represented by the following plan:
Site drainage can be superficial or.
Surface drainage
Surface drains are designed to protect buildings and soil from excessive moisture, which can be caused by excessive rainfall, meltwater or water collected through stormwater systems. Surface drains can be divided into the following types:
Linear- are systems of trays laid on the surface of the earth, which have a slope for a stack of water to the point of water intake. For convenient operation, such trays are covered with special protective decorative grilles. Such devices are often additionally equipped with sand traps that allow you to trap sand, pebbles or small debris present in wastewater and which can lead to clogging of the storm drain. Such a site drainage system will do an excellent job of protecting the soil from excessive moisture, but only on condition that the groundwater is deep enough.
Point. They are a system consisting of storm water inlets or water collectors, which first collect water in themselves, and then transfer it to the sewer through pipes laid in the ground. Such collectors are usually installed under downpipes, water taps, and also at the minimum points of the site, which allows the collection of excess water.
Surface types of site drainage work great, but you need to choose the right materials and install them wisely, as well as clean the system in a timely manner.
deep drainage
Deep drainage systems- This is an option for regulating the balance of water in the soil by laying perforated pipes in the ground, which are called drains. Such pipes absorb excess moisture from the soil, thereby protecting the site and buildings from the harmful effects of excess water.
In order to properly perform the site, drain pipes must be laid with a slope towards the spillway point. Any reservoir, storm sewer, storage well, etc. can act as such a point. Revision wells must be provided in the system, with the help of which it is possible to clean the network.
It should be noted that deep systems are needed in areas where groundwater is high enough (up to 2.5 meters), in soils that have poor moisture permeability and near various structures in order to eliminate increased moisture.
The arrangement of the deep drainage system is associated with a significant amount of land work. That is why all the work on laying the drainage must be carried out before the construction of the house, as well as the complete arrangement of the site.
One type of deep drainage system is reservoir drainage. It is carried out under the base of the house in the form of a filter pad, which is combined with drains. Such a system will protect the house from excessive dampness and humidity, as well as from flooding with groundwater or melt water.
Drainage works
It must be said that if you can perform the surface drainage of the site yourself from beginning to end, then the deep drainage system must be carried out with the involvement of specialists, because. it needs a project that will include testing the soil for moisture content. Deep drainage should begin with a study of the existing level and amount of groundwater, which is quite difficult to do on your own without special skills.
Please note that erroneous pipe laying can lead to waterlogging of the area and even lead to flooding on the site. That is why it is possible to independently mount a deep drainage system only according to a project prepared by specialists.
Surface fertile layer soil should conduct water well. In cases where it is clayey, then water transfer will not occur. In such cases, it is necessary to improve the site by delivering black soil. If you look at the section of the soil, you can clearly see the layers. Most often, the upper fertile layer occupies about 20 cm, and after it there are layers of sand or sandy loam, under which dense layers of clay lie, which will no longer let water through. Just on the verge of clay and sand, drains should be installed.
The most common way to lay the channels of the drainage system is a system of one main and several side channels.
The slope of the pipes must be maintained at least 3 cm per meter. The water that will enter the side channels flows into the main channel, and from it already flows to the water collection point. In cases where the exit from the main main canal is located below the level of the receiving well, then another intermediate well must be laid at the system outlet. The depth of laying can be different, everything will depend on the level of the main receiving well. For a drain device, it is best, and cheaper, suitable plastic pipes, which must be perforated, however, existing old pipes can also be used by making holes in them along the entire length. Additional drains are also connected to the main drains, and at their joints gaps of 3 cm thick must be made, which are covered with coarse gravel.
Please note that the drainage system of the site can be made without pipes at all. You can simply fill the prepared channels with large gravel. However, such a system would be inefficient.
It is desirable to lay drains not immediately into the ground, but with an interval of gutters made of fine mesh, into which gravel should be filled, in which pipes are already laid. This must be done so that the holes in the pipes are not clogged with silt. In this case, the gravel acts as a filter.
Everyone wants the drainage system on the site to be inexpensive, durable and unpretentious in operation. Let's talk about systems technical solutions, which combine these important components.
What needs to be done so that the drainage system does not turn into an expensive excess? Is there a need for major deep drainage on the site? Surface drainage system "Alta-profile" - a simple answer to complex questions. Let's get acquainted with their features in more detail, but first - a little useful theory.
Do you need drainage in your yard?
The structure of the soils prevailing on the territory of the Russian Federation is such that rain and melt water do not have time to pass through them as quickly as is necessary to maintain the water balance. As a result, moisture accumulates in the upper layers of the soil, which leads to waterlogging of the soil. The consequences of such an imbalance are inevitable:
- excess moisture in winter period leads to frost heaving of soils, and, as a result, to the destruction of the blind area, foundations, footpaths and other solid structures;
- cultivated plants, the roots of which are in waterlogged soil, gradually cease to bear fruit and eventually die;
- a basement or cellar, once flooded with groundwater, will also bring few pleasant moments to the daily life of the inhabitants of a country house.
Conclusion: the need for a drainage system on the site is a fact. But what should this system be like? How big will the construction work be? We will answer these and other questions.
What should be an inexpensive but effective drainage system
Deep drainage is a complex system of underground utilities that collect and remove moisture from the site to special wells, collectors or reservoirs. Deep drainage where there is a high level of groundwater, that is, not everywhere. If the territory has limited dimensions, if only the foundation and the space attached to it need to be protected from surface runoff, then there is no need for expensive deep drainage.
It is very beneficial in terms of creating drainage systems that are small personal plots. As practice shows, ordinary surface drainage is enough for their maintenance, which is both simpler and cheaper. deep systems.
Let's take, for example, Alta-Profil's surface drainage systems, which effectively remove melt water, atmospheric precipitation and other surface runoff from the territory. Such drainage is used even in areas with high groundwater levels. Remarkably, after the installation of surface drainage, the need for arranging expensive deep systems quite often disappears by itself. In any case, surface drainage can always be supplemented with deep drainage, if, of course, the need arises.
So, an objective understanding of your needs helps to significantly save on the construction of a drainage system. For example, if a drainage system is needed solely to protect the foundation and the territory adjacent to it, then by organizing the simplest surface drainage, you will perfectly solve the problem of drainage. However, each specific case requires separate consideration.
Also, the prospect of saving directly depends on the cost of components for the drainage system. Any drainage is a set of channels, protective gratings and receiving points, which are made of metal, concrete or plastic. Sometimes there is a mixture of concrete and polymers.
Varieties of drainage systems according to the material of manufacture
Concrete systems are massive, expensive and fragile. They are appropriate in general civil and industrial construction: when upgrading streets, sidewalks, etc. Polymer concrete drainage systems belong to the same category.
An alternative to concrete systems is metal systems. They are also expensive and not very practical: over time, the protective coating of the metal is destroyed and corrosion destroys everything that mechanical influences did not have time to destroy. As a result, after several years of intensive operation, the working modules of the system will need to be completely replaced.
Plastic is also used for the manufacture of drainage systems - an inexpensive and durable material that is light, practical and resistant to aggressive chemical influences. Many people underestimate the possibilities of plastic, but is there any reason to doubt?
Entertaining physics
The first question of a person who first heard about plastic drainage systems: how will such drainage behave when severe frosts? Will the water that has frozen in the working modules during the sudden onset of cold weather tear apart its mains, storm water inlets and sand traps? Many think about it, but not everyone comes to mind the simplest experience from the course of school physics. Recall: there are two bottles of ordinary water - plastic and glass. Which one will burst after being immersed in freezer, and which one is guaranteed to withstand several cycles of freezing and thawing?
Plastic drainage behaves in the cold like plastic bottle: elastic polymers retain their structure, regardless of climatic factors. Also, there were no cases of plastic drainage being destroyed by acids or, for example, petroleum products (gasoline, engine oil, etc.). The strength of the plastic grilles is sufficient to support a passenger car, while the weight of the system is so low that its transportation, installation and maintenance turn into a pleasant chore for the buyer.
If your choice fell on plastic drainage (namely, it is the most promising option for private construction), please note: plastic systems, although cheap, are by no means free. No manufacturer of truly high-quality and durable systems will sell their products for a penny. On the contrary, the reasonable cost of quality goods is always higher than, for example, counterfeit goods.
Complete set of surface drainage systems Alta-Profil
Currently, the manufacturer produces two types of surface drainage systems:
- Point drainage systems - are points for collecting rainfall, installed in places where rapid drainage of large amounts of water is required.
- Linear drainage systems - designed to collect surface water from large areas: from the blind area around the house, from sidewalks and adjacent areas, etc.
Very often these solutions are used separately, but the effectiveness of surface drainage will increase significantly if linear and point drainage are combined into one combined system.
Point drainage
Point drainage is a system consisting of recessed storm water inlets, as well as auxiliary elements (protective gratings, dampers, storm water inlet superstructures, etc.). Water collection and drainage points are organized near roof drains and terraces, on sites in front of the entrance to the house and near walking paths. Also, the installation of storm water inlets will be appropriate in places where natural and man-made landscape depressions are observed.
Linear drainage
Linear drainage is a system consisting of trays, sand traps and additional elements (sand trap baskets, gratings, grating fastenings, etc.). The trays are closed with decorative grilles (plastic or metal) that protect the system from debris. The main function of the trays is to collect and divert wastewater into sand traps.
Linear trays that collect water from large areas are installed in the ground under a horizontal slope. By combining trays of different depths, you can build a system with a sufficiently high throughput.
Trays of linear systems are installed near the construction blind area, sidewalks and functional areas. They are designed to drain water from large areas.
Both systems, through the side outlets of sand traps and storm water inlets, communicate both with each other and with underground drainage mains. Underground pipes, in turn, divert effluents outside the site.
The sequence of installation work
Installation of a combined system (linear + point drainage) is carried out in the following order:
- Identification of areas and areas that need to install trays and storm water inlets in the first place.
- Preparation of trenches for the installation of gutters and underground pipes.
- Creation of recesses for storm water inlets and sand traps.
- Installation of the working elements of the system on the prepared "cushion" and pouring concrete.
Requirements for earthen trenches:
- trenches for the installation of surface trays and underground pipes must have a horizontal slope (2-3 cm per 1 m);
- the depth of the trench intended for installing the drainage tray should be such that the tray sinks into the ground 5 cm below the ground, taking into account the prepared cushion;
- the trench profile must match the size of the tray and have some margin for concrete curling.
Trays are installed in a trench on a prepared concrete base, after which they are covered with a decorative grill and poured on the sides concrete mix. This technology allows you to protect the tray from mechanical impacts and deformations that may occur due to shrinkage of the soil. By the same principle, the installation of storm water inlets and sand traps.
As you can see, it is not difficult to mount a surface drainage with your own hands. For someone who knows how to use a construction tool, this is a good way to save on the arrangement of a functional drainage system.
Summing up
Surface drainage prevents soil from washing out from under foundations and other capital structures, makes the site neat and aesthetic, while protecting it from surface runoff of any origin. The construction of surface systems, in most cases, relieves the developer of the need for arranging expensive deep drainage. This fact, even without complex mathematical calculations, allows the developer to evaluate the beneficial prospects from the use of surface systems.
Now - more specifically. Plastic drainage systems "Alta-profile" are:
- tangible savings on construction work, as well as on the purchase of components (if you purchase their manufacturer);
- the possibility of year-round operation under any climatic conditions (confirmed by successful testing of products in the northern latitudes and outside the Arctic Circle);
- ease of maintenance and unpretentiousness in operation (working modules of the system are easily opened, washed and cleaned of debris);
- durability (guaranteed service life of the Alta-Profile drainage system is 25 years).
Grids, trays and working modules of the system can easily withstand pedestrian loads, as well as the weight of cars. In other words, Alta-Profile plastic systems have all the characteristics that meet the interests of 99% of private developers.
Surface drainage is a complex for draining water from all open surfaces of the site, this includes paths, lawns, and garden plots. This drainage will also help preserve the foundation of the building as well as the basements.
It is worth understanding why surface drainage is needed:
- - helps to protect the fertile soil layer;
- - save the decorative coating, if any;
- - will provide protection from excess moisture of the plant on the site;
- - help to remove moisture from buildings;
- - will not give surface water penetrate deep into the ground.
The surface drainage system can be divided into two types of point and line, depending on the elements for draining water.
Point drainage system
Typically, this method is used to remove rain and melt water from the site. It includes a storm water inlet, which is covered with a mesh with fine mesh, as well as a certain number of pipes. Through such pipes, water will pass and fall into special wells, or septic tanks, which serve as a reception for water.
The design should be installed in places where there are drains or where watering hoses are located. For the most part, such methods are used in places of large gathering. storm water. It can also be used where a linear drainage method is used, that is, where all excess water must be quickly collected.
The point drainage system will perfectly complement the entire moisture removal system, where needed near the house or other buildings. For the manufacture of a point drainage system, it is necessary:
- - storm water inlet;
- - drainage system for draining;
- - special shutters.
Linear drainage
It is usually used to drain a large surface area. It is presented in the form of channels that have the shape of a container, they are covered with decorative gratings from above. Such gratings will help protect the system from various debris getting into it, and you can also move through the channels calmly.
After the system is assembled, you can install a special device that catches sand.
Drain trays are usually made from:
- - concrete mixture;
- - polymeric concrete;
- - plastic.
A linear drainage system will help drain a large area, but storm sewers will be reduced, and all installations of such a system will need to be periodically cleared of accumulated debris. When a drainage system is being made, it is best to use these two types, because this will help to reduce the length of the channels, and, of course, you will have to dig fewer ditches for laying the sewer. All elements of the system are easily mounted according to the instructions that the manufacturers apply, the most difficult thing in this matter is digging ditches for laying drainage systems. In any drainage system, the most important thing is to correctly position all the ditches, excess water will quickly leave, and thus the site will dry out much faster.
