Local sewerage of a country house. Features of the device of the sewerage system in a private house Sewer installation schemes in a private house

To ensure a quality standard of living in country house it is necessary to take care of the convenience of the outflow of used water and waste products. Properly calculated at the design stage and subsequently installed sewerage in private house is the key to long and trouble-free operation. Such a design can be mounted independently, with your own hands, if you approach this issue thoroughly. The design of the house plays a key role in drawing up the scheme of the internal pipeline, but for laying the external sewer networks, several rules must be followed.

Where to place the sewer on the site

The sewerage device in a private house must be carried out in accordance with all the rules and regulations so that its operation is long and trouble-free. Internal - combines all the pipes that are inside the house and plumbing fixtures. Its main purpose is the disposal of wastewater generated in the process of human life. Installation of the internal sewerage system is carried out taking into account SNiP according to a pre-agreed plan. But the main thing in this project is the device cesspool, septic tank or other container for collecting wastewater.

The main rules for the construction of a cesspool:

The distance to the object for living should be 5-12 meters. If the distance is greater, then difficulties may arise with the outflow of fluid from the pipes.

The distance between the outbuildings and the sump must be at least 1 meter.

The distance from the neighbor's fence is 2-4 meters.

Distance from ornamental and garden plants - 3-4 meters.

From wells and wells, a sump with sewage should be located at a distance of at least 30 meters.

The depth of the pit is determined depending on the level of occurrence ground water but not less than three meters.

The bulk of sewage should be below the freezing point of the soil. The tank can be filled with a gap of 35 cm to the top cover.

Sewer options

Which treatment systems to install directly depends on the desire and capabilities of the owner. There are such types of sewer systems:

Septic tank - allows you to ensure not only the collection of wastewater, but also their processing. In the chambers of such tanks, wastewater is settled and processed by special bacteria that feed on organic matter.

Biological wastewater treatment using a special station. This option is distinguished by a high degree of wastewater treatment and high productivity. However, the station depends on electricity and is quite expensive.

Dry closet - this option is only suitable for giving, where the owners live intermittently. The dry closet is not able to solve the problem of drains from their kitchen and shower.

Cesspool - this option was previously resorted to most often. But due to technological progress, against the background of which the number of household items interacting with water has increased (dishwasher and washing machine), the number of drains has increased markedly, and the volume of the cesspool has ceased to cope with it. And the risk of soil contamination in this case is much higher.

You can make a sewer in a private house with your own hands in all of the above cases, except, perhaps, for installing a cleaning station. Here you can not do without the help of specialists.

Cesspool

To install a cesspool, a long and voluminous pit is dug in the ground, where wastewater from the toilet, kitchen and bathroom is drained through pipes. In some cases, the pit is lined with bricks. The advantages of this design include low cost and ease of installation. However, the cesspool still has more disadvantages:

It all depends on which pit the owner preferred. The design with an earthen bottom is more dangerous in an ecological sense and can lead to poisoning of the entire site. A sealed pit is a brick-lined structure with concrete bottom. This option is safer and requires cleaning 1-2 times a year. A concrete ring structure is also considered an airtight pit.
Sealed tank

A popular option is a sealed storage tank, which can be metal or plastic. The first option has significant drawbacks - it is subject to corrosion and needs to be replaced over time, especially in such an aggressive environment as wastewater. Also, a metal tank requires a waterproofing procedure.

Sealed tank

The plastic container is more suitable option which has many advantages:

The disadvantages of a plastic container include its rather high cost.
Single chamber septic tank

This option is suitable for a small family of three, where the total volume of water for local sewerage does not exceed 1000 liters. The design of a single-chamber septic tank is a sealed container or structure with a filter for discharging water into the soil. The last option is the construction of concrete rings with periodic addition to the tank biological preparations to improve the cleaning quality.
Advantages of a single-chamber septic tank:
The principle of operation of this design is very simple: wastewater enters the septic tank through pipes, solid particles settle to the bottom. From the sump, water goes to the soil and soil for treatment. The main thing is to choose the right place drainage area, the installation depth of the septic tank was correctly determined and the volume of the tank was calculated.

The disadvantages of a single-chamber septic tank include the need to install it at a great depth in order to prevent the pouring of sewage into water resources.
Two-chamber septic tank

When is it advisable to install a two-chamber septic tank in a private house? The first chamber of this design is used for settling water and its purification. All impurities settle in it, and only water, oil and residues remain on top. household chemicals. Secondary wastewater treatment takes place in the second chamber. Oil and household chemicals are already deposited here. Only the water remains at the level, which is 65% purer than it was before. When the container overflows, its top layer falls into the soil. But due to the insignificant level of contamination of the liquid, it does not pose a danger to the environment. A two-chamber septic tank for sewage in a private house provides a high level of wastewater treatment and safety. This design is suitable for installation in big house where 5-8 people live.
Advantages of a two-chamber septic tank:
TO weak side such structures can be attributed to the need to sometimes clean it from silt. It is worth knowing that this should be done carefully, without completely getting rid of silting, because microorganisms that feed on organic compounds from drains and live in it participate in the separation.
Septic tank with biofilter

A biofilter in a septic tank is a container that is filled with inert material(expanded clay). How does a biofilter work:
The scheme of the septic tank with a biofilter

In order for the sewage disposal system to function flawlessly, several nuances must be taken into account when arranging it. Today we will tell you what sewerage is for a private house, how to install it correctly and what mistakes should be avoided.

Pipe laying

Sewer wiring is one of the most complex processes, so its arrangement should be given the closest attention. Its assembly must fully comply with the requirements of SNiP.

Installation of the sewerage system is carried out in stages:
first fit release(pipe connecting the external street and intra-house system);

Release device

Further mounted riser- the central pipe, located vertically; to facilitate maintenance, it is better if he is alone in the house; as a rule, it is located in utility rooms or a toilet; should not be mounted in living rooms or kitchen; it is installed openly or fits into a special shaft;

Last to connect bends, starting from the crosses, only upside down; while the toilet is connected to the riser only separately with a pipe of 100-110 mm, other devices can be connected to a single common supply with thin pipes of 50 mm.

Advice. Liquid soap can be used to facilitate the entry of pipes into fasteners.

Mounting release

1. For him, it is better to mount a special hole during the construction of the house. If it is not there, then a hole is made in the foundation 200-250 mm wider than the diameter of the pipe itself.

2. Hole waterproofed using bituminous mastic.

3. Next, a special sleeve is inserted into it (a segment with a diameter of 20-40 mm more than the outlet pipe). It serves to prevent the destruction of the main pipeline. The sleeve should protrude from the foundation on both sides by 150 mm.

4. The outlet pipe is placed in the sleeve. The space between them is carefully filled with foam.

5. The sleeve is connected to the house sewer pipe oblique tee(tee 45°) and withdrawal.

Sewer crosses, tees and bends

Slope angle

Since sewage flows through the pipes by gravity, in order to avoid blockages, the angle of their slope should be correctly determined. It is calculated based on the diameter of the pipeline. And for each plumbing fixture, it is selected separately:

40-55 mm - from 3%;

85-100 mm - from 2%.

Naturally, the farther the device is from the riser, the more the slope should be increased. Let's say drain hole located at a distance of 200 m from the riser itself. To obtain the required angle of inclination, the pipe should be shifted in height by 60 mm.

Pipe angle

Advice. When choosing pipes for sewerage, please note that outdoor pipes are always painted orange, and pipes intended for indoor installation are gray.

Riser installation

1. He's only going upwards. For such a pipe, appropriate openings are prepared in the ceilings and roof. To reduce the noise of the passage of water from the wall or strobe, 20 mm should be retreated.

2. The riser is mounted only strictly vertical. Minor deviations of up to 2 mm for every 2 m are allowed.

3. So that the joints do not interfere with the passage of liquid, the sockets are mounted above.

4. Gradually connect when assembled side branches and inspection hatches. For this, oblique tees and crosses are used.

5. When connecting the bends, the pipes running parallel to the floor are laid on special supports.

Scheme of the sewer system

6. Excessive pipe turns should be avoided, if they cannot be avoided, it is better to use two tees at 45 °, and even better three at 30 °; if you choose one in 90°, then the waste in it will be stagnate; in addition, when connected at a right angle, the pressure in the riser will be limiting, which will lead to excessive noise in room.

Advice. Since blockages occur most often at the corners, be sure to provide revision or inspection hatches next to them.

7. The riser is fixed to the wall with clamps, which should be located under the sockets. The distance between the clamps is up to 4 m. In order not to damage the system, the holes for them should be prepared in advance or, during their preparation, the riser should be disassembled for a while.

Riser Assembly Scheme

Arrangement of the hood

To prevent odors from entering the room, a curved pipe is provided at the bottom of all plumbing fixtures (sinks, toilet bowls, etc.) - water seal. However, with intensive use of sewage in the riser, a vacuum is sometimes formed. In this case, there is a "breakdown of the water seal" - gases without water resistance begin to penetrate into the house.

To avoid this, it is necessary to provide for their removal into the atmosphere. The fan pipe for ventilation of the sewer system is brought out through the roof. Its diameter is always equal to the main pipe diameter. If fan pipe passes through an unheated attic space, it must be insulated.

With a small bandwidth sewers sewerage equipment without exhaust is allowed. However, in this case, the riser must necessarily end with a cleaning or revision hatch.

Inspection hatch and cleaning hole (equipped with a plug)

Basic wiring rules

In order to avoid problems with sewage during operation, the following rules should be followed when arranging it:

To prevent a splash of sewage, all plumbing is connected above the toilet;

To avoid blockages, strong kinks and excessive sharp pipe bends;

Sewer system installation

supply pipe diameter it is selected equal to or slightly larger than the size of the largest pipe from the plumbing fixture;

If there is a toilet in the house common riser diameter must be greater than or at least equal to 100 mm - the diameter of the toilet pipe;

The eyeliner to it should not exceed a meter; from other plumbing fixtures allowed eyeliner length up to 3 m; if for some reason it is made larger, then its diameter is increased to the size of the common riser (at least 100 mm); in order not to increase its diameter, it is possible to equip a vacuum valve at its upper end;

To maintain the system, it is necessary to provide inspection hatches and hatches for cleaning; they should be placed every 10 m;

To in winter period pipes are not frozen, in places where they pass underground, they should be carefully insulate.

Coziness and comfort of a country house, private household, country cottage cannot be imagined without an efficient, well-functioning sewer system.

Planning, arranging and maintaining the drain complex in proper condition is the object of constant close attention of the owners of individual real estate.

Understanding all the fundamental principles of constructing and maintaining a sewage drain, the design of the main components and assemblies of the system, it is not difficult to sewer into a private house with my own hands. This results in significant cost savings Supplies and remuneration of skilled workers.

Each home master who created with his own hands such a difficult functional system for your own home autonomous sewerage, automatically becomes an indispensable specialist in its maintenance.

In the construction market of Moscow and the region, there are many companies for the arrangement of turnkey water supply and sewer works. The Moscow region positions a different price range - for a small country house, the cost is in the range of 20-30 thousand rubles. For a building of medium size and with tenants up to 6 people, a drain will cost 50-60 thousand rubles. The equipment of the drain system of a large 2-3-storey cottage with more than 12 residents can pull 200-300 thousand rubles and more.

So, how to design and implement a sewerage device in a private house that will work for decades without failures and emergencies? How to plan everything yourself, while getting a savings of 50% of the total costs? This will be discussed further in our article.

Drain design

Before starting all work, it is necessary to carefully consider the design of the entire system as a whole, as well as the composition of all its components. It is best to put your vision of the design on paper.

The drawn project will always be in sight, helping to take into account important details. Working on the drawing will allow you to plan a compact arrangement of pipes and take into account the structural features of the building.

In the project, it is important to take into account the location of each plumbing unit, identify ways to lay pipelines to the equipment, calculate the required number of fittings, pipes, and materials.

Specific sections of the engineering network to be laid must be designated separately, having calculated the length of the pipes and their diameters. When purchasing materials, this information will be very useful. The sewerage scheme in a private house will be a reliable help in its construction.

The design process involves the arrangement of internal and external schemes for the withdrawal of waste water.

When laying internal sewerage installed:

fan pipe
central riser
Pipes for shower, bath, toilet

External sewerage in a private house is responsible for the removal of external wastewater. It is arranged for supply to a septic tank or to a deep cleaning station. The last construction will have a high cost. Available near home central system sewerage system, the task of arranging the external outlet of waste water is greatly simplified, and considerable money savings are achieved.

To simplify installation, as well as to reduce costs, at the design stage, it is necessary to arrange the premises of the house associated with water consumption as compactly as possible. Thanks to this arrangement, the laying of pipes inside the house is greatly simplified.

An important tip is that the design process must begin with a riser. Only by determining the channel for the passage of the riser and the collector pipe, it is possible to outline the further location of all other constituent parts of the system.

the best material for laying sewers is polypropylene or PVC pipes, tees, fittings. They are much cheaper, but much more durable than cast iron products;
when laying drain networks, all turns in them can be mounted using two plastic elbows with a 45 degree bend. The design greatly minimizes the chance of blockages that are common with a single 90-degree bend;
for gray kitchen drains, as well as for the removal of used water from the bathroom are used pvc pipes with a diameter of 50 millimeters;
waste toilet pipes should be at least 100-110 millimeters in diameter. The total length of such pipes should be no more than 1000 millimeters.

Piping and piping

Installation work during the laying of pipelines of the drain complex is considered the most labor-intensive in construction. Equipping the house with their own hands, it will be difficult for one owner to cope with the entire amount of work. Therefore, it is recommended to have one or two assistants from among family members, neighbors, acquaintances. The speed of work and the quality of sewerage wiring will only benefit from this.

Currently, the trading network and construction Internet portals offer a wide variety of plastic pipes, revisions, tees, elbows. With the help of rubber cuffs, they connect without problems and function perfectly without letting water through. At the same time, the joints are processed with special construction silicone sealants. In places where pipe communications pass through walls, sleeves are installed on top of them to prevent damage.

Indicative list of tools that will be needed when laying sewer pipes:

Automatic sealant gun
Screwdriver Set
Hammer 200 g
Electric perforator
Pencil
Level
Bulgarian with a long cord
Hacksaw for cutting plastic and metal

Small mistakes are always possible in such works. In order to detect leaks or defects in fittings, the finished sewerage system must be tested before being put into operation. clean water. Only after making sure of the reliability of its condition, it is possible to connect it to the existing equipment of the dwelling. Storm sewers can be combined at the exit of the house with an internal drain.

Related video:

Slope and release

An important factor in the installation of drain structures is the correct slope. Modern building codes suggest the slope of systems where there is no fluid pressure to be produced taking into account the diameter of the pipelines. 50 mm pipes should have a slope of 3 centimeters per meter of their length. Pipes with a diameter of 100-110 millimeters can have a slope of 2 centimeters in their length. Based on this, different points of the horizontal pipes should be at different heights.

To prevent non-docking of external wiring with internal, installation begins with the release of the sewer. The outlet is the place in the pipeline where the internal riser is connected to the pipe leading to the septic tank. It is laid deep in the ground through the foundation, below the freezing level of the soil of the region.

V extreme cases if conditions do not allow and the outlet is higher, it must be very carefully insulated. Otherwise, in winter frosts, the pipe with drained water will freeze and create problems.

Related video:

Cesspool and septic tank for wastewater treatment

The most inexpensive way to arrange the withdrawal of used water from a private house is a cesspool. It is made at the rate of 0.5-0.8 m³ per person. The bottom of the pit is filled with concrete. The side walls are lined with bricks, blocks, can be poured with concrete. To prevent sewage from entering drinking water, the masonry is sealed with bituminous mastic on top.

Sewer wiring is laid in a trench 1 meter deep. The ditch is blocked wooden floor, which is filled with liquid bitumen from above and an inspection hatch with a cover is installed.

The cesspool should be located in a convenient place accessible for sewage transport. This is necessary so that as the pit is filled, it must be cleaned. In all settlements there is a service that, at the request of the owners of private houses, sends special machines for cleaning cesspools.

When deciding to create a sewer design, the owner should familiarize himself with the full list of special devices that are widely available on the market. building materials. Plastic septic tanks, storage tanks, multi-chamber sewer systems- these devices facilitate the installation of the drain complex, ensuring the reliability and durability of its service.

The septic tank has more robust design, longer service life, convenient to use. Its task is to clarify wastewater and bring them into the ground. A septic tank is usually made up of several sections, depending on the expected volume of water flow in the house. According to the norms, it should be located at a distance of 20 m from a residential building. The drainage installation is mounted at a distance sufficient to prevent erosion of the soil, the foundation and the ingress of sewage into basements and wells.

The drainage system should be located below the drinking water intake level, no closer than 50 m from the water intake point. In the absence of groundwater, a filtration well is arranged instead of a drainage system. It is laid out of bricks, blocks or poured with concrete in the formwork. From above, the device is closed with a lid and covered with molten bitumen for sealing.

A ready-made septic tank can be purchased in the distribution network, on Internet portals. Often used for this purpose plastic containers, concrete rings. It is important to remember: bringing water into drainage system the pipe must be laid at a depth of at least one and a half meters. The depth of the sewerage will prevent it from freezing in the winter. The septic tank is cleaned at least once a year. Bottom sediments turn into minerals, which are successfully used as fertilizers for the garden.

Filter well

The filter well is installed with low water consumption - up to 1 m³. A sealed housing is made, the bottom is filled with some loose filter material: crushed stone, slag, gravel, granular screenings. Such a device is located at a distance of 50 m from the water intake. Its bottom is located at least one meter above the groundwater level.

Desirable when arranging sewerage for country house use modern technological materials. Here pipes made of PVC or polypropylene are best suited. good quality. Such materials will serve for decades, delighting the inhabitants of the house with their functionality, reliability, and smooth operation. If you need to replace small parts, they can be easily changed without compromising the family budget.

Thus, the rhetorical question of how to make a sewer in a private house or cottage with your own hands is an attractive topic that every property owner can do for himself, choosing the best option from a variety of designs.

Having understood the vicissitudes of construction, having correctly installed the sewerage system, the owner of the mansion will simply be able to independently solve all the issues that arise during the entire long period of its operation, without involving specialists from specialized companies for this.

Do-it-yourself sewer installation in a private house requires special care and responsibility. The degree of comfort during living and the ease of operation of the facilities (the absence of constantly occurring blockages, freezing of communications, unpleasant odors and loud sounds in the room) depend on how accurately all the conditions and established rules are observed.

Sewer systems for a country house are complex schemes for collecting, discharging and treating wastewater. As a rule, two types of sewerage are organized in the house.

Household is the collection of wastewater from the toilet, bathroom, kitchen sink and water household appliances(dishwashers and washing machines).
designed to collect rain and melt water. It prevents flooding of cellars and cellars, damage to the foundation, the appearance of excessive soil moisture and rotting of the roots of cultivated plants.

Since there are no oil and oil products in the storm drains of a private house, it is allowed to combine storm and domestic sewers into one system, however, such a solution will require a larger volume of the receiver (local treatment plant, septic tank or cesspool) and the associated high equipment costs , therefore, the expediency of such a combination is decided by each homeowner individually.

The composition of the sewer system

Any sewer system can be divided into three main parts:

house communications, representing the union of drains from each point into a single collector,
external (or external) pipelines connecting the outlet of the collector from the house (in some cases, outlet pipes from the bath cut into the pipeline or) and the receiving device,
actually receiving device.

When arranging as a sink for wastewater is the most important issue.

And for the installation of stormwater drainage, an important element is, the types of which have information in a separate article.

You may also need for risers and 50 mm for subsequent wiring.

The receiving device may be a storage or cleaning facility.

performs partial soil filtration of wastewater, however, bacteria living in the soil are able to process inclusions only if the amount of wastewater does not exceed one cubic meter per day. Just like sealed models with a bottom, requiring pumping out the contents with the help of a sewage machine, this design is more suitable for giving than for a house with permanent residence.
Finished septic tanks well-known manufacturers are carefully designed and field-tested designs that require cleaning much less often than simpler devices. You can save money by building.
Local treatment plants (VOCs)- quite expensive and complex devices that require connection to the power grid, which at the same time are able to remove from wastewater and process up to 98% of impurities, forming water and sludge suitable for irrigation, which can be used as an organic environmentally friendly fertilizer.

The choice of the place of the receiver of drains and its parameters

Regardless of the type of receiver (processor or storage), its the volume must be at least three daily norms of water consumption for all residents of the house. The existing norms determine the average value per person - 200 liters, on the basis of which the volume of the tank is calculated as 600 liters (200x3) multiplied by the number of people. When using treatment facilities with several tanks connected in series, their total volume is taken into account.

The location of the receiver is determined taking into account certain requirements.

The structure is installed at the lowest point of the site, if the latter has a complex relief.
Distances to important objects must comply with accepted standards:

- to the source drinking water– up to 50 meters (depending on the type of receiver, groundwater level),

- to the road - at least 5 m,

- to a reservoir or other open reservoir - 30 m,

- to a residential building - 5 m.

Charting

It is best to take care of the sewerage scheme at the design stage of the house. At that time premises with water drainage are trying to be placed in one sector so as to reduce the length of the pipes. This makes it possible to purchase fewer pipes. In addition, the short length and fewer connections simplify the circuit and reduce the likelihood of malfunctions.

In order for a do-it-yourself sewerage scheme in a private house to fully comply with the requirements, and during its development, important points, you should use ready plan at home or draw it on a piece of graph paper.

The first step in drawing up a diagram is to plot all the drain points on the plan. If there is more than one floor, a plan with the location of plumbing fixtures is drawn up floor by floor.
After that, the location of the common riser is applied to the diagram. Since the diameter of the toilet outlet is usually 110 mm and the riser has similar parameters, the latter is most often located in the toilet. This allows you to fulfill one more condition - the length of the outlet from the toilet to the collector should not be more than 1000 mm. It is recommended, if possible, to locate the drain points closer to the riser, the greater their outlet.
A collector pipeline line is drawn on the diagram to the point of exit from the house, which, at the construction stage, is arranged in the foundation of the building and equipped with a protective sleeve (a piece of pipe whose diameter is so much larger than the diameter of the collector to ensure its free entry and the presence of gaps).
Drain lines are drawn from each drain point to the collector. Branches located nearby (for example, from the bathroom and the washbasin) can be combined into one line. An exception is the drain line from the toilet, which under any conditions should not have tie-ins from other drain points.

It is important to remember that a do-it-yourself sewerage system in a private house must be carried out with a certain slope (3% for pipes with a diameter of 50 mm, 2% for pipes with a diameter of 110 mm).

In addition to pipelines for transporting wastewater, the installation site is applied to the diagram.
An external sewage scheme is similarly applied to the site plan, taking into account the location of buildings, trees (optimally, communications should take place at a distance of at least 3 meters from them). For every 10-15 meters of the main line, as well as at the places of turns and tie-ins of additional lines, an inspection well is arranged.

Features of the choice of pipes and fittings

The main aspect of pipe selection is the type of material. Despite the strength of cast iron products, sewer systems for a private house are less and less often made of such material due to their heavy weight, which makes transportation and installation difficult. Preferred are modern polymeric materials.

Flexible and durable polypropylene tolerates high temperatures drains, so it is great for domestic sewage. Typically, these pipes are painted gray.
Polyvinyl chloride is not so resistant to high temperatures, but it has high strength. Orange pipes made of this material are easily visible in the ground, they are used for external sewage, and gray pipes for internal sewage.

Installation of internal sewerage

Do-it-yourself sewerage device in a private house is recommended to start with the installation of internal sewerage and ventilation for it.

When do-it-yourself sewerage is organized in a country house, the laying of pipes, including the riser, can be hidden and open. In the first case, communications are located in walls, niches or boxes. V without fail inspection hatches should be arranged for the possibility of inspection and repair. Pipes are attached to the walls with the help of special devices (suspensions, clamps, etc.). During installation, the above principles for selecting the parameters of the system elements are observed (110 mm pipelines for the manifold and toilet outlet, 50 mm for sinks, showers and bathrooms, oblique tees and crosses at the joints), however, experts recommend also installing larger diameter collectors (100- 110 mm) at outlet connections (e.g. washbasins and bathtubs).

Docking of pipes that differ in diameter is carried out using adapters. For each drain point install water seals preventing the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room. Throughout all communications inside the house, special revision tees are installed at each turn of the pipes.

Tip: To reduce the risk of blockages, it is recommended to use not one 90° fitting, but two 45° fittings or three 30° fittings when installing bends.

For those who are important to find the most complete answer to the question of how to conduct sewage in a private house , useful information about ventilation device.

The installation of external sewer pipes is shown in the video.

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Owning your own home is the dream of many people. There is nothing better than your own corner, provided with all amenities. However, everyone wants to surround themselves with comfort, and the outdoor toilet, along with the need to carry water from the well, is a thing of the past. In this regard, the question became relevant: “How is a sewerage scheme created in a private house with your own hands?”.

Creating a sewer for a private house is not as difficult as it seems

Before starting construction, it is necessary to determine the type of sewerage scheme in a private house. With your own hands, you can create several varieties that will have their pros and cons.

The most popular are the following varieties:

Drain well. Simply put, an ordinary pit that accumulates all waste and sewage. Such a structure is inexpensive, does not take much time during construction. The sequence of actions is simple - dig a hole at a distance of twenty meters from the house. The calculation of its volume is based on indicators of 0.7 cubic meters per person. To strengthen the walls, it is recommended to use brickwork or concrete rings. After that, for additional sealing, the seams are coated with bitumen. The bottom of the pit can be filled with concrete so that the wastewater does not poison the soil. Upon completion of construction, install a hatch for the subsequent removal of liquid. This the simplest circuit sewers in private houses, created by the owner with his own hands. However, such an arrangement is relevant, rather, for country houses than for a full-fledged living space;

An equally well-known method is the instillation of a closed container. This structure functions on the same principle as the drain pit. A special tank is buried in the ground, the volume of which is calculated according to the number of people living. The main waste lines are brought to the hatch of the tank. Drain water accumulates in the tank without polluting the surrounding area. A significant disadvantage of this method can be considered the need for constant cleaning.

A septic tank is difficult to build, but at the same time the most reliable sewerage system in a private house, the scheme, laying depth and components of which can guarantee efficient operation for many years. During construction, it is necessary to choose a suitable place for the future well. Distance from the house should not be less than twenty meters. Further, the walls of the pit are securely reinforced with bricks, the recommended thickness of the masonry is twenty-five centimeters. We carefully concrete the bottom, after which we proceed to laying the drain. Position it above the water. Do not forget to provide a hole through which the liquid will be removed.

Helpful information! Deciding which option to choose should be based on the funds that you expect to spend during construction. The above examples differ both in the high cost of the elements and in the time costs.

In addition, do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house depends on the layout of the dwelling and the number of people who regularly live in it. Experts recommend placing rooms such as a kitchen, bathroom and toilet nearby. This configuration allows you to assign a single collector for their service, through which the waste liquid will flow into a septic tank or sewage pit.

If the house turns out to be too large, and its layout provides for a significant removal of the kitchen from other rooms with drainage, it will be required. It is necessary to take care of separate drainage, as well as provide for the possibility for pumping out drain water. Owners should take care to install risers to provide water to the upper rooms.

Related article:

In the article, we will consider options for a drainage device, how to make a reliable system with your own hands, the average cost of the work of specialists.

The components that make up the sewer for private houses with their own hands

The drainage system consists of basic elements, each of which performs its own functions. The first place in the list is occupied by the communications of the premises. Pipes and hoses located in rooms and performing the function of drainage. Laid in rooms with plumbing, at the exit they are combined by a collector, through which the waste liquid leaves.

Further, the main functions are taken over by external communications. The pipeline installed on the street is most often dug into the ground or protected by a casing. Separate drains from utility rooms can be connected to it, for example,. The main task of this node is the delivery of wastewater to the receiving device.

The final stage in the chain is the storage tank, the main function of which is to store water and other waste. Depending on the complexity of the system, the receiving device can either simply be filled with water or filter sewage.

Do-it-yourself sewerage laying in private houses: video tips and more

At the first stage, the soil layer should be carefully examined for special characteristics. When looking for a site for a drain well, you need to pay attention to:

Slopes, potholes and other natural depressions on your site;
Free access to vehicles for cleaning the storage tank;
Remoteness from economic constructions and fences.

In most cases country houses used seasonally and do not live there regularly. Therefore, do-it-yourself sewerage in private houses can do with a small receiving capacity.

Helpful information! If you adhere to sanitary and building codes, the sewage pit must be located at a distance of at least five meters from other buildings. Experienced builders recommend increasing this distance as much as possible to isolate the house from unpleasant odors.

It is best to dig the hole in a low-lying area to provide a natural slope for runoff. Try to avoid such an arrangement in order to prevent accidents.

This video will help you understand how to draw up a diagram and plan for a drainage system:

Selection of parts and fittings for sewerage

The next step in construction is the selection of components. The quality of the fittings and other parts you choose will determine the durability and quality of the entire system.

Going to a specialized store, you need to know that the pipeline is divided into external and internal. The first combines high conductivity, resistance to high and low temperatures, as well as chemical and biological substances. These communications must freely pass water and be hermetically connected to the outlet manifold.

The external pipeline has the same qualities, with the addition of specific features. Its surface can withstand the load of the earth, because such communications are buried to a depth of two meters. In addition, these pipes are absolutely hermetic and pass according to international technical parameters.

When choosing communications, pay attention to the material from which they are made. There are the following types: