Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden bath. Wiring in the bath: types of laying, safety rules and self-assembly

The wiring of electricity to the bath is carried out in strict accordance with the developed requirements for wet rooms.

Primary requirements:

All furniture located in the hallway or leisure room.
In the steam room there should be no outlets.
For light bulbs and fixtures exclusively sealed ceiling lamps are installed.

Wiring diagram in the bath and instructions for use

wiring diagram

Before building a bath, it is necessary to consider the exact location of all electrical outlets. An important point is to consider the installation of wires in places where the cable will be in a place that does not interfere with construction and further long-term use.

There are 2 types of installation of electrical wires:

external;
interior;

If the sauna building is completely wooden, then the external installation of wires will be the most preferable.

The advantages of this method:

Drops out the need to make a groove in the wall (strobe).
Is always accessibility to the cable, as the installation of the wire is done using a special box.
Is always you can make changes to the layout and wiring.
Much increases the level of fire safety.

Internal breeding is more often applicable in brick or concrete bath structures.

The wire is laid in a ditch (strobe) and it is necessary to consider the conclusions of all connectors:

Output for lamps(mainly in the middle of the ceiling, along the edges).
Switch outlet.
Conclusion under the electric heater.
Control panel output temperature.
Output for sockets, being installed outside the steam room.

The most important condition of all electrically conductive devices in the bath- This is a complete protection against moisture. Corrosion can lead to failure of all devices, even plastic elements are vulnerable to corrosion resistance as they have metal parts.

Which will be powered by 220 V must be mounted in a completely dry place. It is allowed to “conduct” 12 V through the wall of the steam room. Installation of outlets in the steam room is strictly prohibited.

In cases where you plan to install a washing machine in the bath, then it must be installed in a dry place, as well as install an outlet near it. Do not forget about the heating tank, which requires a separate outlet.

Along the perimeter of the territory where the bathhouse building is located, a ground loop should be mounted, the shield should be equipped with an automatic device, or a residual current device with a rated current of not more than 40 mA. As an alternative, you can install a step-down transformer Shtil T-220/12 in the shield.

If it becomes necessary to put the sensor on an electric stove (electric heater), it is recommended to install an exclusively low-voltage version, about 1 meter from the floor and as far as possible from the heater. Often, the electric furnace is connected via a cable leading from the shield through the wall to the steam room.

Step-by-step instruction works:

Bath should be provided a separate power supply line leading from the main body of the shield.
Calculate the main parameters of the machine.
Section selection electrical cable.
Choose from two main methods wire laying (underground / over the air). This choice is made taking into account all the features of the specific location of the shield, the building of the bath and other nuances.
Installation of sockets and light bulbs(These current-carrying devices are not recommended to be installed in the steam room). They must be resistant to moisture.
All wires it is necessary to lay at a rational distance, without leaving excessive sagging and twisting. When laying on walls, they must be tightly fixed. (Cables must not be laid over heating elements).

Wiring power calculation and cable selection

To select the correct one, it will be necessary to know the power of the wiring. There are various reference data where it is possible, depending on the cable cross-section, to determine the estimated power of all devices. All electrical appliances have a label indicating their power consumption.

Tips for calculating power and choosing electrical cables:

When if only lighting fixtures are installed in the bath among electrical appliances, the total power will be about 1-3 kW.
When used in addition to lighting fixtures- electric furnaces, the total power will be correspondingly higher and will be about 6-7 kW.

When wiring is installed, its total power should be taken into account by 20-25% percent higher than the calculated power of all devices in the bathhouse.

Consider an example calculation:

If the power of all devices in the bath is 6 kW, then it is recommended to calculate the wiring for 7 kW. For such quantities, it would be correct to choose VVG cable ng-LS, having a section of 3x4 (4 mm 2).
When choosing electrical wires for lighting, it is recommended to choose a cross section of 3x1.5 (1.5 mm 2), and for sockets, the wire size is best - 3x2.5 (2.5 mm 2).

The connection of electrical cables to the bathhouse is carried out by 2 basic methods:

Underground connection (earth method)- laying is carried out electric wire underground, this procedure is considered an invoice, both in terms of the financial component and the production one. (It is necessary to dig trenches according to special rules and up to a certain level, the cable used for this method is more expensive);
Mounting by air (air method)- carried out by laying the wire directly through the air, above the building of the bathhouse. It is, along with the previous one, more economical, but in turn also requires the implementation of its necessary rules and regulations.

Laying methods

"Earth"

It belongs to the most reliable methods, unfortunately, its choice is not always possible. First of all, it is necessary to complete all the "earth" work and make sure that the cable is laid. It is expensive, has 4 copper wires with a cross section of 10 mm 2.

The cable is equipped with a protective coating and is laid underground, thus being very durable and highly reliable. The steel protective sheath allows you to protect the electrical cable from all kinds of rodents (moles, rats, etc.). Also, the electrical wire is invulnerable to earth shrinkage.

When packing the cable, do not use steel pipe, since condensate collects in it, which is fraught with an effect on the durability of the wire.

Steel pipes are applicable for vertical laying(note: mounting on a pole, on the wall). Pipes no more than 2 meters are often used.

Stages of cable laying underground:

A ditch is dug to a depth of 0.7 - 1 m. Sand or loose earth is poured into it, the layer height is about 10 - 15 cm. Then the cable is again covered with a layer of sand or loose earth.
For providing cable to the building, use a metal sleeve. Its purpose is to protect the wires when moving, as well as finally seat the wooden wall. All these procedures should be carried out with the greatest care and caution.
Remove the protective coating from the cable right before connecting to the shield. Then it is already possible to connect the electrical wire to the machine, making protection against lightning strikes.

Air cable laying

In the event that the consumer chooses a simpler and more economical way of laying the wire through the air, then the following factors must be taken into account:

If, the distance from the house to the bathhouse is 20 30 m, you need to put a support, eliminating the sagging of the cable. To "lay" the wire through the air, a special stretch is used, or insulators made of porcelain.
Electrical cable b must be stretched at a specific height. Above the carriageway, its height is not lower than 6 meters from the ground level. Above the footpaths - not lower than 3.5 - 4 m. To the bathhouse itself, the cable is mounted at a height of 2.75 - 2.90 m.
A so-called "self-supporting" insulated wire is often used. Its duration is estimated at approximately 25 years. Such cables have a strong weather-resistant coating and special load-bearing elements that are invulnerable to overloads. The cross section of such a wire is about 16-20 m 2 and throughput no more than 63-65 A. In the case of a single-phase connection, the output power is 14 kW, and if 3-phase - 42 kW. The main disadvantage of this kind of cable is its low plasticity.
SIP (self-supporting insulated wire)- designed to enter into the bath room itself. It is forbidden to introduce aluminum wires into the steam room itself, it is allowed to carry cables like NYM, NG or VVG.

Type VVG is often applicable for connecting lighting (section 3 x 1.5) and connecting sockets (3 x 2.5).

Internal wiring in the bath: the main stages

When designing electrical wiring, the following steps should be noted:

shield installation;
breeding from the shield;
installation of lamps;
installation of sockets;
installation of an electronic stove;

Installation rules and cabling from the electrical panel

It is necessary to choose the right place for fastening the electrical panel, since all the electrification of the bath will be fed from it.

It is worth canceling the most important requirements:

Shield should be located in a place where it will be freely accessible.
Shield not allowed install in the steam room and other fire hazardous areas.
Room with shield installed should have good lighting.

As a rule, the shield is installed in the hallway or leisure room. Its upper part of the body should be located at a height of at least 1.5 - 2 m from the floor.

Single-phase wiring must have at least 3 cores. According to regulatory documents, the phase conductor must be gray. It connects to the top connector of the input machine. From the lower connector of the outgoing automaton there is a movement to the upper outgoing automata.

The zero core (bluish) is located on the zero block. Protective (greenish-yellow) - on the protective.

The cores of the phases of the cables that go to the load are connected to the lower contacts of the machine.

All electrical cables must be very carefully connected to the shield, the machines are mounted, taking into account the load on the wire.

For wiring, first of all, there must be a wiring diagram in the bathhouse. Its formation should be based on the following nuances:

In the presence of brick walls - the wiring will be hidden under a layer of plaster.
In the presence of wooden walls , the wiring can be open and pass along the surface of the walls.
All cables it is required to lay only in vertical or horizontal positions. There should be no fractures or twists.
All wires should be placed in less visible or conspicuous places.
Electrical sockets, switches, switch boxes it is forbidden to install in rooms with high temperature differences and different levels of humidity.
Core connection must be welded or soldered.
Mounting prohibited electrical wires above the oven.
It is necessary use protective "zeroing".

bathroom wiring diagram

Installation and connection of fixtures

Light lamps installed in the bathhouse must have a degree of protection of the shell not lower than IP 44, as well as a power of not more than 75 watts.

Ceiling lamps for light bulbs must be used mainly glass, since plastic ones are more prone to deformation. Cases are selected metal, connected to the protective core.

The most recommended installation location for luminaires in steam rooms- this is on the walls, not on the ceilings, since under the ceilings the temperature level is considered to be the highest. Steam rooms use voltage (12 V), therefore step-down transformers located outside the steam room are necessary.

Sockets are recommended to be mounted exclusively on the walls, outside the steam room. It can be a leisure room or a hallway. The height above the floor is about 90 - 100 cm. For additional electrical safety, it is proposed to choose models of electrical socket housings with covers. Protection class no more than IP-44.

Norms for connecting an electric furnace

To connect the oven, you will need special wires that can withstand very high temperatures (150 - 200 ⁰С) + high power consumption (4 - 6 kW). A 3 x 2.5 mm cable can withstand this kind of load.

Mounting heat-resistant wires should be carried out to mounting box installed away from the room with high temperatures, and ordinary VVG wires are suitable from the box to the shield.

Main mistakes:

Wrong choice of wire type and cross section, is one of the most common mistakes. The electrical cable must be in accordance with the installed power (2kW / 1mm).
Incorrect or insufficient wire insulation. Copper wires are of better quality, they are much more reliable than aluminum ones.
Wrong attitude to technical safety. Inept and careless handling of all elements of electrification.

Nuances of electrification. When a bath is made of wood, sheet asbestos should be laid at the bottom of the tubes, and if the wires go through the heating structures, then from all sides relative to the cable.
Passing wire through walls. One of the common ways to install wires is open wiring. For greater convenience and safety, it is recommended to use metal sleeves when passing cables through walls between rooms.
electrical wiring. It is imperative that before starting the installation of branching wires and planning their connections, you should consider the wiring diagram of the bath. Cables should not be run at oblique angles, only horizontally or vertically. It is necessary to eliminate all twists and bends.
Electrical wiring technique. Since wooden baths can easily catch fire, it is often recommended to carry out open installation in such baths. This installation method is more economical with the least time and maintenance costs.
Installation of machines. For more convenient maintenance, it is recommended that all machines be signed so that any damage can be easily repaired. Also, it is very useful to have wiring diagrams near the machines.

All installation procedures should be entrusted to professionals, since ignorance and inability can lead to large financial costs and precious time.

The modern bath is complex and functional system which requires the provision of electricity. In the steam room, they often equip an electric heater, a floor heating system, pumping station and other fixtures. Steam is an excellent conductor of electricity. Accordingly, sockets can only be placed in technical rooms that are protected from moisture. Only in such places, condensate will not be able to get conductive elements.

General provisions for electrical wiring

Video: what cable to use for electrical wiring in the bath

How to do the wiring with your own hands

Before performing the installation of wires, you will need to draw up an electrical circuit for the steam room. The cable is laid horizontally or vertically. It must not be bent or twisted.

How to draw up a wiring diagram in a steam room

The following elements are usually indicated on the wiring diagram in the steam room:

According to this principle, you can create a diagram yourself, you just need to note all the details and their exact location. It is also desirable to indicate the marking and ratings of all devices used.

It will be more convenient to make installation if the marking and ratings of the cable and automatic shutdown devices are applied to the circuit

How to calculate the required cross section

It will be necessary to correctly calculate the cross-section of the cores, so that in the future the wiring in the steam room can withstand maximum loads.

The calculation technology will be considered with an example. Let's assume that:

in the steam room there are 5 lighting fixtures of 100 W each, a stove-heater, a washing machine and an electric heater;
the average power of the stove is 4 kW, washing machines - 2 kW;
the electric heater consumes 2 kW.

As a result, we get 8.5 kW of used power from all electrical devices. To this figure should be added a reserve power margin of 20%. The result is 10.2 kW.

To determine the current value, according to which it will be possible to select the required cross section, you will need to divide the total power by the mains voltage: 10200 / 220 = 46 A. The cable cross-sectional area is selected according to a special table.

Table: cross-section of a copper cable depending on the current strength (at a voltage of 220 V)

Accordingly, for the room under consideration, an electric cable with a cross section of 6 mm² is suitable.

If a single-phase connection is made, this wiring will be able to withstand a power of approximately 14 kW. If you plan to make a three-phase connection, then the power indicator will increase to 42 kW. For an ordinary steam room, this power will be enough.

By analogy, the calculation of the device for backup shutdown is performed. However, in this case, it will be necessary to use the power of not all structures, but the desired circuit. For example, it can be lighting fixtures or a stove.

How to choose accessories for wiring

It is important to choose the right fittings and other parts that will be needed to complete the wiring in the steam room.

For each room, a layout of sockets, switches, junction boxes and lamps is drawn up

For sockets and switches, it is recommended to use the VVGng or NYM electrical cable. The minimum section for the socket will be 2.5 mm², for the switch - 1.5 mm². For sockets and devices for switching off, the level of protection must comply with existing requirements: the housing must be sealed and additionally covered with a lid.

For wiring in the steam room, preference should be given to cables with copper cores, as they are capable of passing large currents. In addition, they are less exposed to mechanical damage.

Video: do-it-yourself wiring in the bath

Wiring Precautions

Video: types of bath lamps

Methods for installing wiring in a steam room

First of all, the electrical wiring must be brought from the shield on the street to the structure in the bath. Cable laying from the street can be done over the air or underground. To determine the appropriate method, you should learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

How to install an electrical panel

From introductory shield the entire energy system of the steam room is powered. You will need to choose the most suitable place for the installation of the structure. It is important to adhere to the following rules:

The electrical panel must always be accessible.
The place should be regularly ventilated.
It is not allowed to place the shield in a fire hazardous room.
The device must be placed in a room with lighting.

Most often, the shield is mounted in a recreation area. It consists of a structure for automatic shutdown, an incoming and outgoing automaton. The upper part of the device should be located at a distance of 1.5–2 m from the floor.

If the wiring is single-phase, you will need to use a three-wire cable for power.

The wires for input and output to the load must be carefully laid in the electrical panel, and then removed from it through corrugated tubes. RCDs and circuit breakers should be installed taking into account the level of load on the electrical cable. It is important to ensure that the wires in the terminal holders are securely fastened, otherwise it will not be possible to avoid overheating of the section due to poor fixation.

The sequence of steps for installing electrical wiring in different ways

If the underground wiring method is selected, then the sequence of actions will be as follows:

Next, the installation of electrical wiring in all rooms. When leading the wire to the sockets, it is worth remembering that the cores are wound up at the bottom. When the cable is routed through all the rooms and connected to the fittings, you will need to connect the wiring to the switches.

The cable to each outlet must be fed from below

When wiring the electrical cable from the shield, the following points should be considered:

The wiring of the electrical cable to each point must be made in an inseparable piece.
If the walls are built of stone or brick, then the wiring may be hidden. In this case, it can be masked with a layer of dry mixture.
From junction boxes, you can lay the cable only at right angles.
Wires should be placed in an inconspicuous place.
The conductors of the wires are connected using terminal clamps. The use of twists is strictly prohibited.

The main mistakes that are made when installing electrical wiring in a bath

The wiring must be at least 0.8 m from the chimney structure and the heater. In the steam room and shower room, it is allowed to install lighting fixtures with protection class IP44 and higher. Great option is to use 12 V halogen lamps. The cable must be single core, heat resistant and heat resistant up to 180 °C. The insulation must be silicone.

It is necessary to fasten the cable in increments of at least 40 cm, changing the direction of the laying should be carried out smoothly, without fractures

In most cases, when installing electrical wiring, inexperienced craftsmen make the following mistakes:

Installation of hidden wiring on combustible bases in plastic tubes. It is worth knowing that doing this is strictly prohibited.
Installation of electrical wiring in a metal sleeve. This also cannot be done.
Installation of lighting fixtures in the upper part. For safety reasons, it is recommended to organize lighting in the lower part, next to the cool floor. It is allowed to use spot lighting, which can be placed under the shelf. This will make it possible to make a mysterious and non-standard lighting design. It is mandatory to use a heat-resistant wire in a metal tube.

The electrical wiring for the steam room should be checked every 4 years. You should know that aluminum wiring has a service life of 15 years. Copper wiring will last 20 years. After this period, the wiring must be replaced.

In the bath, in most cases, low-voltage voltage is used, so it is recommended to use step-down transformers. They should be placed outside the steam room. Sockets can be installed exclusively on the walls in the dressing room or rest room. They must be placed at a height of 95 cm. It is recommended to use devices with protective caps.

To connect the stove, you will need wires that can withstand elevated temperatures and considerable power consumption. For this task, wiring in a cable channel is suitable. PMTK wires can be pulled to a junction box, which is located outside the high humidity area. From the box to the electrical panel, it will be possible to introduce a VVG cable with a cross section of 3x2.5 mm.

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Proper wiring in a sauna is considered a key safety measure. To carry out communications in a wet room, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the PUE and state standards. The following is a discussion of how to properly conduct electrical wiring in the bath with your own hands.

A general view of the electrical wiring in a do-it-yourself sauna

If you decide to do all the work yourself, then you need to familiarize yourself with the technical and practical minimum for a quality result. Do-it-yourself wiring in the bath will save a decent amount of money.

Requirements for work and checkpoints

a separate line is laid to the sauna from the main shield;
the path to the end points (lamps) is minimal;
wiring is laid openly (with appropriate protection measures);
at the input, it is mandatory to install an RCD or difavtomat;
it is forbidden to install sockets and household switches directly in the steam room;
lines are not allowed to be laid over heating equipment;
class of fixtures, sockets and switches not lower than IP54;
lightning protection and grounding must be performed on the line;
you can not use metal insulation for checkpoints (cable and wire products);
the connection of wires is carried out in junction boxes by the terminal method;
for the organization of electrical wiring, copper cables are used that do not spread combustion of the VVG-ng type.

Laying methods

For steam rooms, as well as for conventional power supply facilities, two types of cable laying can be used: air and underground. The first, simpler, is used everywhere due to the lack of the need for excavation.

According to the type of power supply, single-phase and three-phase inputs to saunas and steam rooms are distinguished.

The least expensive method. If the metering device and the shield are located on a support or on a fence, then the checkpoint wire repeats the route of entry into the building. Before entering the dressing room, a through sleeve and a circuit breaker are installed in the outer wall of the building;

Example of air entry into the sauna

Cable laying underground

The method is expensive and requires more time for construction and installation work. The main advantage of laying underground is the complete concealment of the power supply route - such a laying will not spoil appearance site.

Armored cables with copper conductors are used for work. It is they who have the longest service life and excellent technical characteristics.

Single-phase 220 V connections will fully cover the needs of a standard house. On average, 10 kW is consumed for general needs for a bath, which is 45 A, taking into account the installation of a separate stove and lighting.

Three-phase wiring is used to connect high-power objects in large cottages with many additional electrical appliances. If the heater is three-phase, then the network to the steam room must be made with a five-wire cable or four-wire with connection to the general circuit of the building.

This method has a number of advantages:

constant access for inspection and repair;
the use of a gearbox of a smaller section;
possibility of application in fire hazardous and damp rooms.

General view of open wiring

Requirements for electrical appliances

Requirements apply to the switchboard, sockets and household switches, lamps and cable.

Cabling and wiring products (KPP)

According to SNIPs and PUE, heat-resistant conductors are used for wet rooms. The cable must be heat-resistant and insensitive to humidity. cable lines laid strictly horizontally and vertically. Diagonal sections are prohibited to avoid future emergencies associated with insulation breakdowns.

Peculiarities:

The wiring will be performed openly.
Corrugated pipes are selected from self-extinguishing plastics.
Pipes are fastened with plastic brackets along the entire length of the line with a frequency of 0.7 m.

From the input-accounting device, the line is laid to the switchboard (with difavtomatov and RCD), which is the communications control center in the bath. Installation is permissible in a dry room (for example, a locker room). The equipment must be well lit, and also be resistant to mechanical stress. After the shield, step-down transformers are used to organize the lighting network, which allow you to get a voltage of 12 V.

Installation example electrical panel in the do-it-yourself lounge

Requirements for the installation site of the shield:

open access;
good illumination (as a rule, the installation site is chosen by the window);
lack of excess moisture in the room;
a separate machine is installed on the electric furnace.

In the rest room and dressing room, the same lighting fixtures are used as in living rooms. In the steam room and dressing room, they are subject to special requirements:

Installation prohibited ceiling lights– during operation, they are subject to particularly heavy steam loads, and they also accumulate condensate, which can lead to a short circuit.
Installation of lamps is preferable at the level of the legs or at a height of 1.6 m.
The protection class of luminaires must be at least IP
Preferred use LED lamps– with great strength and resistance to high temperatures.

An example of installing a lamp in a bath

Sockets, household switches, junction boxes

Installed in dressing rooms and rest rooms. In the steam rooms, the installation of any devices, except for lamps, is prohibited.

Peculiarities:

One junction box is installed for each element.
All elements are installed at a height of 160 cm.
Sockets are performed at a level of up to 80 cm from the floor.

Mounting

Stages of work:

Electrical wiring from the shield to individual points.
Distribution board installation. It is carried out in accordance with the norms and requirements of the PUE and the relevant GOSTs. The modular cabinet must be purchased taking into account the installation of additional equipment (relay, additional RCD and difavtomat), i.e. the bar should contain 3-4 empty cells.
Building entry device. Can be done open and in a closed way. The choice of subsequent equipment and gearbox does not depend on external power supply.
Choice of equipment and gearbox. Cables are selected based on the total load. For example, for a total load of 6 kW, a gearbox of 3 mm 2 will be enough. For internal networks, copper cables VVG-ng (flame retardant) and copper wires with a rubber waterproof sheath (APV, PPV, PRN, PRKA, RKGM, etc.) are used. According to the safety rules, the checkpoint must be carried out in corrugated tubes and cable channels that are resistant to fire - flexible PVC, etc. The pipes must be equipped with a probe (wire) - to allow cables to be pulled into the cavity.
Calculation of the power of electrical appliances, lighting. At this stage, it is necessary to estimate the total electricity consumption in the bath. To do this, consider the preliminary power of electrical appliances and add it to the total load on lighting. In addition, the line must withstand a reserve of 3 kV to the total power (for the prospect of installing newer or more powerful electrical equipment).
Separate branches of electrical wiring are carried out exclusively in solid pieces of cables. The choice of route is aimed at reducing conductor connections.
To connect electrical appliances to a pair, the supply is carried out through insulated through holes made in the immediate vicinity of them.
Grounding must be performed to all elements of the electrical network.
Channels from holes and pipes are sealed with moisture-proof mastics or bitumen to prevent ingress and accumulation of condensate inside the cavities.
Luminaires should be made of glass and ceramics, not contain exposed metal elements.

Do-it-yourself socket installation

When performing all work, you must follow the instructions. This will help to avoid negative consequences and a quick failure of the bath's internal power supply network.

The practical part contains several stages:

creation of a power supply scheme indicating the exact location of trunk lines, branches, installation of switches, sockets, shield and lamps;
purchase of selected equipment and gearboxes;
organization of external power supply;
installation of a switchboard indoors;
laying of cable and wire products;
installation of electrical equipment;
compound individual elements into a single system;
checking the grounding and serviceability of electrical wiring;
measurements of resistance loops and measures to adjust the parameters (installation of additional electrodes in the ground loop);
checking RCDs and difavtomatov (button TEST);
checking the input machine.

Upon successful completion of the last stage of work, the electrical wiring in the bath is considered completed.

Electrical installation. Video

Visually, the installation of wiring in the bath will show the video below.

insulation materials for steam rooms and saunas must be heat-resistant;
for the main sections of the line, a checkpoint with a cross section of at least 16 m² is used;
sockets and household switches are installed on metal plates;
an insulating refractory material such as asbestos is placed under the sections of the lines;
pipes choose flexible corrugated from self-extinguishing PVC plastic;
wood treatment is performed with an antiseptic to improve water-repellent properties.

One not big, but important stage of construction simply cannot be avoided. It is necessary to conduct electricity to the bathhouse, make competent wiring inside the room in accordance with the established rules and install points: sockets, switches and lighting fixtures, according to the scheme. About this and that How is the wiring in the bath and a steam room with your own hands, you will learn from this article.

How to connect the bath to electricity from home?

The bath is built separately from the house and is connected to the shield with a separate cable, through its own machine and RCD. Most often, the power cable is laid underground, which has some advantages over creating an overhead line.

Advantage number one is that this type of gasket provides cable safety and eliminates its breakage in gusty or heavy winds.
Advantage number two is that cable invisibility does not spoil the external aesthetic appearance of the surrounding landscape. The switchboard is most often installed at the entrance to the room, with outer side but indoor installation is also possible. Electrical outlets and lighting fixtures are connected to this shield.

If there are plans to install additional electrical equipment - electric oven(although who will install an electric oven in a frame version or a log house?), a steam generator, electric heating, then the total power must correspond not only to the wiring in the bath and steam room, but also to the main power cable itself.

A free-standing bath can be connected with a CIP cable or aluminum wires without insulation, which are stretched between two buildings. It is better to choose a SIP cable so as not to pull over a section of wire without insulation. The SIP system has its own fastening system to the facades and a supporting steel core, which makes it possible to stretch the cable.

If the footage from the line connection point is more than 25 meters, an intermediate pole is required. The SIP cable has aluminum wires and must not be inserted into wooden bath. To enter the bath on the facade, a power machine or a switch is installed, after which a cable is connected with copper wires and with the help of a metal sleeve is introduced into the room.

Underground electrical cable laying

This method of connecting a bath will require a significant amount of earthwork when digging a trench with a depth of 0.8 to 1.2 meters, from the connection point to the bath. The cable for underground installation can be laid directly into the ground or use a plastic sleeve from a pipe to better save the cable from damage.

For this purpose, it is better to use products with insulation made of cross-linked polyethylene of the XLPE brand, which has a guarantee of about 25 years. The cable can be connected to two shields from below, through the foundation along inner wall with its laying in a metal pipe. This type of connection is designed to protect the cable from possible mechanical damage and comply with the requirements of the EMP.

Switchboard installation

The dimensions of the inner shield are determined by the number of circuit breakers and RCDs used that will be installed. The shield is placed at a height of 1.5 to 2 m from the floor next to the entrance to the bath to turn it on at the entrance. At the input, an RCD must be installed on all electrical wiring and an introductory machine, which should have a lower trip current than the machine in the house, which protects the outgoing line. If a 25 A machine is installed in the house, it is possible to install a 20 A machine in the bath at the input. The RCD at the input protects all the electrical wiring of the bath and is designed to protect the bath from fire and protect people from possible electric shock when it leaks.

Electrician in the bath: rules, wiring diagram

Next, we consider two main issues that arise during the installation of electricians in the bath. First, for example, consider the simplest working wiring diagram in the dressing room, with detailed description the whole process. Further important practical advice on the topic: do-it-yourself wiring in the bath.

The correct wiring diagram in the bath and its phased installation

If you are looking for information that will indicate where and how many sockets, switches, lamps you need to install, then this is not quite the right approach to solving the issue.

Start dancing on what devices you will use and where they will be located. Determine places for switches, lamps and start creating your wiring diagram in the bath. The functional placement of electricians is when the switch is on its own when entering the room, turning on the TV is not associated with rearranging furniture, and using an outlet does not imply taking a horizontal position. Following are the step by step steps:

Step one: Draw the wiring diagram

We start with a simple working electrical circuit for the dressing room. The minimum set of points consists of:

Switch (1 pc.);
Electric sockets (2 pcs.);
Lamp (1 piece);
Junction box (1 pc.);
Automatic switch (1 pc.).

The simplest wiring diagram wiring for the dressing room, taking into account distances and installation locations

In the photo: Designation of the circuit breaker on the diagram

In the photo: Designation of electric lamps on the diagram

In the photo: Designation of the switch on the diagram

In the photo: Designation of sockets on the diagram

In the photo: The layout of all nodes and points

Step two: We install cable channels (cases) or corrugation (tubes) for wiring

All wires, in case of open wiring, must be protected by plastic cases or corrugated hoses. And this is really important!

Wanna bring you real example from life. In a city apartment, children played ball in the hallway. The ball hit the wall, along which the insulated wire from the lamp descended and the wire turned into a fickford cord. A white, luminous dot began to move, devouring the isolation. I turned off the lamp, but it was too late, the process had already begun. It’s good that a cobweb or a “dusty rabbit” didn’t get in the way of the light, and the light didn’t have time to hide in a wooden plinth and the process itself was controlled by adults, otherwise the fire would not have been avoided.

If you have chosen a corrugation, then all the wiring is skipped in it in advance using an internal wire. When planning and calculating the volume of material, take it with a small (5-10%) margin. If you settled on cable channels - pencil cases (and I prefer this option more), then the wire can be laid directly when connecting the wiring. When choosing canisters, be guided by the dimensions of the wiring. It is impossible to take a small volume because the wire will not fit, and more than necessary, it simply does not make sense.

In the photo: cable channels of various sizes for wiring

In the photo: wiring laid to the switch in the cable channel

Step three: We lay the wires in the cable channels

Starting the installation of wiring in the bath, you must of course be provided with the appropriate wires and cables. But how to choose a wire from the right material with the right cross section? Having a professional project in hand, there will be no questions, but how to solve it if the circuit and the wiring itself are made independently?

A few simple rules will help to cope with this task:

We do not purchase aluminum wires. Why? Increased brittleness, not the possibility of direct twisting with copper, lower throughput with an equal cross section;
We use stranded wires: standard two or three-core, when planning a grounding device;
For power points household appliances from the junction box, use a wire with a cross section of 1.5 mm 2;
For lamps with a power of 0.1 to 2 kW, a wire with a cross section of even 0.5 mm 2 is sufficient;
When purchasing a wire, follow the priorities in descending order: material, section, insulation, price.

table

cross-section ratio of stranded copper wire for use in a network with a voltage of 220V to the load power

Wire section in mm	Power in kW	Current in A
0,5	2,4	11
0,75	3,3	15
1	3,7	17
1,5	5	23
2	5,7	26

Step four: We connect the wiring according to the wiring diagram

And so, there is a circuit, the cable channels are installed, the wiring is divorced, it remains to connect the pre-purchased sockets, switches and lamps into one working circuit. In the connection process, I recommend using two methods: block and twist method. In general, some number 5, seven or even 7! such methods, but those that I offer are the simplest, most reliable and not expensive.

Preparation and installation of the connection in the block

The first step is to remove part of the insulation of the wire that will be attached to the terminal. As long as it's not removed! teeth and sharp knife it's not very a good option. It’s clear about the teeth, but when using a knife, there is a possibility of damage to the conductive part of the wire. It is possible to use heating with a suitable device, and even better, purchase an automatic stripper - a special tool for stripping insulation.

Wire stripping tools

It is necessary to measure somewhere 3 cm from the beginning of the wire and melt (or bite off with a stripper) part of the insulation. We pull out the conductive part leaving 1 cm and then, twisting the wire, we get the perfect twist. After twisting, cut off the excess with wire cutters and solder the conductive part.

Preparing the wire for installation in the block

After that, we twist the bare conductive part for connection in the block and inserting it under the washer into the sockets of the block, tighten the screw. Carbolite terminal blocks are mounted in accordance with GOST 17557-88. Installation of wires with a cross section of up to 1.5 mm in such blocks does not absolutely cause any difficulties.

Installation of the wire in the block and installation in junction box

Preparation and installation of a twist connection

Connections can be made by twisting the wires. This option is cheaper, but not by much, so the choice is yours. Although, after installation by the twisting method, everything will be hidden in a junction box and the chosen option will not affect the aesthetic side of the issue. And about the reliability and efficiency of twisting, as a method of connection, we can say the following.

At the moment, this connection method is a little disliked, assuming that it is morally outdated and somehow flawed, especially since the construction market offers us many affordable, modern and technological solutions. But the fact remains: twisting is one of the most reliable types of installation for one simple reason. With a high-quality connection, the contact area of the connected elements is larger than when using other options! And this, in turn, provides confidence that overheating of the junction will not occur, which makes this choice safer and more reliable.

How to make a quality twist?

We remove part of the insulating coating of the wires;
We make a kind of fan out of each wire;
We combine the resulting fans in the same plane;
We make manual twisting of wires;
We make additional twisting with the help of pliers;
We solder the resulting twist;
We remove the end of the resulting twist with the help of wire cutters;
We isolate the connection with electrical tape or heat shrink tubing.

How to make a quality twist

Everything on this virtual wiring in the bath according to the selected scheme is completed. But however, in order not to deceive the expectations of individual readers, I post working proven wiring diagram in the bath. Everyone, on its basis, can make his own design, suitable for him, by removing or adding the necessary elements.

Electrician in the bath: important practical tips

In conclusion, I will give a few simple but important practical advice regarding the organization of electricians in the bath. There are NO significant moments that relate to electrics!

Power sockets are connected to the shield with a cable with a cross section of 2.5 brand VVG or NYM 3x2.5, lighting and a switch are connected with the same cable with a wire cross section of 1.5 sq. mm.
Everything passages through walls performed in a metal sleeve;
Cable is laid at a height of 10 cm from the ceiling, distribution boxes are installed at the same distance boxes;
switches and distribution boxes installed from the side of relatively dry rooms;
Sockets in the steam room are not installed, sockets with IP44 protection can be installed in the bathroom or washing room, for the protection of which a separate RCD and an automatic device are installed in the shield;
Fixtures are connected to the junction box with a 3x1.5 cable and when laying the cable under wood trim steam rooms or sinks must be inside a metal pipe;
In order not to deal with laying the cable in the pipe, lamps in the sauna can be installed in corners, and connected from above through the attic in order to reduce the length of the cable that passes under the lining, and first pass the cable into a copper pipe, which is easier to mount and bend;
Do not try hide wiring under wooden plinth, place the wires near the floor together with sockets and extension cords. What if you accidentally drop a bucket of water, there will be fireworks! It may be necessary to add an RCD. Remember about children, pets, start worrying in advance;
Do not twist together aluminum and copper wire. This is an unreliable connection, it will oxidize over time and there will be no necessary contact, and with a high current there will also be heating, and there it’s not far from a fire. Do not make such a connection even for a while, then you will forget, and everything temporary becomes permanent. Use contact plugs.
For greater safety, after each input of electrical wires, whether it be a bathhouse, an outbuilding or a house, it is advisable to put separate automatic fuse. This will facilitate further troubleshooting, provide better protection, and in the event of a short circuit, it will work faster;
If single-phase wiring, then it is desirable to separate wires for sockets through your automatic fuse and wires for lighting through the other. You will not be left in complete darkness, again, it is easier then to find the cause of the malfunction yourself. If electrical network- three-phase, then each phase must be evenly loaded with consumers. For example, put one phase into sockets, the second for lighting, the third for household needs: a pump, a water heater, lighting for a change house, etc. Overloading in case of simultaneous switching on of electrical appliances is excluded.

Three words about connectors and why I don't like them?

As for the connectors - a separate issue, I personally am afraid to use them, this disease remained from the operation of the Volga car. When I turned on the dipped beam, smoke poured out from under the torpedo, this forced me to return from the dacha before dark, I even had to exceed the speed limit so as not to catch fire. They passed the law - to drive with the headlights on, decided that they had completely overlaid it, could not stand it, removed the torpedo, cleaned the contact connection on the switch and soldered it. A friend of mine had a torpedo at nine burned out completely, he himself barely had time to jump out of the car, he was lucky! If copper wires are used, then it is better to twist them, solder them, wrap them with insulating tape. If you are confident in the quality of the connecting contacts, then it is easier with them.

Which circuit to put the light switch on?

Recently made for myself important discovery. I never thought about which circuit to put the lighting switch on - phase or zero? Do you know that yourself? At first I thought that it was safer along the neutral wire, it would not shake if the switch broke. It turned out that by phase - safer. If a light bulb cartridge is stuck in the chandelier, and the bulb itself remains in the hands, we turn off the light and with pliers on a stepladder, without fear that it will shake, we calmly turn the cartridge out. If you approach in the reverse order, then in case of shaking, falling from the stepladder, pushing off the chandelier, is extremely inconvenient than sliding down the wall with a switch.

About lamps and dimmers in the bath

And more about lamps. Now everyone is gradually abandoning incandescent lamps and switch to energy saving and rightly so, such lamps allow you to save electricity, last longer and heat up slightly. However, it should be borne in mind that some lighting control devices on the market, in particular dimmers (light intensity controllers) and switches with diode backlighting, are not suitable for such lamps.

As for dimmers, you need to use special models for energy-saving lamps, dimmers for conventional lamps with energy-saving ones do not work due to the peculiarities of the latter. Diode-lit switches can cause the lamps to flicker when the lights are off, which again is due to differences in the design of conventional and energy-saving lamps. If your lamp is flickering when the light is off, then it is probably the switch that is to blame. It is necessary either to turn off the backlight diode in the switch, or use a special switch, I think that such should exist.

This article is over… It is clear that for someone the number of letters, text and information presented will seem redundant, for someone, on the contrary, something will not be enough. However, the goal of this article was not to make you a ready-made professional electrician. The goal was to give an understanding of the whole process of organizing electricians in the bath with their own hands, as well as to pay attention to individual important points its installation. I hope this worked out and the information is useful to you ...

Since ancient times, there was only natural light in the baths - through a small window. With the advent of affordable electricity, conditions improved markedly. However, wiring in the bath requires a careful approach due to high humidity and temperature. It will be comfortable in the steam room if there are no extra wires and switches in it, and each lamp has its own place.

Air inlet to the bath of electricity

The wiring in the bath is connected from home. The cable is laid underground or pulled through the air, which is much easier. In this case, the following rules must be observed.

Electricity is laid over roads not lower than 6 m, and over sections where pedestrians pass - from 3.5 m or more.

Air entry into the building is carried out at a height of at least 2.7 m. For this, insulated wires SIP series with a cross section of at least 16 mm 2. They do not need a carrying cable. Its role is played by the neutral wire, which can be with or without insulation. Wires are attached to brackets with anchor clamps. They are difficult to insert into the shield due to their high rigidity. Therefore, outside the building, the wires are connected to a copper cable such as VVGng or NUM. It is introduced into the house through a metal pipe inclined to the street by 5-10 0 . The cores of the input cable are connected to the SIP using hermetic piercing clamps.

Underground cable entry

Underground input is made by armored cables of the VBbShv or VBbShvng type. For them, soil shrinkage and rodents are not dangerous. The cross section of the cores is from 10 mm 2. The cable is placed in a trench 70-100 cm deep, in a layer of sand. To eliminate the appearance of tension during soil shrinkage, laying is done in waves. It is not recommended to use metal pipes to protect the cable, since condensate accumulates in them. It is advisable to use them when the cable is pulled vertically from the ground to a wall or pole.

A shield is mounted in the dressing room, into which the cable is inserted.

Ways to connect electricity

From home, the connection to the bath is usually made single-phase, but three-phase is also possible. In the first case, the current is supplied to the consumer through the phase wire, and goes back through the zero one. In a three-phase circuit, current flows to the load through 3 wires, and returns one at a time. Some electrical appliances can only be connected according to this scheme.

Advantages three-phase network following.

Power can exceed 30 kW, although this is not required for a bath.
Can connect electrical devices with both single and three-phase power supply.

The disadvantage is the need to install special equipment in the shield. In addition, all phases must be evenly loaded for the correct operation of the network.

Wiring Requirements

Electrical Requirements

How to calculate electrical wiring?

The calculation of any electrical wiring begins with the determination of the power of all devices. For lighting, you need 1-2 kW. About 3 kW will be needed for washing machine. An electric stove consumes 5 kW or more.

The wire from the house to the introductory machine of the bath shield takes the entire load and its cross section will be maximum (usually 4 mm 2). Then a separate cable will go to the electric furnace. Its cross section will be slightly smaller than the main one, since the maximum power is consumed (2.5 mm 2). Separate lines for lighting and sockets with smaller wire sections are also connected. For each of them, its own and permissible cross section is calculated.

Important! Wiring in the bath should not overload the house. Before installing it, you need to determine how much power the home network will pull.

Power of electrical equipment

Determination of power is not difficult, since it is indicated on the equipment. The first number means voltage (12V, 24V, 220V) and the second number means power in kW. Depending on the magnitude of the total load, the cross section of the cable cores is selected. With a rough estimate, 10 A of load per 1 mm 2 of the copper wire section. More precisely, it can be determined from the tables, which take into account the method of laying. For example, underground will require more than air. A 20% power reserve is added to the calculated values. Usually, a wire with a cross section of 4 mm 2 is taken for a bath.

The choice of machines and RCDs

Circuit breakers are used to protect wiring from short circuits and overloads. The machines are selected according to the operating current 10-15% below the maximum allowable value for the wire. They differ by class. For moderate loads to which the wiring of a house and a bath is exposed, class C circuit breakers are usually used. A single-phase network is placed at the input, and single-pole lines are placed on the lines extending from the shield. It is important that the connection is made through a phase wire.

An important device in the shield, necessary for a room with high humidity, is an RCD. It is selected from the standard row, one step higher in face value than that of the machine connected in front of it. If the latter is rated at 25 A, then the RCD is taken at 30 A.

Internal wiring device

Wires are laid at the bottom of the walls. A sealed socket with a cover or a switch has an entry from below or from the side. With lateral entry, the wires are bent in the form of a knee so that moisture does not flow down them inside.

The wires enter the steam room through the wall, at the locations of the lamps. Their free ends should be with a small margin in order to conveniently connect to the terminals.

Electrical appliances are grounded if they have metal body parts. For this, the supply cables are selected as three-core.

All wires from electrical appliances are collected in a shield.

Wiring

How to choose an electric furnace?

Connecting an electric furnace. The furnace is surrounded by a wooden fence with asbestos insulation inside. It is selected by power, depending on the volume of the room and the required heating rate. In addition, when buying, you should choose the appropriate dimensions, as well as types: wall-mounted, floor-mounted, with a steam generator, etc. They cost from 5 thousand rubles. and higher. The cost of electricity for heating is quite large and not all external power networks will be able to provide power of more than 5 kW, for example, for a summer residence. The electric heater is installed with a direct cable from the switchboard machine.

Common mistakes when laying electrical wiring in the bath

The location of the wires to the heater and the chimney is closer than 0.8 m.
Laying wiring closer than 0.5 m to batteries or pipes.
The use of lamps in the steam room and shower room below the degree of protection IP44.
For wiring at elevated temperatures, a plastic cable channel is used, which quickly deforms from heating.
The wiring is located on the ceiling of the steam room. It is especially dangerous to lay it over the furnace.

Conclusion

Operates under special operating conditions. Elevated temperature and humidity in the premises require compliance with all electrical safety requirements. With proper design, right choice cables with electrical equipment and in compliance with all installation rules, the power supply of the bath will work reliably for many years.