Which septic tank to choose for a country house. Septic tank for a summer residence with off-season accommodation - which one is better to choose

rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)

And now the moment has come when the relief of the site is planned, the dream house is built of reliable material, it remains to complete a couple of moments related to convenience and nature ... proper solution to this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewage system or a septic tank, which will allow you to purify wastewater and save the environment. Therefore, the only way out is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewer and fecal matter into almost pure water and harmless sludge. Los or septic tank is better to choose for a country house? But what is the best septic tank or los? What suits me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of septic tanks look like volatile or non-volatile? This is probably one of the most difficult questions when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our lives, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked this question when building their dream home, choosing a site or materials, which of the offered on the market is the most reliable and of high quality. I want to compare to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for you. Understand which quality septic tank has a great guarantee.

History of the septic tank

Long gone are the days when in a private house everyone was satisfied with a "birdhouse" on the street. The modern standard of comfortable life, even in the country, requires the presence of a normal toilet and, at least, a shower. And in the house there is often more than one bathroom, and even in addition there are many household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private house must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of a method for processing wastewater. Since the correct selection and subsequent disposal of wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.

Article about the best /

What will we get from this article? - MAXIMUM in order to choose a septic tank / los. We will also pay attention to the definitions, principles of operation of various treatment plants, the most popular and efficient models. We will determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or garden. And what characteristics should be considered when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to make a mistake in choosing for yourself best solution for sewerage.

Variations of the best septic tank or in 2018

Today is already 2018 and in our modern world there is a lot of competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to make right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, You understand how many of them, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - we will completely determine what is what? Since many people confuse the name of a septic tank with an autonomous sewer.

For temporary residence

For permanent residence

DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with common definition What are the systems and what are they for? Below is a block of information to understand the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for home and garden will be your own. Let's start with the simplest - definitions and explanations of what is what.

A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (fr. réserve from lat. reservare - save), designed to accumulate household wastewater from the sewer. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). This technological solution allows you to save the ecological environment on your and neighboring site. The storage tank does not process or treat wastewater from the sewer.

Drains come to the storage tank, from where they are periodically pumped out by a sewage machine.

A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a reservoir and a system of perforated drainage pipes, designed for the treatment of household wastewater from the sewer. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:

The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, where sewage from the house enters.
The second part of the septic tank is a structure (filtration field or soil post-treatment) of perforated pipes laid on a layer of rubble.

The first part of the septic tank, or receiving chamber, can be made of many materials, but we would talk about this in the next article. He will also talk about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.

VOC is a local treatment facility designed for mechanical and biological treatment of household wastewater from sewers. This facility is a multi-chamber closed system in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment take place. The whole complex of measures in VOC allows for complete and reliable treatment with a degree of 98%, which allows you to reuse treated wastewater from VOC. It can be used to water plants, wash a car, or simply dump it into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation enters the operating mode (when the colony of bacteria multiplies in sufficient numbers). This may take up to 2-3 weeks.

Since everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, you first need to know the following:

GWL - level ground water. GWL is the first underground aquifer from the surface of the earth. It lies above the first water-resistant layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it should also be taken into account that the GWL is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in spring, snow melts, at which GWL increases, while in winter it decreases.
Availability of water protection facilities/zones — a limited regime for the implementation of any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing pollution and clogging.
The area under the septic tank / los - the size of the site that you are ready to give for the organization of wastewater treatment.

IMPORTANT: Bacteria for wastewater treatment in and

Why are they and why do we write about them? Bacteria - bacteria are everywhere and everywhere, but here you can’t do without them. Let's take a closer look at what and how bacteria form in a septic tank or VOC for (all-weather) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also the internal processes. Correct work and conditions for bacteria will ensure the reliable operation of the VOC and the septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the purification stages. Let's get to know them better...

Anaerobic bacteria for and

Waste enters the septic tank, there is a reaction of their decomposition and the formation of bacteria. They form and need a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are airtight and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process with these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply clarification of wastewater.

As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently cleaned and is not industrial water. In order to dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in the case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used / equipped.

Aerobic bacteria for

In they are formed in the aerotank chamber. This is a special reservoir or structure located after the preliminary settling tank, in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pretreated wastewater with activated sludge flows or is pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment takes place. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen. For the vital activity and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists in the separation of natural waste into components. This type of bacteria is the most effective, because it quickly affects biological substances.

Activated sludge organisms require small amounts of dissolved oxygen to function normally. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg / dm³, quite satisfactory - 0.5 mg / dm³ of dissolved oxygen.
The maximum cleaning percentage for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
The maximum percentage of cleaning with aerobic bacteria is 98%.

PRINCIPLE OF WORK or how it works:, or.

Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how the processes and work in the septic tank and /. Effluent through a pipeline or sewer enters the septic tank or. The principles of operation of all cleaning systems consists of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the necessary quality of cleaning and is not recommended by law and regulations for discharge into the ground. First of all, let's analyze the information about the septic tank ...

The septic tank is a "beta" version of the on-site treatment plant. To begin with, how does the process of cleaning in a septic tank.

After the effluent enters the septic tank (reservoir), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to carry out preliminary treatment of wastewater. First of all, sedimentation, fermentation and reproduction of anaerobic bacteria occur. As a result of the first stage, the heavy fractions settle to the bottom, the fat floats up and the effluents are clarified. After preliminary settling and all biological processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
After the first stage, the degree of purification is not enough to be able to safely discharge effluents into the ground. It is not technical and does not meet standards and regulations. Water needs additional treatment, for this event it is necessary to make the outlet of settled effluents for soil post-treatment (field filtration). At this stage, wastewater gets the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This event provides cleaning with a degree of - 90%.

These cycles are several stages of cleaning, which is why the container consists of several parts / compartments. Effluent from the sewer enters the VOC, which mainly consists of 3 parts.

First compartment or pre-sump. It has a mechanical / anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and an autonomous sewer. Similarly - like the first stage in the septic tank. Effluent flows into the second compartment through a system of airlifts or by gravity.
The second compartment or aerotank. A biological / aerobic cleaning method takes place in it. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, as a result, biological decomposition of organic matter occurs. For the formation of beneficial microorganisms, pumps or compressors are used. Effluent flows into the third compartment through a system of airlifts or by gravity.
The third compartment or secondary sump. Here the last stage of cleaning takes place - the remains of organic matter turn into silt and settle to the bottom. Process water with a degree of 98% purification comes out of the secondary chamber. This water suitable for watering the garden or dumping into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

Septic tank - degree of purification 90%
VOC - degree of purification 98%

WHO WHAT? how to choose OR OR

Let's take a closer look at the technical features and purposes for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block, you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence, and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe VOCs.

A storage tank is an ideal option for a small country house in which 2-3 people live, and even then not in all cases, since they do not process wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or summer cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all solutions for the removal of sewage. Given the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal volume of the tank.

Service

There is only one storage tank service and it is quite simple. In order to implement it, it is necessary to call a sewage treatment machine for waste water, and pump out wastewater from the storage tank when it is full.

First of all, a septic tank for a house with a filtration field is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal living. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for country houses(all-season) permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil cleaning (filtration field), taking into account laws and regulations. As well as Low level groundwater, is a major factor in choosing existing options removal of treated wastewater. Minimum groundwater level (min. 1.5 m from drain pipes).

Filter field

The main visual differences between the storage tank and the septic tank are an additional construction of the second stage of cleaning.
The filtration field is an underground system of drainpipes located on a gravel layer on which wastewater is treated. The soil is the recipient of treated wastewater. In the case of a high groundwater level, a pumping station should be installed and the entire treatment plant should be placed higher and installed in an embankment.

At the moment, it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a house, a summer residence or a cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, to install a deep biological treatment station, a fairly small amount of space is required compared to a septic tank or storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank, there is no need to organize filtration fields and other technical solutions. It is only required to divert the treated effluents into the ground, ditch or water body.

Cleaning degree

VOC is a modern facility for wastewater treatment with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be applied and will fit any area - size and conditions. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the release of treated wastewater. Then the filtration fields in the embankment are applied. But these are unique cases that allow organizing the absorption of treated effluents into the soil.

Facilities

Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly match the los for your needs. But it is necessary to properly understand the processes inside the plant, since some deep biological treatment plants require a constant supply of effluent. Therefore, in LOS Delfin everything is implemented by gravity.

For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES:, or.

All systems are designed to treat wastewater after a house or a summer residence, but it is necessary to understand not only the positive side, but also the negative one in order to make the right decision. Below is a table that collects reviews, facts and technical features using any cleaning system. A septic tank for permanent residence, according to its parameters, must fully cope with the expected flow volumes, therefore, when buying, it is necessary to take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary residence it is worth paying attention to inexpensive stations that require minimal financial costs. When it comes to a septic tank for a permanent stay, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.

	Concrete septic tank / storage tank	Plastic
	Frame
Possibility of self-production	Can be DIY	Factory version only	Factory version only.
Equipment tightness	When self-manufactured, it is difficult to seal, especially at high groundwater levels	The hull is sealed, requires anchoring or special devices. Simple design, ensures stable operation of the preliminary cleaning stage. Durable. Environmental Safety.	Sealed body, does not float (always full). All equipment is manufactured at the factory, so the reliability will be higher than that of a self-made design. Durable. Environmental Safety.
	Sewage treatment
Wastewater treatment options	Not	Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators. Limited service life of the filtration field. Fragility and high risk of contamination of soil and groundwater - especially true for cesspools and concrete wells	Autonomous sewerage is small. It is possible to place on absolutely any site and any conditions. Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators, drainage ditch.
Degree of sewage treatment	Degree of cleaning - 60%.	The degree of purification - 90%. An unpleasant odor coming from a storage septic tank, an overflow well or a filtration field. The penetration of sewage (faecal water) into groundwater, and then they often fall into water wells. The need to use special bacteria for maximum environmental friendliness.	High degree of purification - 98%. Thanks to all cleaning technologies, a high degree of cleaning is achieved, which makes it possible to discharge water into a ditch or drainage (technical water, reuse).
Dependence on electricity	No	Energy independence. There are no compressors or pumps in the design of the septic tank. An electrical connection is not required. But a permanent residence is required. Necessary for the flow of all cleaning processes. Without sewage, sewage rotting occurs, which entails unscheduled maintenance of the station.	Energy dependence. Not for all autonomous sewers, this factor is a disadvantage. Depending on the principle and modes of operation of the plant, energy dependence can play a key role in the operating cost of the entire plant. Since automation and compressors with pumps work constantly, the station quickly consumes motor resources, the reliability of the components of the station.
Demanding for the regularity of "replenishment"	Irrelevant	Irrelevant. Bacteria living in a septic tank do not need daily feeding.	It reacts badly to uneven flow of effluents, it is better to use it for permanent residence
Salvo drop	Works great with large volumes	Works great with large volumes. With the correct calculation of the volume, the septic tank is not afraid of the increased salvo discharge of wastewater.	Handles only a certain amount of stock
High groundwater level (GWL)		To ensure the pumping of settled effluents, it is required to use a pumping station, which will affect the final cost of the entire station and become comparable to an autonomous sewage system.	Can be used at high groundwater levels. Organization of KNS or additional modifications.
	OPERATION and SERVICE
Service	Regular pumping with a sewage truck (1-3 times a year). Service as the tank fills up. Limited storage capacity. Constant control of the level of wastewater.	Regular pumping with a sewage truck (1-3 times a year). Convenient for houses with non-permanent residence. Minimum expenses for service and operation. Regular call of sewers (necessary even for septic tanks of the TANK type requiring constant backfilling of anaerobic bacteria) to pump out unprocessed effluents	Minimum service costs. Periodic maintenance by specialists. Many manufacturers seek to reduce the cost of their products requiring systematic intervention. service department manufacturer's company. Compressor maintenance. Convenient and easy operation, without constant attention.
Smell	Unpleasant odors during service. An excellent breeding ground for bacteria and viruses that are dangerous to health.	Silting field filtration. Depending on the use and correct design and installation of the entire station system, the need to re-lay the filtration field occurs on average after 10-15 years, which entails additional costs.	Odorless. All gases exit through ventilation.
	INSTALLATION
Excavation.	Easy installation under the tank.	Area by field filtration. The complexity of installation and a fairly large amount of earthwork. Since soil post-treatment is required, it is necessary to have additional free area for field filtration. Cumbersome and not everywhere possible installation of primitive treatment septic tanks, the need to ensure the access of a sewage truck.	Easy installation. For autonomous sewage, it is not required to organize field filtration (soil post-treatment), which entails an additional amount of excavation work (without restrictions on area and geological conditions).

RATING: Description of the top IMPORT (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence

This article will be a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers / VOCs on the territory of the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewers produced in Russia or in Europe. Despite the fact that there are many different septic tanks on the market today, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, it is also necessary to build on not only the characteristics, but also the manufacturer. Comparing septic tanks for the home with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general you can...

Since at present there are many varieties of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in varieties, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worthwhile to clearly analyze all the nuances and choose it according to technical specifications, the quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.

Delfin

Since 1993 one of the most popular European manufacturers professional equipment for the treatment of any waste water. Joint production with the largest company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.

TOPOL ECO

Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production with. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a hermetic system for the biological treatment of wastewater from the sewer system.

Alta Bio

The Russian manufacturer offers an integrated approach to water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has been a leader in the market.

Tver

Produce stations relatively recently compared to all. But they have good feedback and design features from analogues.

UPONOR

Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewers. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to minimally include their customers in the service.

UNILOS ASTRA

SBM-Group is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewage systems for objects of various types.

EUROBION

In 2005, the group of companies "National Ecological Project" was established. Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.

TANK

External view of VOC and Septic tank

Appearance sometimes in this version can tell a lot. How the station will feel depending on the ground conditions.

VOC PRO from Delfin (Delfin)

LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO

VOC by Alta Bio

LOS Tver

UPONOR

LOS UNILOS ASTRA

LOS EUROBION

TANK

Principle of operation

PROCESS of reliable autonomous sewerage DELFIN PRO6

Premium class means no interruptions, no rotting drains and unscheduled maintenance

1st Camera

Pre-sump

Processes: Effluent accumulation, preliminary treatment and settling of effluents (heavy fraction sedimentation).

2nd Camera

Aerotank + MBBR technology

Processes: Active treatment of wastewater in the water column by aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.

3rd chamber

Secondary clarifier

Processes: Secondary settling of treated effluents before discharge from the station.

The process of deep biological treatment in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO /LOS occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aerotank, secondary settling tank) without stopping the recirculation. This ensures reliable operation in the event of a power outage VOC. European Reliable Autonomous Sewerage PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.

VOC No flooding
Stable work of drains
No unscheduled maintenance

Topas and Principle of operation

- This is a treatment plant built according to a four-chamber scheme. The transfer of purified water from one chamber to another does not occur by gravity, but with the help of an airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. A power outage blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant drawback that outweighs the very deep sewage treatment (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, so the installation requires a connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the supply of electricity is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.

receiving chamber

Waste water enters the receiving chamber. In contrast to the "classical installations" in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator for mixing the drain and saturating it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is switched on when the level of flow in it drops to the operating minimum. Due to this, instead of settling and decaying the sediment, the effluent in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the molecules of organic compounds decompose under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. coarse filter Small particles of impurities mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts wastewater through the pipe and pumps it into the aerotank-reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with a small capacity and, unlike other types of pumps, without high electricity costs and power surges caused by pump start-up. float switch To switch the Topas operating modes, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with sewage, the float rises and the first compressor is turned on. It supplies compressed air to:

When the flow level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float drops and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:

aeration of the receiving chamber,
airlift for pumping sludge from the aeration tank to the stabilizer sump,
airlift removal of fatty film in the secondary clarifier,
aeration in the secondary clarifier.

Aerotank-reactor

The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment by activated sludge microorganisms takes place. Due to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with atmospheric oxygen. In the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles are combined into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds for respiration - nitrates, reducing them to nitrites and further to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification is the removal of nitrates and nitrites.

Secondary clarifier

A chamber shaped like a truncated inverted pyramid and located in the aerotank-reactor. In the sump, sludge is deposited, which returns to the aeration tank through the hole at the bottom. Additionally, a mixture of water and sludge is supplied from the aerotank-reactor to the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This speeds up the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in the upper layer of water and removed to the aerotank by an airlift built into the pyramid. The treated waste water is discharged outside by gravity through the outlet in the unit housing or is collected in a forced discharge tank with a pump installed in it. Dying sludge settles most quickly on the bottom of the aerotank-reactor, which, in the settling phase in the aerotank, is pumped with the help of an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizing sump (G). This is the smallest chamber in which the accumulation and mineralization of sludge takes place. Through the existing hole in the upper part, the clarified sludge water enters the receiving chamber back, thus closing the process of internal circulation. A standard air-lift pump for pumping out sludge is installed in the stabilizer sump. This pump is muffled and the air supplied to it produces agitation of the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; in order to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping is required to be done once a quarter. It is possible to pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (fecal) pump for contaminated water.

The principle of operation of autonomous sewage Alta Bio

At the heart of each autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. It breaks down most organic waste. To date, there are a large number of various autonomous sewers. Alta Group offers a more advanced design, which is a complete water purification system from waste.

Two stages of water purification in Alta Bio autonomous sewerage:

The first stage of wastewater treatment is the sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber sump. The sump (lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which domestic sewage flows flow. The overflows are located in such a way that the wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third - 25% of the total volume of the sump. The total volume of the sump is designed for two days of waste processing.

The second stage of wastewater treatment

Post-treatment in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the sump, clarified wastewater is pumped to the upper part of the station with the help of a drainage pump controlled by an electronic unit and is evenly sprayed through a rotating sprayer over the entire area of the bioload (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, wastewater is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the feed material.

Autonomous sewerage for a private house Alta Bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate normally, but as a normal septic tank. And when the power supply is restored, the station will go into operation.

Brief description and scope of the Alta Bio septic tank

The treatment plant in question is designed for use in private homes or public places with a small number of visitors. It can be used for arranging sewerage in summer cottages, cottages or other types of suburban structures. Often, septic tanks are installed in country cafes, restaurants or eateries.

The design and principle of operation of the septic tank Tver

The tank is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:

septic. This is where the effluent enters in the first place, and it is here that the main processes of sedimentation of insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them pass into the soluble phase and are sent to the next stage of purification;
anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber on the route of wastewater is the aerotank. An aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank, through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Burnt expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float. A biofilm of microorganisms is formed on the claydite loading, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. structural elements chambers (ruffs) and are partially hydrolyzed due to the vital activity of anaerobic microorganisms (yeast) - the process of wastewater fermentation takes place here;
aeration tank. In this chamber there is an aerator, thanks to which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as natural microflora. The oxygen-saturated liquid is sent for further processing;
sump. Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, wastewater passes through a settling chamber, which retains heavy suspensions, which has a positive effect on subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
aerobic bioreactor. Two processes simultaneously take place in this chamber: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that are part of the wastewater, and the limestone located at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds with phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are characterized by high toxicity. In the aerobic bioreactor, as well as in the second chamber, there is a brush load. A layer of biofilm on the load collects and oxidizes organic contaminants remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor there is a layer of dolomite crushed stone, which gradually dissolves in wastewater, which helps to remove phosphates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary sedimentation tank, where the dead biofilm is retained, then the effluents are discharged by gravity to the discharge point.
settler-calmifier. In this chamber, the liquid is additionally clarified by natural precipitation of heavier inclusions, and only after that the water purified by 95-98% leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, floats with chlorine-containing reagents are installed in this chamber, which are responsible for water disinfection.

The septic tank has a small weight and rather thin walls, this cannot be attributed to pluses or minuses. These factors make it easy to install, and the thin walls are made of high quality polypropylene. Under the influence of large loads, they can bend, but do not collapse.

FINNISH SEPTIC Uponor (Uponor)

The WehoPuts onsite treatment plant is a biochemical type treatment plant for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.

Local treatment plant for a country house or cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed to treat wastewater from one household. The model number indicates the number of people living. The calculation uses a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person. Both systems are designed for year-round use.

The line of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products for the complete biochemical treatment of domestic wastewater. Those. after passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil cleaning. The stations are volatile, moreover, their normal functioning requires the use of special floating (precipitating) additives. The principle of operation of such stations is as follows:

effluents flow by gravity into the receiving chamber (sump), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several settling tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious pollution as completely as possible;
further, the effluents enter the process tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of activated sludge is activated (microbiological processes are actively taking place). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped into the receiving chamber;
at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the drains in portions, which contributes to the precipitation of fine suspensions. He is also responsible for the binding of phosphorus compounds;
after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground

Advantages of this system: wastewater is processed in portions, which allows achieving the same treatment quality indicators; containers are strong and durable; products are accompanied by all necessary documents, easy to operate. The disadvantages can be considered the overpriced cost of Uponor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.

LOS Uponor BioClean is one of the innovative solutions from the Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private homes and on summer cottages. Complies with all sanitary requirements. It consists of a single container in which the following processes take place:

preliminary processes of rough wastewater treatment take place in the sump;
in the next tank, the effluents are aerated, the inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
then a floating reagent is added to the drains (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
treated effluent is pumped to a sampling well

Astra Unilos. This is a well-known treatment plant for cleaning the sewerage of a cottage, a private house or a whole group of houses. Given the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often discount for the purchase of one powerful installation, which is mounted with the expectation of several families. Of the advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Among the disadvantages: relatively slow operation, high price. The body of the septic tank is divided into four sections: the receiving compartment, the aeration tank, the settling section and the system for discharging treated water into the external environment. The septic tank comes with pumps and ventilation systems that are required to move water from one section to another and to aerate wastewater.

Receiving chamber or surge tank

Untreated wastewater through the sewer line (1,2) enters the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where they are prepared - crushed and partially oxidized due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air that occurs during the operation of the air installed in a special compartment (I). compressor. Then, uniformly mixed effluents through a coarse filter, which prevents large mechanical and non-decomposable contaminants from passing further, are pumped by the main pump into the aerotank chamber (B).

Aerotank

It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the airlift (or mamut-pump) principle, where pumping is carried out by supplying air to a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. consisting of different types of microorganisms, which in the process of life decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the process of aeration in the aerotank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.

Secondary clarifier

After the aeration tank, the mixture of treated effluents and activated sludge enters the next chamber - the secondary settling tank (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the action of gravity, and the clarified treated effluents, which are technically pure water, enter the outlet of the station (3). Between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary clarifier, a grease film trap (grease trap) is installed, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary clarifier back to the aeration tank for further processing.

Sludge stabilizer

The sludge settled on the common bottom of the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank is pumped out to the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until it is removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber, depending on the level of effluents in the latter.

Eurobion working principle

The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms to use wastewater pollutants as food in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen. Below is the technological scheme of the Eurobion deep biological treatment plant.

Reception aerotank

Effluent flows through the inlet sewer pipe (1) to the receiving aerotank (2) in which, with the help of the aeration element "POLIATR" (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturating the wastewater with atmospheric oxygen takes place - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge - the biomass of microorganisms that process pollution.

Primary aerobic clarifier

Partially treated effluents pass through two openings in the intermediate bottom (4) and enter the upper zone of the primary aerobic clarifier (5). This zone is characterized by an increased concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, the denitrification process is intensively going on, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen. Further, the effluents, as they move down, fall into the zone of aerobic sediment, where the processes of autoxidation and decomposition of hard-to-recycle pollutants take place. Part of the activated sludge flows through the overflow (6) into the lower part of the secondary sedimentation tank (10).

Secondary clarifier

The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary clarifier and is returned to the aeration zone by the recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological treatment is achieved. The biofilm that is formed during the purification process in the secondary clarifier enters the biofilm degasser (14) and under the action of bubbling is destroyed in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). The clarified effluent enters the tertiary clarifier installed directly in front of the AEROSPLOW (12) outlet dispenser, the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of the treated effluent to the outlet of the installation. Purified wastewater up to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the plant, or enters a storage tank and is pumped out from there by a drainage pump, in case of forced execution of the station.

AU BIOTANK

This series has proven to be absolutely unpretentious in operation and in practice maintenance free station for deep biological wastewater treatment. Does not require post-treatment in the ground. Advantages of this system: no post-treatment fields, no complex electronics, no problems in operation, quick access to the regime, not afraid of a temporary power outage, pure odorless water at the outlet.

The most modern station for deep biological treatment BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is available in four modifications.

Firstly, the separation of septic tanks follows the shape of the hull, vertical and horizontal. Vertical BIOTANK is designed for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, a horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank for any volume and productivity, is installed where there is no restriction on the area of the pit.

For each of the two cases, modifications are also provided. with gravity water ejection, as well as with forced reset on the relief with a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF and ETC.

For the manufacture of the case, modern polymeric material is used. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by casting is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first, as in other septic tanks, performs the function of a receiver and a sump to separate undissolved inclusions. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic type nitrifier having a floating load covered with biofilm. In this compartment, the main purification process takes place, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic inclusions and ammonium nitrogen. To ensure the flow of chemical reactions, air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber performs the functions of an additional sump, in which the medium is separated, the water is freed from residues that have formed during the purification process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which functions on the principle of a separator. Pure water(98% purified) is output.

ATTENTION THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS in 2018

Requiring accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of cleaning if there are more or less users, but not all autonomous sewers have an accurate calculation.
When electricity is cut off, most stations, due to their design features, lose the ability to continue cleaning and the degree of overall wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
The design of many autonomous sewers requires frequent and periodic service, repair and replacement. constituent parts stations.
A long break in the use of the station is not allowed if it is not equipped with automatic circulation of sewage and activated sludge.
The dimensions of the receiving chambers in some autonomous sewers are not designed for large household waste. Also, a volley discharge (draining the bath and simultaneous use of the entire sewage system) can disrupt the processes in the preliminary settling tank, which will lead to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. volume poorly copes with large household waste and with volley discharge.
Fully automatic station control with alarm system → very low power consumption
Simple and fast installation
Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of autonomous sewage DELFIN for many years.

Basic parameters when choosing

Because all permanent residences are designed and built to treat wastewater, we need the hard facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It will not be so easy, because each station has its own zest. And how it has a positive effect, we will tell a little later. We compare the parameters and properties of deep biological treatment plants so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or loss with a big guarantee is the key to quality and your peace of mind.

insensitivity to chemicals, hair and small debris

Oddly enough, there are also stations at which there is a direct restriction on discharge into an autonomous sewer. It is clear that the station is not a trash can, but we will still take into account how these problems are solved. In some, they are completely excluded in order to be as comparable as possible with the central sewer, but in others, unfortunately, having design limitations, this problem has not been solved. Below is a brief comparison and description of how the problem was solved.

location of the controller

The stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many environmental factors. Ambient temperature, its abrupt changes, humidity create a dew point, which can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their working conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials are especially dependent on environmental conditions, without which no electrical device can do. Under the influence of climate and even weather changes, these materials can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of adverse environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account when designing, installing and operating electrical installations.

The energy consumption of an autonomous sewer depends on

Working mode
Power of instruments and equipment

guarantee

When buying a product or receiving any service, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. You need to be careful not to make mistakes in marketing moves, such as a service life of more than 1000 years, when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this rubric we would like to simply rank the companies in descending order according to the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: to repair and replace parts free of charge. This option guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:

breaking
poor quality material
defective parts, etc.

Regarding autonomous sewage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, brushes, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.

When a residential building is being built, then sewage is planned, as a rule, independent. Previously, a cesspool was used for all sewage, today an autonomous septic tank for a private house has become popular. These are innovative designs for wastewater treatment, which are an air-tight vessel, usually divided into several chambers.

In this device, household drains are first settled, then they are processed by special microorganisms, and then the drains are filtered. Huge selection bio cleaners raises pressing questions for consumers, which is the best septic tank for summer cottages with periodic rest, and which utilizer is more suitable for a permanent home? Buy a ready-made unit or make a cleaner yourself? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

The principle of operation of modern utilizers

Bioseptics are a local installation, which is a system of an autonomous sewer system of a private house. This treatment plant is installed in those areas where it is impossible to connect to the central sewer, that is, near country houses of non-permanent residence and country houses.

It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station next to a river or pond.

To choose the best bio septic tank, you need to understand the principle of operation of this design, which will help you pay attention to the appropriate parameters when choosing a tank. So let's see how this design works:

Waste water by sewer pipes fall into the first chamber, where they defend. Heavy impurities settle to the bottom, while light fractions and fats remain at the top.
Then, after the primary settling, the wastewater enters the second section, in which the process of purification from organic matter continues with the involvement of bio-bacteria.
In the third chamber, wastewater is finally settled and purified. After that, they go down to the filtration field, and fall into the ground, where the liquid is filtered and completely cleaned of impurities.

When answering the question of which septic tank to choose for a house of permanent or temporary residence, experts advise paying attention to utilizers that are equipped with a deep biological filter. Autonomous purification stations of this type carry out complete water purification, freeing from the need to build filtration fields.

What are the types of septic tanks?

There are many types of local septic tanks that can be used to treat the effluents of a private house: from the simplest do-it-yourself structures to autonomous installations that allow you to purify wastewater to almost 100%.

Treatment plants are classified according to different criteria:

by the number of wells: one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks;
according to the material of manufacture: steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass;
on design features: volatile and non-volatile.

Also, bio cleaners are classified into three types, depending on the set of implemented functions:

Cumulative. Such a utilizer consists of one chamber or two communicating wells. Effluent in a sealed vessel is divided into liquid and solid fractions, then the organic matter is split, and the liquid is settled. So that the tanks do not overflow, the waste is periodically pumped out (1-2 times a year). This type of septic tank is suitable for a country house, where they rest only on weekends.
Settler with a compartment for soil purification. This purifier is divided into several infiltrators - chambers without a bottom, which act as filtration fields. Inside the aeration areas there is bio-activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of sewage. This type of septic tank is suitable for a seasonal residential building, for example, from May to October. Cleaning is necessary once every 2-3 years.
Station for deep purification of sewage masses. This is a tank with three chambers, in which sewage decomposes in stages. First, solids settle, then the liquid with organic suspensions is biorecycled. Top Models septic tanks of this type are equipped with a compressor. Installation is expensive but effective. Ideal for a private permanent home. Pumping out will be required no earlier than after 5 years.

To closed sewer system worked more actively, it is recommended to equip an anaerobic septic tank for it, which implies the settlement of special bacteria in the primary treatment chamber. These microorganisms feed on organic matter and do not need oxygen. This measure will accelerate the disinfection and dissolution of waste.

If you remove the ventilation pipe from the post-treatment chamber or connect an air compressor, then you will get another aerobic septic tank. To do this, it is necessary to add special microorganisms to it, which process organic substances with the access of oxygen.

Biological decomposition of sewage by one or another type of microorganisms makes it possible to purify waste to the state of process water.

What to look for when choosing?

To solve the problem of which bio septic tanks are better to choose for a private house, it is necessary to consider the problem from several positions:

First, you need to decide whether to make a sump yourself or purchase a ready-made tank. In the first case, the structure is built of brick, concrete rings or auto tires. However, such a cleaner is only acceptable for a house with seasonal or periodic residence. For long and safe use, it is better to choose a factory model, even the cheapest one, since the purchased version complies with all environmental and sanitary standards.

At the same time, it is not advisable to purchase the most expensive treatment plants, which allow you to drain purified water directly into a reservoir, for private use, but for several households it is not so expensive. For individual use, it is better to choose a two-capacity utilizer. The first compartment collects sewage and performs their primary purification, and the second one filters the liquid and drains it into the ground, and not into water bodies.

Secondly, it is necessary to choose the material for the manufacture of the tank. This criterion affects the service life of the vessel. So, for the manufacture of cleaning stations use:

ZHB rings. High-quality reinforced concrete rings are not subject to corrosion for a long time, have a large margin of safety, but their installation requires the involvement of special equipment.
Plastic. Reservoirs made of various polymers are light in weight and low in price. However, this design is very unstable, and during installation the vessel must be kept upright at all times. In addition, plastic is damaged by rodents and frost.
Metal. Septic tanks made of this material have the greatest strength, as well as affordable cost. However, the metal is easily corroded, so the tank must be waterproofed, both inside and out. In addition, the installation of a metal sump is impossible without special equipment.
Fiberglass. The most durable and practical utilizers are made from this material, since they have chemical neutrality, as well as other positive qualities: strength, lightness, resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Thirdly, you need to consider the type of soil on the site. Recommendations for specific conditions:

for sandy soil, it is better to install a utilizer with a biological treatment function, as a result of which the water immediately merges into the sand. The filtration field is recommended to be placed higher;
in clay soil, in addition to bacterial purification, wastewater must overcome the sand filter. Then the purified liquid is poured directly onto the ground;
in case of high deposit line surface water, the best solution would be a polymer tank with a bio-cleaning function. In this case, the septic tank must be weighted or securely fixed.

How to choose the volume and size of the wastewater purifier?

The capacity of the effluent utilizer is calculated based on the average daily rate sewage sewage per person (bath or shower, toilet bowl, sink - about 200 liters), the number of people living in the house and a three-day supply. If the family consists of four people, then the required volume of the septic tank is calculated using the following formula:

200*4 people*3 days = 2400 liters

If guests often come to a country cottage, then the result is increased by 2/3:

2400 * 1.66 \u003d 3900 liters.

The optimal depth of the septic tank is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the final result of the required cubic capacity, according to the table, a tank model is selected:

In this case, the depth of groundwater is important. For a single chamber model, groundwater must be below the bottom of the tank. For a two-chamber version, they must pass 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter). If the groundwater is at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip filtration fields for a three-chamber reservoir, especially on waterproof clay soils.

Tips for choosing a cottage with occasional residence

If households visit the home on weekends and use a minimum of plumbing equipment, then a multi-section septic tank is not needed. Summer residents, as a rule, prefer low-performance, inexpensive, single-chamber utilizers. Unlike a cesspool, crushed stone and sandy layers-filters are poured into such drives, which provide 50% purification.

Experts recommend that it is better to choose a compact two-section mini-septic tank with settling and infiltration chambers. If the volume of drained sewage does not exceed the passport norms, then such a design perfectly fulfills the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a small storage septic tank for a country house, you should familiarize yourself with its features:

mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, which is populated with anaerobic biomaterial;
after the processing of organic waste, the water settles and is purified in the well, after which it enters the soil;
storage septic tanks are made of reinforced polymer, which is resistant to temperature extremes;
compact containers are easy to transport on a regular car, and they will not cause trouble with unloading;
You can install such a utilizer alone, but it is better to do it together.

Recommendations for selection for a permanent residence

For the average family that permanently resides in country house, the best option would be a sump with two or three sections, which is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage tank and a septic tank-filter. The first two containers (settlers) are sealed, and the third one is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it, which additionally filter the liquid before descending into the soil.

If the utilizer is filled, then it is pumped out by special sewage services, bio components and filters of the septic tank must be changed every 3-5 years. The multi-chamber sump purifies sewage up to 95%.

Which unit to choose for a house with permanent residence, so that the drains are as clean as possible, and pumping out as little as possible?

A good option in the presence of a high boundary for the passage of groundwater would be a multi-chamber utilizer with a biofilter. This factory. The model, manufactured in an industrial way, consists of 4 sections:

sump;
an anaerobic chamber for the decomposition of large waste;
separator with a filter with bacteria;
aerobic septic tank (similar to the drainage field).

The best choice would be a septic tank with a drainage field that combines several wells and a filtration zone. Such a complex requires an area of not 30 m2. At the same time, the minimum distance between the sump and the house is also at least 30 m.

Rating of septic tanks for a country house

It is enough to go to a specialized store and see the variety of septic tanks that it offers, and the consumer will face the problem of choice. the best option. Therefore, we invite you to study the ranking of the best non-volatile and volatile wastewater purifiers, which is compiled in accordance with expert opinion, analysis of sales volume and customer reviews.

TOP 3 non-volatile septic tanks:

Such tanks work without electricity and are suitable, first of all, for country houses with non-permanent residence.

Tank. A simple septic tank that works on the principle pre-cleaning wastewater by settling, biodegradation and subsequent distribution of treated water into the ground. This unit is made of durable polymer with stiffeners, which contributes to resistance to increased loads in summer and winter period s. Approximate service life is about 50 years. Periodic cleaning is carried out every 3-4 years and pumping out to a third of the capacity once a year.
Triton. This utilizer is equipped with three chambers that implement the process of removing fractions from the liquid, as well as the anaerobic decomposition of biomaterial, followed by the supply of purified waste water to the filtration site. There are models from 2 to 40 m3. When installing, it requires weighting for secure fixation. Service life 45-50 years. Annual cleaning required.
BARS-Bio. Optimal choice, both for periodic and permanent residence in a private house with the possibility of creating a filtration field. In such a unit, the waste masses pass through three chambers and two biofilters that do not require maintenance. Provides a high degree of sewage treatment, which reduces the cost of reconstruction of drainage fields. Service life - more than 50 years. Requires cleaning every 5 years.

TOP 3 volatile septic tanks:

These devices require a constant connection to electricity and oxygen supply to microorganisms, so they are better suited for cottages with permanent residence. These are real deep sewage treatment plants with a high degree of efficiency.

Tver. This design provides complex wastewater treatment through a multi-chamber system for receiving and treating large volumes using various bioadditives and reagents. This septic tank is suitable for installation in any soil, even in peat with an aggressive environment. The durable plastic tank resists corrosion, providing a service life of up to 60 years. Cleansing - every 3-4 years.
Leader. The unit of six chambers provides complex purification of waste masses without the use of special bioactivators. Allows you to organize an ecological drain to any place (well, ditch, pond) due to the complete cleaning of sewage using anaerobic bacteria, polymer fishing line imitating algae, aeration tanks, activated sludge, alkaline environment. The service life is 55-60 years. Pumping - once every 5 years.
Ecopan. Another multi-chamber device made of airtight plastic. Available in two versions: for normal soils or for high-passing groundwater. The two-layer design of the septic tank prevents the destructive effect of any soil. Completely environmentally friendly, provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. Service life - up to 50 years. Requires cleaning every 3-5 years.

All listed models autonomous septic tanks for private houses have adequately proven themselves in the field of wastewater treatment, have a well-thought-out design with a large margin of safety. Therefore, you just have to choose the required volume.

It is enough to look at any catalog of an online store that offers septic tanks for a country house or a summer residence, and you have to deal with challenging task choice. In fact, along with dealers in this area, there are enterprises that have only recently entered the market, or successful manufacturers that have been operating for a long time and have won success, but decided to develop a new direction of their activity. Therefore, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with what septic tanks are for summer cottages and compare them so that you decide which one is better.

Septic tanks for summer cottages: which one is better? What to consider when choosing them?

The model range of septic tanks is quite wide, which allows you to choose the best septic tank for giving, which will meet individual requirements. When choosing such a cleaning system for a country house, cottage or cottage, you need to consider the following factors:

The number of permanent residents (consider possible guests).
The number of sanitary points (showers, toilets, jacuzzis, bathtubs, sinks) and household appliances (dishwashers and washing machines), the volume of their effluents.
Groundwater depth.
Soil type on the site.
Discharge option for treated water (gravity or forced).

How is the installation of a septic tank in the country:

Pit preparation.

Arrangement of supply trenches for pipes and wires.

Installing a septic tank in the pit and sanding around.

Filling the chambers of the septic tank with water.

The pipe crashes, the power supply is connected.

Start-up and adjustment works are being carried out.

The outer part of the septic tank is being prepared, taking into account the peculiarities of landscape design on the territory.

The principle of operation of septic tanks

A septic tank is a facility that is used to treat sewage. The scheme of its device implies the presence of a multi-chamber system. Wastewater enters the first tank (sump) through a pipeline from the house. Bacterial decomposition of sewage takes place in it. In some devices, usually industrial production, facilities are installed here that are responsible for filtering contaminated water.

The decomposition of wastewater occurs under the influence of anaerobic or anoxic bacteria. They convert the liquid entering the sump into clarified water, gas and mineral insoluble sludge or sediment.

All anaerobic septic tanks include several chambers. In the first, wastewater is cleaned, as well as partial filtration. In the second and in all others, the purification process continues.

The formed gas as a result of the decomposition of wastewater is discharged through the ventilation pipe, and the water goes into the overflow hole in the second tank. In this case, anaerobic bacteria do not stop cleaning the drains. Further, the clarified water enters the next tank or is fed to the filtration fields. After soil filtration, the liquid is absorbed into the soil. This structure belongs to anaerobic type systems or non-volatile septic tanks.

There is also a variety of devices that require electricity to operate. These are aerobic septic tanks with biological treatment. In such devices, wastewater treatment is carried out by aerobic microorganisms that simply cannot exist without oxygen. For this reason, the compressor automatically turns on after a certain time, supplies air into the tanks. The process of decomposition of wastewater in these plants is very fast. The level of purification of polluted waters is 98%.

The principle of operation of an aerobic septic tank requires a constant flow of oxygen, since the bacteria contained in the activated sludge die and the cleaning stops.

One of the most common structures is a storage septic tank. It is a single-chamber hermetic device used to accumulate wastewater, as a result of which it is pumped out using a sewage truck. Additionally, the tank is equipped with a filling level sensor. This option is the best for those who often appear in a country house, and for various reasons it is impossible to equip effective plot wastewater treatment.

Septic tanks for summer cottages: which one is better?

Energy independent septic tanks.

Models that work without electricity and are not tied to the presence of electrical networks are suitable for small country houses. In a remote area and garden partnerships, there is a possibility of a power outage for a sufficiently long period, so you should decide in advance on the equipment for small country houses. In remote areas and garden partnerships, there is a risk of power failure for a sufficiently long period, so it is worth choosing equipment for sewage in advance.

Of course, users have a question whether a septic tank is needed at all in the country, if it is possible to equip cesspool. We will not convince the owners of dachas, but simply remind them of aesthetics, sanitary requirements and basic amenities. We offer you to get acquainted with the best non-volatile septic tanks.

"Tank".

Septic tank "Tank" is made of high-strength plastic having a thickness of 10 to 17 mm with stiffeners. The design itself provides resistance to high loads, which are formed under ground pressure in summer and winter. The estimated service life of the product is at least five to ten years, subject to the operating conditions. A conventional septic tank works on the principle of wastewater treatment by settling or further biological decomposition of the material with a high-performance biofilter. The infiltrator is responsible for the distribution of purified water that enters the ground.

The unique shape of the body protects the design of the septic tank from being squeezed out by the soil, and the possibility of equipping it with a high neck allows you to place them at the required depth. A special design, including block modules, allows you to collect almost any volume of a septic tank, and overflow pipes act as connections.

The operating conditions of a septic tank imply its periodic cleaning of accumulated solid residue. With proper operation of the equipment and the use of bacterial colonies, the tank is cleaned every four to five years. But it is recommended to do this at least once a year. In the case of periodic use of a septic tank, for the winter, when it is not supposed to clean sewage for sewage, approximately a third of the water is removed from the tank.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Tank"

The price of a septic tank "Tank"

It is worth noting that the price of this septic tank is more than affordable for many owners of private housing. This is one of the main advantages that causes a huge interest in the products. The price largely depends on its volume and therefore increases with the increase in capacity.

Reviews about the septic tank "Tank" for giving

Alexander

“The septic tank filters perfectly, there are no comments. There were no problems with its installation, since everything is described in detail in the instructions. Convenient, environmentally friendly, economical. I leave positive feedback.

“I studied a lot of reviews, the opinions of customers differ, but, as a rule, negative emotions arise only because of the improper installation and operation of this septic tank.”

“The septic tank does not consume electricity and works completely autonomously, but I would not take a very large volume, as unfavorable conditions for the development of bacteria can form.”

“Two years ago we installed a Tank-1 septic tank, from which we use water to irrigate the garden. It is very convenient, since there is no source of water on our site, including a technical one.”

"Triton".

Three chambers that are responsible for the implementation of the process of removing various suspensions from polluted water, anaerobic decomposition of biological material, as well as supplying treated effluents to a special filtration site. This septic tank is produced in several versions, which makes it possible to choose between models with a volume of 2 to 40 m 3.

Once a year, or in case of intensive use twice a year, it is worth cleaning the container of accumulated solid sediment. Lifetime plastic container- Approximately 50 years. When installing equipment, it is necessary to provide an "anchor", a monolithic concrete surface or a concrete slab that provides good retention of the septic tank at the required level.

For small baths and country houses, it is better to use the Triton-mini models, which are compact septic tanks for the summer, designed to receive wastewater of small volumes.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Triton"

The price of the septic tank "Triton"

Despite the low cost, treatment plants are popular both for small cottages and for country cottages for permanent residence. The septic tank provides the necessary level of wastewater treatment.

Reviews of the septic tank "Triton"

“The summer before last, I installed a Triton N-1 septic tank at my dacha. Works perfectly, fully copes with the declared function.

“Easy installation, low cost, simple maintenance. The quality and cost are fully justified. My parents installed this septic tank last summer and were very pleased. The first cleaning went quickly, without unpleasant odors.”

“I installed this septic tank for my parents at the dacha in the village. Used for three years, father is happy. A great option for giving, where there is a small amount of drain water.

"At correct installation, with a Triton septic tank, neither severe frosts nor other typical problems are terrible. Two years have passed since the installation of the septic tank, everyone is happy. The guests who came to our dacha also seriously thought about installing such a septic tank.”

"Aqua-bio".

The septic tank is for summer cottage, where you can create a filtration field or another type of soil post-treatment of water discharged from the tank. A simple septic tank system consists of passing contaminated water through 5 chambers. Initially, solid suspensions are deposited in 3 compartments of the tank, then in the remaining 2 chambers, processes of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter occur due to the development of anaerobic colonies on the surface of a special load.

The main advantages of this septic tank are a large number of chambers, which increases the efficiency of wastewater treatment. As a result, you will not need to reconstruct the filtration fields, which will be clean for a long time, which means you will not face additional costs during the operation of the septic tank. The tightness of the durable plastic housing eliminates the possibility of contaminated wastewater entering the soil.

Performance different models can vary in the range from 600 to 1300 liters per day. It is from this indicator that the price of a septic tank for a summer residence depends. A simple calculation allows you to decide on the most suitable model, but do not forget that such a septic tank is not suitable for an area where there is a high level of groundwater.

Models of the septic tank "Aqua-bio" differ from each other in performance and volume. Today containers are produced with a volume of: 3600, 3000, 2500, 2000 liters. Accordingly, with the productivity of l / day: 1300, 1100, 900, 700.

Prices for the septic tank "Aqua-bio"

If we talk about the cost of the Aqua septic tank, then, in comparison with similar solutions, such facilities cannot be classified as budget ones. You can verify this by carefully studying the table below.

Reviews about the septic tank "Aqua-bio"

“Not disappointed, works reliably and stably. V hard frost once "grabbed" with ice by three centimeters. I had to resort to insulating covers.

“I ordered, completed the installation and have been operating for several years now. Everything is fine, I can say with confidence that he is not afraid of even severe frosts.

“I did a thorough installation, we wintered well, I leave a positive review and recommend this septic tank for a summer residence.”

Energy dependent septic tanks.

They need a constant connection to electricity, they can work on the principle of forced oxygen supply to the batteries, namely aerobic wastewater treatment. These models of septic tank are a real deep cleaning station, allowing you to bring to the required level when the drain can be directed to storm sewers, reservoirs and ditches without any risk of disturbing the ecological balance. Among domestic septic tanks, it is worth highlighting the five most common models.

"Tver".

Such a septic tank belongs to local treatment facilities, where wastewater treatment takes place in a complex manner. The device uses several different technologies at the same time, which are combined into a single system and provide excellent results when using a small area of land.

It should be noted right away that such a solution is volatile and adapted for use in houses intended for permanent residence. But it is also great for giving, if simple conservation rules are followed.

The equipment contains a multi-chamber container and high-quality plastic. The first chamber acts as a sump that holds most of the sparingly soluble inclusions. Some of them will sink to the bottom, while the rest will float on the surface. Anaerobic decomposition processes take place here, continuing in the second chamber on biofilters. Then comes the chamber-aerotank, where the water is saturated with oxygen. This activates aerobic water purification by microorganisms. The liquid is further purified in several chambers, where it flows by gravity. In one of them there is a limestone load, where it is associated with harmful decomposition products, namely nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.

The addition of chlorine-containing reagents can increase the efficiency of water disinfection.

Models are installed on different types soil, even if the dacha is located on former peat mines, which are characterized by an increased aggressive environment. Durable plastic does not corrode, and an additional “anchor” pre-installed in the pit will not allow the tank to “float”.

home distinguishing feature septic tank "Tver" - receiving a large volume of wastewater. Therefore, if you need to drain the bath, then he will cope with this task without deteriorating the quality of the water at the outlet and without the release of untreated effluents.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Tver"

Reviews and price of the septic tank "Tver"

If you look at all the reviews about this product, you can come to the same conclusion: in most cases, such a treatment plant fully satisfies the needs of every modern person. There were no complaints about difficulty during operation or cleaning. One cannot but rejoice that this septic tank is a development of our specialists. At the same time, the price for it is affordable, as you can see by examining the information in our table.

Model name	Dimensions L×W×H, mm	Productivity, m 3 per day	Weight, kg	approximate price
0.75P	2250×850×1670	0,75	120	67500 rub.
0.75PN	2600×850×1670	0,75	140	77000 rub.
0.75PM	2250×850×1970	0,75		78000 rub.
0.75PNM	2600×850×1970	0,75	170	88000 rub.
1P	2500×1100×1670	1	150	86000 rub.
1PN	3050×1100×1670	1	180	96000 rub.
1RM	2500×1100×1970	1
1PNM	3000×1100×1970	1	210	100000 rub.
1.5P	3500×1100×1670	1,5	250	107500 rub.
1.5PN	3850×1100×1670	1,5	280	119000 rub.
1.5PM	3500×1100×1970	1,5	280	119000 rub.
1.5PNM	3850×1100×1970	1,5	310	128000 rub.

"Leader".

These septic tanks use electricity to remove sediment from septic tanks and to run an aerator that saturates the water with oxygen for the development of aerobic microorganisms that eat organic matter. As you can see, this is a volatile solution. Due to the integrated approach and the presence of six chambers, the process requires the use of special biological additives, and the system is highly resistant to temporary overloads due to wastewater pollution.

Wastewater treatment is carried out according to the principle that the discharge can be carried out in a convenient place: ditches, a reservoir or a drain well. As you can see, there are no violations of the norms for the discharge of pollutants, full consistency with the ecology of the surrounding nature.

Local wastewater treatment occurs according to the principle of passing through all the stages of the tank with pumping out the activated sludge that has accumulated. The first chamber is used for the mechanical stage of purification - primary water clarification and sedimentation of suspended particles. The manufacturer indicates that the efficiency of this chamber is 2/3 of mineral contamination.

As for the second stage, a bioreactor is used here, in which anaerobic bacteria initiate fermentation (the conversion of difficult-to-oxidize substances into simple ones for the oxidation process). Moreover, bacteria develop on a polymer fishing line that imitates algae. In the subsequent blocks of the septic tank, namely in the third, fourth and fifth, wastewater is purified by aerobic bacteria. For them, all the conditions for life are provided, which are created with the help of two aerotanks with aerators.

The bacteria themselves multiply on the porous material, form entire colonies, turning into activated sludge. As a result of the victorious battle with drains, the last stage of the septic tank emerges. Here, phosphates are neutralized in an alkaline environment.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Leader"

The price of a septic tank Leader

The cost of a septic tank with a turnkey installation directly depends on its dimensions, power, weight, as well as connection to the sewer. Also, septic tanks differ in price, which depends on the chosen model of the cleaning device.

Nowadays, the price of a Leader septic tank may differ, so below we will understand not just price category, but also in different models of a septic tank.

"Poplar".

The design of this septic tank allows it to be used in the following temperature range - from -30 to +40 0С. It works on the principle of sewer water passing through four compartments (aerators are installed in two of them). Regular supply of oxygen to the contents has a positive effect on the development of bacteria that are responsible for the decomposition of the biomaterial. The necessary oxygen pressure is provided by compressors, and the process of fluid circulation between different compartments is carried out by airlifts.

When human waste is decomposed by bacteria, the wastewater enters the sump, where activated sludge is deposited, and the liquid is sent through the filter to the collection system. All pumps are located in a sealed compartment, as a result of which the ingress of moisture on the contacts is completely excluded and reliable protection of the equipment is provided.

The body of the septic tank is made of polymers that do not corrode, and the average life of a septic tank is approximately 50 years. As for deposits, they are removed independently or with the help of a sewage machine.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Poplar"

Septic tank "Poplar": reviews and prices

If installation work are carried out in strict accordance with all requirements, then there will be no questions during the operation of the Topol septic tank. We got acquainted with the numerous reviews on the operation of this treatment plant, which we could find on the Internet, and came to the following conclusion: the reviews are mostly positive, without harsh criticism of the septic tank and its characteristics. The main thing is to choose the installation that is appropriate in terms of performance and carry out its correct installation.

If we talk about prices, they are competitive, not cheaper and not more expensive than other options. Of course, they grow as the capacity and capacity increase. In the table below, you will be able to get acquainted with the average cost of the Topol installation of various capacities.

Model	Price in rubles.	Electricity consumption, kW/day	Maximum one-time discharge in liters	Daily processing, m 3 / day	Number of conditional users
"Poplar 3"	70000 rub.	0,9	170	0,65	1-3
Topol 3 PR	76000 rub.	1,2	170	0,65	1-3
"Topol 5"	80900 rub.	1,5	250	1,1	up to 5
Topol 5 PR	87900 rub.	1,2 / 1,5	250	1,1	up to 5
Poplar 5 Long	103500 rub.	1,5	250	1,1	up to 5
"Topol 5 Long PR"	110800 rub.	1,5	250	1,1	up to 5
"Topol 8"	99800 rub.	1,6 / 1,9	470	1,9	6-8
Topol 8 PR	119000 rub.	1,6 / 1,9	470	1,9	6-8
Poplar 8 Long	115500 rub.	1,6 / 1,9	470	1,9	6-8
Poplar 8 Long PR	120900 rub.	1,6 / 1,9	470	1,9	6-8
"Topol 10"	125000 rub.	2,3 / 2,6	790	3,3	9-10
Poplar 10 PR	135000 rub.	2,3 / 2,6	790	3,3	9-10
"Poplar 10 Long"	144000 rub.	2,3 / 2,6	790	3,3	9-10
"Topol 10 Long PR"	153000 rub.	2,3 / 2,6	790	3,3	9-10

"Topas".

In the Topas septic tank, sewage water treatment is carried out in several directions: the process of decomposition of organic materials, the reduction of wastewater salinity, as well as the removal of mechanical impurities. The principle of operation of such a septic tank cannot be considered innovative, but be that as it may, it provides purified water (98%) that you can use for irrigation.

The first stage of cleaning is carried out in the receiving stone, in which mechanical impurities are deposited. Then the airlift pumps partially purified water into the aeration tank to resolve organic compounds as a result of the vital activity of bacteria (their colonies are in activated sludge). Silt suspensions coming with water have a deeper cleaning, which are deposited in the next compartment. The fully purified water will then be removed from the system and the sludge returned for later use.

Service maintenance of equipment occurs when checking the operation of the compressor and diagnosing a septic tank.

Table of characteristics "Topas"

Model name

Calculated for the number of people

Dimensions, mm

Ecopan.

The Ecopan septic tank has been designed for use on heaving soils with a high clay content. The destructive effects of the soil are compensated by the two-layer design of the septic tank with a huge number of internal partitions between the first polymer layers. For light soils, it is better to use Ecopan L series. It is resistant to various mechanical damage, as it has a wall thickness of up to 8 mm.

A phased cleaning process is carried out by six sections of the septic tank. In the first compartment, heavy and light suspensions are deposited, which differ in terms of accumulation through the hatch provided by the manufacturers. Then follows the aerobic process, which is carried out inside the next compartment. Ruff loading guarantees the rapid development of bacteria that decompose organic compounds. In the next chamber, oxygen is supplied to oxidize with a compress and deepen the decomposition process.

Suspensions are settled and mixtures are settled in the next compartment, from where the sediment is pumped to the first chamber for subsequent removal. To treat wastewater to the required values, the penultimate compartment is used, in which colonies of organisms on a ruff load bring the decomposition of biomaterials, and limestone ensures a normal pH of the environment. Purified water from the last chamber is discharged from the system by gravity or by means of a pump.

Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Ecopan"

The price of the septic tank "Ecopan"

Septic tanks for giving "Ecopan" are not too expensive - their prices are comparable to the cost of similar VOCs. Below we provide a table with the cost of the most popular models of local septic tanks.

Model of the septic tank "Ecopan"	Average price in rubles
L-2	63000
T-2	78000
L-2D	70000
T-2D	86000
L-3	70500
T-3	85000
L-3D	81000
T-3D	95000
L-5	90000
T-5	108000
L-5D	100000
T-5D	119000
L-7	116000
T-7	140000
L-7D	130000
T-7D	140000

It is the most popular brand today. The unit is made of high-strength plastic, 15-16 cm thick, the design is characterized by high strength and is designed to withstand increased loads, which is especially important when pressure is unstable in winter and summer. With proper operation, the equipment will work properly for more than 50 years.

The mechanism of operation of the septic tank consists in the phased cleaning of the sewer by settling and subsequent decomposition of the components with a biological filter with high productivity. The infiltrator allows you to properly distribute purified water in the soil.

Has a number of advantages:

autonomy of work, energy independence;
a special shape securely holds the septic tank at the right level in the ground;
ease of maintenance;
high degree of purification;
saving Supplies;
ease of installation - no concreting is required for the pit, the convenience of the design provides a smaller amount of excavation work;
low cost.

With proper use of the equipment, cleaning can be done every 4-5 years. With permanent residence in the house, the manufacturer recommends cleaning the system with intensity once a year.

2. Septic tank "Triton". The three-chamber design ensures the proper removal of various suspensions from the material used, residues from the decomposition of biological materials, after which the purified water is supplied to the filtration surface. The septic tank is available in several models; from personal needs, you can choose a device with a volume of 2 to 40 m 3.

With regular use of the system, it is necessary to clean the solids twice a year. Proper operation of the equipment will allow it to be used for more than 50 years. During installation, it is necessary to equip an "anchor" or a concrete tank, which will allow you to securely fix the septic tank in the ground.

For small country houses, baths, you can use compact models - "Triton-mini", which provide processing of wastewater of small volume.

3. Septic tank "TOPAS" refers to energy-dependent septic tanks, for its operation requires a constant supply of electricity. Sewage treatment includes several stages:

decomposition of organic matter;
qualitative decrease in the level of mineralization;
removal of mechanical components.

The use of the TOPAS septic tank allows you to clean the drains by 98%, such water can be suitable for irrigating land.

The initial stage of cleaning takes place in the receiving chamber, where mechanical particles are deposited. In the next chamber, under the influence of active aerobic bacteria, organic matter is decomposed. The sludge masses that come along with the water flow settle in the next tank. From there, the water is already sent to exit the system or returned for further use.

"TOPAS" has important advantages:

automated principle of operation of the device;
effective wastewater treatment;
no noise and unpleasant odor during operation;
low power consumption;
compact dimensions.

Depending on the water consumption and the number of residents, you can purchase different models of a septic tank.

4. Biological treatment plant UNILOS "Astra". Deep cleaning stations are manufactured by SBM-Group, they combine two types of cleaning - mechanical and biological, effectively destroy pollution from sewers and maintain the environmental safety of the territory. The stations have several cameras and are characterized by important advantages:

Easy mounting method. The stations are delivered to the site assembled, no construction equipment is required for installation.
Durability and reliability. The body of the station is made of durable polypropylene, which provides resistance to mechanical and chemical influences. The service life exceeds 50 years.
Automated operating principle.
Economical use of electricity.
The system is cleaned of sludge particles using a drainage pump, no more than once every six months.

UNILOS stations are represented by a large range of models, modifications differ from the length of the pipeline and the depth of occurrence. Insulated models are also available that can be used in low temperature conditions.

5. BioDeka deep cleaning stations. The equipment provides a multi-level cleaning system - mechanical, biological and chemical. The station is suitable for use in cottages, private houses, country cottages, large industrial facilities. It should be installed for a number of reasons:

provides a high degree of purification;
no unpleasant odors during operation;
suitable for use in any type of soil and any climatic zones;
effectively clears large volumes of drains of any consistence.

All presented brands have proven themselves in the market, have a well-thought-out design and a fairly high degree of sewage treatment. Therefore, the choice remains only with the buyer.