How to make a ladder out of wood with your own hands. A simple technique for erecting a flight of stairs with your own hands: installation tips

Modern private house it is necessarily equipped with a ladder for moving to the upper floors or attic space and an ordinary stepladder is hardly suitable here. It is necessary to build something more reliable and durable. For example, a staircase made of solid wood. wooden stairs with your own hands will require special care at all stages of its manufacture.

Advantages

Wood is the most environmentally friendly and easiest to process material that does not require special processing skills. It can be used both for intra-apartment structures and for the porch of a house. Stairs on metal frame are considered much more reliable, but now we are not talking about them.

Completely wooden structures that can be assembled as a constructor have the following advantages:

acceptable price;
the availability of the material;
easy processing.

The most common material is pine. This is an inexpensive soft wood, well suited for beginners. The disadvantage of pine is the softness of the texture, due to which, during operation, the structure may begin to darken, and the steps creak, if the necessary wood processing is not carried out before the start of construction or a porch made of similar material.

When building a more reliable, beautiful and durable staircase, it is better to use expensive varieties. Stairs made of solid beech, oak or larch have an inimitable structure and increased wear resistance due to the density of this material. The only drawback of these breeds is the high price.

Design

How to do wooden stairs for a porch or for a house made of solid oak, pine, ash and larch? Before studying the manufacturing instructions, talking about the frame and components, you need to figure out what types of wooden structures you can assemble with your own hands. Conventionally, marching and spiral staircases can be distinguished.

Screw structures are used in rooms with limited space. These structures are not suitable for moving large objects and can only be used for human movement. Such a staircase will never be completely wooden, since the support (rod, pipe) is made of metal.

Marching stairs are the simplest in execution. This kind of wooden structures on stringers or bowstrings are mounted both indoors and outdoors (mainly for the porch, which, as a rule, is located on a metal frame). Ergonomics is the main criterion for interior installation. That is why it is not so important which staircase will be built in your room - one-flight, two-flight with a platform, or a design with winder steps. It is worth noting that it is not much more difficult than a straight line.

The main thing is that it fits perfectly into the space allotted to it and harmonizes in style with the engineering elements surrounding it. A wooden staircase inside the house is, first of all, warmth and comfort. These are not unpretentious stairs for the porch and not welded structures on a metal frame. To choose the right type of staircase design, you need to measure the area on which the staircase will be located. Then make initial calculations and draw drawings. A detailed drawing will show the location of the structure in the room and how ergonomic it will be.

Elements

Making wooden stairs from solid wood will require some knowledge about the elements of stair structures. Let's understand the terminology.

Bowstring - a supporting beam and an element of additional fasteners for steps, located at the end of the latter.
Stringers are the most common way of manufacturing wooden staircases. In the bearing parallel beams, cuts are made, on which the treads are laid.
Treads - the surface of the step.
Riser - the vertical part of the step, mounted (if necessary) between the steps, closing the visible space.
Balusters - an element of the fence, gives the structure additional rigidity and strength. Attaches to stairs and railings.
Poles (or support rod) - are installed mainly during the installation of screw structures as the main (central) bearing element.
Railing - part of the enclosing structure of the stairs, mounted on top of balusters or fastening spokes.
Decorative elements - decorative overlays, plugs.

On bowstrings or stringers?

Stairs for the house on bowstrings and stringers are equally simple when self-manufacturing. You should understand the difference between them. The bowstrings are fastened from the end of the tread with the help of corners, grooves and wood glue or with the help of bars. All this is fastened with self-tapping screws or bolted connections.

Stringers are located under the steps and are fastened with special fastening fittings.

For the production of bowstrings and stringers, blanks from solid oak, ash, pine and larch are most often used. These tree species are most common in the vastness of our country. For the manufacture of load-bearing elements at woodworking enterprises, machines are used that dissolve logs onto an unedged board of the required thickness (and the load-bearing parts are at least 50 mm), when trimmed, a finished beam is formed (50x50, 50x100, etc.). If you decide to assemble the design on bowstrings with your own hands, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with.

Milling bowstring under the steps

Making a kosour

Payment

To make accurate calculations and draw up a drawing.

The angle of inclination of the stairs should not exceed 45 degrees.
The depth of the tread should not be less than 250mm.
The height of the riser is in the range of 160-200mm.
The minimum opening width is 1000mm.
The height of the railings (handrails) should not exceed 1000mm. For children, additional handrails are installed at a height of 600mm.
The vertical opening should not be lower than 2000mm.

By applying these simple rules, you can build a correct and convenient staircase for a house or a porch.

Important!
It should be remembered that the topmost step should be flush with the floor of the second floor, this applies to both concrete and wooden floors.

Marking and manufacturing of elements

Consider detailed instructions about how to make a wooden staircase for the house. After detailed calculations and analysis of the drawing, you can proceed to the layout and manufacture of structural elements.

We apply markings on bowstrings or stringers. To do this, it is convenient to use a right-angled triangle or a special corner with marked legs (riser height and tread width).
We measure the length of steps and risers, as well as other elements that we will cut out ourselves.
We cut out all the elements of the staircase structure using an electric saw.
We sand all the wooden blanks of the stairs.
If there is no opening for passage to the second floor, it must be organized by dismantling part of the floor.

Assembly and installation instructions

The assembly of stairs for a house on wooden stringers or bowstrings begins with the installation of load-bearing elements. Rigid fixation at the upper and lower points is carried out using angles, threaded connections, or anchors (depending on the floor and floor material). Before the final fixing of the supporting structures, it would be nice to once again check the coincidence of the horizons. To do this, use the level laid on the horizontal "cuts" (the place of attachment of the future tread). If the stringers were cut according to one pattern, then you should not worry too much. So do not be lazy during the assembly process once again look into the drawing and keep a measuring tool at hand.

Log ladder

Quite often the question arises: “Is it possible to make a ladder out of a log?”. Of course you can. It cannot be made from just one log. Let's look at the options.

The logs are sawn in half. Steps and load-bearing parts will subsequently be made from these blanks (one might say massive “bowstrings”). For convenience, let's turn to the simplest project - a straight staircase. After processing front side using an electric planer and an emery wheel, proceed to marking inside. Steps and fasteners will be fixed to it (the steel corner is the most suitable option for such a massive structure, it is fastened with a threaded connection or anchor).

We install our bowstrings, fixing them on the ceiling and on the floor. In accordance with the markup, we attach bars to the bowstrings with self-tapping screws that will support our steps from half-logs (choose the width yourself). Immediately before fixing, we check the level of the horizon of each step. We drill a hole through the bowstring to the end of the step, while not allowing it to move. We lay the anchor and tighten it until it stops. There are four anchors per step. A little secret of fasteners - for greater reliability, drop inside the drilled hole silicone sealant, and then already lay the anchor. Anchor bolt head can be concealed.

For the installation of such a ladder, threaded connections can also be used with the organization of hidden “windows” in the steps for tightening elements, but this requires serious skills in working with wood. Such a construction from a log is much more reliable. You can also make steps for a porch staircase from a log, which is also very interesting.

Some manage to create something remotely resembling a ladder from one solid log, laying it at the right angle, and cutting into it, like steps. It would be more correct to lay two logs in parallel as load-bearing stringers, make cuts in them for steps and attach the latter to the load-bearing parts. So you can make a ladder out of a log. It remains to be added that such a structure, if done correctly, will be no worse than concrete ones in terms of reliability. As you can see, marching structures are quite simple to install. If we talk about screw, then everything is somewhat more complicated. However, you can install.

Do-it-yourself log ladder

Finished product processing

All elements of the ladder structure are securely fixed and sanded. It remains only to process the surface of the porch or stairs for the house by special means protection from insects, from decay and to give a beautiful appearance.
Intra-house stairs should harmoniously fit into the interior of the room. Therefore, a varnish coating is used to process these structures. If necessary, the stairs can be tinted in suitable shades with colored varnish, stain, or bleached (this technique is now very popular).

The whole processing process can be divided into three main processes:

grinding;
primer;
varnish protection.

Advice!
When choosing materials for processing, it is better to give preference to alkyd and urethane varnishes.

It is very good to process the porch of a house made of wood with drying oil applied in several layers. This will prevent the structure from rotting, and extend its life.

For a beginner without certain skills in working with a tool, it will not be easy to build a staircase on your own. However, it is possible. The main thing is to correctly calculate and accurately mark the structural elements. Installing precisely calibrated parts will not be a big hassle.

Professional manufacturing and installation of wooden stairs

About Tom, with your own hands for the stairs and for the porch.

The mid-flight staircase is easy to manufacture and is considered the best option for private homes. When constructing an engineering structure, it is necessary to build on two main requirements - safety and convenience. When erecting a staircase, it is important to strictly follow the rules of design, calculation and installation. In order to eliminate undesirable risks of not redoing the work in the future, it is necessary to initially focus on existing standards and norms.

Components and features of mid-flight stairs

An integral element of a two- or three-story house is a staircase. The most popular are two types of structures: wine and marching. To build a spiral staircase, you will need to carry out complex calculations, since such a structure has one supporting element. Errors in the calculation of the expected loads can cause the destruction of the entire structure. Therefore, many choose a mid-flight staircase, which is quite realistic to build on their own.

For a more accurate understanding of how to make a marching staircase, you need to know its components. The design of the stairs includes the following elements:

load-bearing beams: bowstring or stringers;
supporting pillars;
steps (tread);
risers;
frieze steps;
balusters (fences);
handrails (railing);
winder step - instead of a platform;
skirting boards.

Let's describe in more detail each detail of the engineering structure:

Stringers are the main element of the stairs. Bearing beam holding the entire structure. Stringers are made of wood, concrete or metal. Depending on the purpose, weight and specifics of the staircase device, the design may have a single central stringer, two on the sides, or three on the sides and an additional one in the center. The installation of the third stringer must be provided for heavy, massive structures with a high degree of traffic.
The bowstring performs the same function as the stringers. In a stair bowstring, cutouts for treads are made on the inside of the beams.
Steps consist of two parts: riser and tread. Tread - a horizontal surface, about 30 cm wide and about 90-150 cm long. The length of the tread determines the width of the entire structure. The vertical part of the step is a riser, 15-20 cm wide (height of the leg lift). Sometimes, to facilitate the design and decorative appeal, the stairs are made without a riser.
Railings (balusters) are required for stairs with more than 3 steps. A row of balusters is called a balustrade. Balusters set the style of the whole structure. The richness of the choice of textures, shapes and materials allows you to create exclusive products.
Railings are fixed on railings. The main requirement for handrails is the smoothness of the surface. It is on this element that a person leans with his hand while moving up the stairs. On the railing there should be no roughness, chips and notches.
It is advisable to equip the sites if there are more than 10 steps in one span. On a horizontal plane, you can relax a bit. Often platforms are used to turn the stairs in the other direction.
Winder steps replace a full-fledged platform. This solution is optimal when there is not enough space to accommodate a conventional site. The steps are narrowed on one side and widened on the other.

Important! Winder steps of a triangular shape are considered unsafe for walking. They should be used with caution in a house where children and the elderly live.

The popularity of mid-flight stairs is due to a number of their advantages:

ease of manufacture - a traditional staircase for 1-2 marches can be assembled independently;
ease of use - this type of design is universal, as it is suitable for residential premises and public institutions; it is convenient to move and lift heavy furniture and bulky goods along the marching stairs;
attractiveness - march rise looks good in interiors of various styles;
at the expense robust design the staircase is able to withstand heavy loads, which cannot be said about alternative types of stairs, for example, spiral ones;
using winders, you can turn the stairs at different angles, creating complex serpentine structures.

Requirements for marching stairs

GOSTs and SNiPs stipulate standards that are mandatory for the construction of mid-flight stairs in apartment buildings. However, most of the standards are also relevant in the manufacture of stairs intended for private use.

The width of the flight of stairs is at least 80-100 cm.
On the stairs it is necessary to provide quality lighting, especially for the first/last steps.
The height of the fence is from 90 cm.
The marching ladder must withstand a load of about 180-220 kg, and railings - at least 100 kg.
The angle of inclination of stairs located in residential premises is not more than 38 °. For attic stairs, an angle of inclination of 63-74 ° is acceptable. A single flight of stairs must have the same angle of inclination, constant along the entire length.
It is important that the stairs are made of fire resistant materials. Wooden structures must be treated with special protective compounds.

Structures of mid-flight stairs

The type of stairs is determined depending on the dimensions of the building and the purpose of the room. Based on their number of marches, they distinguish: single-flight stairs, structures with two flights and multi-flight models.

It is desirable that the number of steps in one march does not exceed ten - this requirement is explained solely by ease of use. If the design involves the installation of more than ten steps, then it is better to equip two marches with an intermediate platform.

Advice. If the flight of stairs has a height of more than 3 meters, then it is necessary to mount a two-flight staircase.

Separate varieties of mid-flight stairs can be considered cantilever and spinal. One part of the steps of the cantilever staircase is installed directly to the wall, and the second part, as it were, floats in the air.

Important! The steps of the cantilever structure must be attached to the main wall. For the manufacture of such stairs, more durable materials are used, with a thickness of 6 cm or more.

"Suspended" structures save space and look very stylish, the only drawback of a cantilever staircase is the price. The cost for such models is an order of magnitude higher than for traditional marching climbs.

The spinal structure consists of several elements connected using a special technology. Parts are sequentially nested into each other. The main plus is the possibility of building marching stairs of various shapes.

The choice of materials for the manufacture of mid-flight stairs

In accordance with the material of manufacture, mid-flight stairs are divided into metal, wooden, concrete and glass stairs.

Monolithic concrete stairs installed in most apartment buildings, shopping malls, cinemas and other public places.

Concrete structures organically look in multi-storey mansions made of foam block, brick or gas silicate panels. In addition, the concrete staircase is very cold and will have to be sheathed with facing material (wood), and this is a double job.

Particularly durable metal constructions . Using metal components, you can create any composition that will favorably emphasize the individuality of the room.

The metal base of the stairs is of several types:

closed frame - applicable in buildings where it is planned to hide the frame using various materials;
an open structure with two stringers - a frame of rectangular section, and stringers repeat the shape of a ladder;
open staircase with one stringer - this design does not provide for risers; at increased loads, it is desirable to use additional consoles.

For the construction of a metal staircase, you will need an inverter apparatus and the skills of a welder. You can learn the basic nuances of welding on your own, but this is not enough to create a presentable and high-quality design.

When building stairs in a private house, metal is often combined with other materials: plastic, wood, brick or glass. For example, the frame of the structure is made of metal, and the steps are made of wood.

When choosing a metal, preference should be given to steel. The main advantage of the material is resistance to corrosion. This design will last at least 50 years. It is better to refuse the use of painted steel - its maximum service life is 5 years.

Brass structures are strong and reliable, but they quickly lose their original attractiveness and darken. Anodized aluminum is resistant to rust, but the material is vulnerable to mechanical damage.

Important! According to requirements fire safety in multi-storey cottages, it is necessary to install metal or concrete stairs to guarantee the evacuation of residents in the event of a fire.

wooden stairs easier in self installation than metal ones. Planning the installation wooden structure, special attention should be paid to the choice of material of manufacture.

Coniferous wood products quickly become loose, gradually begin to creak and dry out. Such wood is usually used to make compact folding ladders that can be stored in the attic.

For the construction of permanent stairs, it is better to use solid wood. At observance of production technology the wooden ladder will serve more than 100 years. The best option: ash, beech, oak, yew, wenge and ash. Medium-hard woods include: walnut, pear, black pine and birch. "Soft" wood: spruce, larch and pine. Unsuitable species for the construction of stairs: poplar and fir.

Despite some shortcomings, pine is widely used to create engineering structures, including mid-flight stairs. This is due to low cost, ease of processing, the possibility of tinting and ubiquity.

When choosing pine, you should give preference to high quality material - without cracks, resin lenses and knots. The wood must be well dried. The manufacture of such a ladder will cost a little more, but it will also last much longer.

Important! You should not buy poorly dried wood, even if its price is unbeatable. Ready product as the material dries, it will begin to warp and deform, violating the strength, reliability and geometry of the staircase structure.

Popular in the production of stairs solid oak - it is durable and has an attractive appearance. Cons of oak: high cost and porous structure. The surface of an oak product is difficult to polish and cannot be brought to a mirror finish.

Beech has similar characteristics to oak. It is more affordable, but has a high hygroscopicity. Beech color - light pink.

good operational properties characterized by ash. Some experts consider this material one of the best for the manufacture of staircases. The main advantages of ash: flexibility, plasticity and high strength of the rock. From ash, it will be possible to obtain perfectly smooth products, since the wood lends itself well to grinding.

glass stairs in demand in the arrangement of a room designed in high-tech style. For production, laminated or tempered glass is taken. But even such a durable material does not 100% eliminate the risk of splitting with a strong impact. After a few years, the glass begins to turn yellow. Another minus glass construction- the complexity of the construction. Installing such a ladder on your own will not work.

Do-it-yourself marching staircase: step-by-step production

Design and calculation of stairs

Before execution practical work it is important to correctly design and calculate the stairs. These works should be carried out with great care, as any design errors may lead to assembly difficulties.

It is necessary to design the main components of the structure: steps, stringers and handrails.

Steps are calculated by the formula: 2A + B = 64 cm, where variable A is the width of this part, variable B is the height of the step. The value of B usually ranges from 14-17 cm.

Measure the expected height of the stairs.
Calculate the number of steps in the flight of stairs. To do this, divide the height of the stairs by the value B. If the total height of the stairs is 240 cm, and the height of the step is 16 cm, then the number of steps will be 15 (240/16).
Calculation of the width of the steps - parameter A. Knowing the number of steps (B) it is not difficult to do this: 2A + 15 = 64, 2A = 49, A = 49/2 = 24.5 cm.

The second option for calculating the flight stairs is the use of tabular data.

When designing, it is important to remember that each step has a ledge hanging over the riser. The size of the protrusion should not be more than 3-4 cm, otherwise there is a risk of stumbling.

Important! There is a certain pattern: the higher the risers, the narrower the step will be. However, the width of a step cannot be less than the height. Optimally - 30 cm.

When designing, do not forget about the distance from the stairs to the ceiling and other objects located above. This value should be at least 190-200 cm.

To determine the horizontal size of the stairs, multiply the number of steps by their width. Here we must take into account that the first step is the floor. If the height of the structure is large enough, then it is necessary to equip an intermediate platform. In this case, the number of steps on each flight of stairs will be about 7-8.

If the project and design idea imply the presence of a strictly defined number of steps, then their height can be made a little less. Thanks to this solution, it will be possible to place the site.

Manufacturing of stringers

To create a stringer, a pine board with a thickness of 40 mm is suitable. The humidity of the tree should be in the range of 7-13%.

The sequence of manufacturing kosour:

Prepare a pattern that repeats the bends of the steps.
Mark the workpiece with a template. The lines of teeth should be without sharp corners.
Cut out the teeth with a hacksaw or electric jigsaw. The resulting blank can be used as a template, cutting out the rest of the stringers.
To ensure the strength and safety of the ladder structure, it is desirable to prepare three or four stringers in this way.
Install the stringers in the place where the stairs are supposed to be placed.
Check that the ends of the stringers rest against the floor of the first and the base of the second floor.
Check the evenness of all cuts for the subsequent installation of steps.

Installation of steps and railings

Steps can be fixed to stringers using special wooden elements (fillies) or directly. Before installing them, you need to prepare right amount risers and treads, given the size of the protrusions.

The first step is to install the risers. For this purpose, you can use screws or nails. However, it is considered more reliable to connect parts using triangular fillies. The fillies are fixed with dowels, under which grooves are pre-cut in the stringers. For additional strength, the parts are “planted” on glue and fastened with self-tapping screws.

When all the steps are installed, you can proceed with the installation of balusters and railings, for which fastening screws and studs are used.

The final stage is the opening of the stairs with varnish. This procedure will protect the structure from harmful insects, mold and dampness.

Marching stairs: photo ideas for various decors

The most popular ladder system is the marching structure. The technique of its construction with your own hands is the most simple and affordable. The march of a straight staircase can be made even by a beginner in a relatively short period.

We will talk about how to do it correctly and efficiently in this article, illustrated with a large number of high-quality photos and video instructions.

March of stairs - design features

The march of a straight staircase is easy to manufacture and is considered a good option for private country houses and dachas. When building such a system with your own hands, you need to remember two important requirements - convenience and safety.

The construction technique of such a structure should be based on existing norms and standards.

The main elements of the march

For a clearer understanding of how to make a straight staircase, you need to know its main components. The flight of stairs includes the following elements:

load-bearing beams - it can be a bowstring or stringers;
supporting pillars - hold the entire structure;
steps - consist of tread and riser;
fencing - includes balusters, handrails (railings) and decorative elements.

Kosoura

Stringers are the main component of the flight of stairs, which is a carrier deck that holds the entire system.

Stringers can be made of wood, metal profile or reinforced concrete.

The flight of stairs can have:

one stringer - the carrier beam runs in the center of the structure and steps are attached to it (see photo);
two stringers - the beams go along the sides of the march, as shown in the photo;
three stringers - two elements on the sides, one in the center.

bowstring

The flight of stairs can also be made on a bowstring, which in its function performs the same role as the kosour.

In a stair bowstring, cutouts for steps are made on the inside of the beams.

steps

The step consists of two elements - the tread and the riser.

Tread - a horizontal surface, within 30 cm wide and about 90-150 cm long. The length of the tread is determined by the width of the flight of stairs itself.

The riser is the vertical part of the step, 15-20 cm wide.

fencing

The fence must be installed on a march consisting of more than three steps. A row of balusters is called a balustrade. Balusters determine the style of the entire system. The railing is fixed to the railing. The main requirement for them is the smoothness of the surface, since a person leans on them when moving up the stairs.

Requirements for a flight of stairs

The technique of erecting a marching structure with your own hands requires compliance with the following established GOSTs and generally accepted requirements:

The width of the march is in the range from 80 cm to 1 meter.
The height of the fence is at least 90 cm.
The mass that the march must withstand is from 180 to 220 kg.
The load that the fence must withstand is at least 100 kg.
The angle of inclination of the stairs is not steeper than 38 degrees.

Technique for erecting a flight of stairs with your own hands

Before proceeding with the installation of the flight of stairs with your own hands, it is necessary to indicate the stages of the upcoming work. The manufacture of the ladder system consists of the following steps:

Choice of manufacturing material.
Design and calculation of the march.
Kosour production.
Step installation.
Fencing installation.
Finishing work.

The choice of material of manufacture

At the very beginning of the production process, it is necessary to decide what material the staircase will be made of. But, since we are talking about a march for a private house, then best material for the manufacture of the staircase structure is a natural tree.

As for the breed, on the advice of experts, it is better to choose pine wood. To build a flight of stairs, we need:

beams under stringers;
supporting pillars;
edged boards for steps and risers;
finished balusters and railings.

The best material for building stairs with your own hands is pine

March design and calculation

Before performing practical work, it is important to correctly calculate the future design.

To begin with, it is necessary to design such basic elements as stringers, steps, risers and a fence.

Steps are calculated by the formula:

2A + B \u003d 64 cm, where

A - the width of the component;
B - step height (usually taken 14-17 cm).

March design is a responsible and necessary stage

First, we measure the height of the stairs.
We determine the number of steps of the flight of stairs - for this we divide the height of the stairs by the value B. If the height of the structure is 240 cm and the height of the step is 16 cm, then the number of steps will be 15 (240/16).
Calculation of the width of the steps - parameter A. Understanding the number of steps (B) it is not difficult to do this: 2A + 15 = 64, 2A = 49, A = 49/2 = 24.5 cm.

Stringer production

For stringers, a pine beam 40 mm thick and a wood moisture content of not more than 13% is suitable.

The sequence of production of kosour is as follows:

Prepare a pattern that repeats the bends of the steps.
Apply markings to the blank with the help of a template.
Cut out the teeth with a hacksaw.
The resulting blank can be used as a template for cutting out the second kosour.
Install the stringers in the place where the march will be placed, making sure that the ends of the parts rest against the floor of the first and second floors.

Installation of steps

The steps can be fixed to the stringers with the help of special wooden parts(filly) or directly. Before mounting the steps, you need to prepare the required number of risers and treads, taking into account the value of the protrusions.

The first step is to install the risers. For this purpose, screws or nails are used. The fillies are fixed with dowels. Next, the steps are mounted.

Fence Installation

When all the steps are mounted, you can begin to install balusters and railings. To fix them, screws and studs are used.

Finishing work

The final step in the construction of a flight of stairs with your own hands is varnishing the stairs. This procedure will protect the system from harmful insects, mold and dampness.

Buy a ready-made marching ladder in the online store

If you do not have proper carpentry skills or a lot of free time, then the best option for you will be the purchase of a ready-made marching type staircase in our specialized online store.

Beautiful and stylish staircase system modern design from our company will cost you only 44 290 rubles

Excellent system of model range"Solo" has an economical cost in 70 858 rub

The ladder structures presented by us are of high quality, stylish design, economical cost and able to meet the tastes and requirements of all our customers.

Another design from the "Solo" lineup of a direct type on the central stringer has a price 70 858 rubles

A laconic and stylish staircase made of oak with decorative forged elements stands 75 136 rubles

Without following the rules and without making safety calculations, a staircase with your own hands will be built at least unsuccessfully, it will require global alterations and costly improvements. In order to exclude unsuccessful attempts, it is better to initially do everything, focusing on building codes.

The simplest solution will be modular - they only need to be assembled from complete parts, strictly following the manufacturer's instructions. Ready-made kits are supplied for the assembly of marching and propeller variants, equipped with a full set of mounting and structural components.

A spiral modular staircase is assembled according to the principle of a children's designer of their constituent elements fully prepared for installation

Material Selection Arguments

For the construction of a welded metal staircase, the skills of a welder and an inverter apparatus are required. You can learn the basics of welding on your own, but for the construction of a presentable structure, the initial course is not enough. fill concrete structure often predetermine operating conditions. Steps made of concrete equip two, three-story mansions made of bricks, foam blocks, gas silicate panels. In addition, a cold concrete system will still have to be sheathed with wood or lined with other material. As a result, it turns out that you have to do double work.

construction concrete stairs With wooden paneling in terms of financial and labor costs, it is equivalent to the manufacture of two separate structures

Attention. In two-three-story cottages, according to fire safety requirements, it is necessary to install concrete or metal flights of stairs, which guarantee evacuation from the upper floors in case of fire.

Those who need a staircase to the attic should prefer wood. The material is light, easy to process, will not push through the floors.

Advice. For the arrangement of new low-rise wooden buildings, stepped systems made of wood are recommended due to shrinkage. It is difficult to predict how much the ceiling height will decrease, and what the difference will be between a concrete or metal staircase and a ceiling.

Probable mistakes made in the manufacture of a wooden structure will be easier to correct.

The most simple design

Those wishing to make a staircase on their own, no one will advise starting with a complex screw type. If the limited dimensions of the room do not allow choosing a simple flat option, it is better to purchase a ready-made set of modules or contact the builders.

The gently sloping "means of interfloor communication" will take up a lot of space, but the ascent and especially the descent along it will be the most comfortable. It is optimal that the angle of inclination does not exceed 37º. An inclination of 45º automatically translates the design into the category of attachments. You will need to go down on it with your back forward. The steepness of 40º is also not very convenient for descent.

Gentle stairs with an angle of inclination of no more than 37 degrees - the most comfortable

If there is a question of building on a limited area, preference should be given to a two-flight structure with a landing or winder steps.

Attention. Between straight marches directed towards each other, the distance should be at least 100 mm.

Between marches going "towards" each other, it is necessary to leave a distance

The steps can be supported on load-bearing stringer beams, can be attached to the wall with bolts, attached to two side bowstrings. Consider an example of construction with stringers.

We design a staircase with our own hands

Regardless of the presence or absence of experience, any master should start with calculations and design. The project focuses on security and the creation better conditions for moving.

Design and project requirements

The design must withstand a load exceeding the average weight of a person.
It must be equipped with fences, the location of which must be taken into account at the stage of project creation.
Fences are equipped with handrails and balusters, the distance between adjacent balusters should be smaller size child's head.

Note. In order to prevent situations threatening users, it is possible to protect the stairs not with balusters, but with a solid “canvas” of plexiglass or mesh if there are small children in the house.

The height of the structure is calculated according to finishing floors both floors or according to their estimated marks.

According to the standards, the sum of the width of the tread and the corresponding height of the riser must exceed 50 cm (minor deviations are possible). Recommended height within 14-17 cm, tread width 25-32 cm for full foot support.
Passage height 1.9-2.0 m. The size depends on the height of users, calculated taking into account the height of the tallest family member + 5 cm.
The comfortable width of the internal staircase is the distance between the wall and the handrail or between two handrails 0.90 - 1.00 m.

The principle of calculating steps is based on a simple formula

Design is the most critical stage. Mistakes made in the process will turn construction into a waste of time, effort and money. Projects are carried out by analogy, regardless of the material chosen, both the rules and calculations are identical.

Prepare the necessary material

We finally decided that we were building a staircase from lumber. For the manufacture of stringers, a pine board with a width of 40 mm is suitable. Risers, which you can refuse to install, can also be made from conifers. It is optimal if the treads are made of hardwood.

Advice. It is better to buy ready-made steps made of glued wood, created like glued beams from bars with different directions of fibers. They will not deform, dry out, crack.

Let's make braids right

According to the designed dimensions of the step, we draw a pattern. Then we will mark the boards and cut out peculiar teeth on it with an electric jigsaw. Those who wanted to know how to build a staircase with their own hands without mistakes and alterations probably guessed that all elements must be symmetrical. This means that the first sawn beam with teeth will serve as a template for the manufacture of the second, and if the width of the stairs is 1.20 or 1.50 m, then the third.

You need to start with the manufacture of stringers, for the production of which you need a template with exact dimensions steps, after which teeth are cut in the beam to install the steps

Installation of step elements

We fasten the treads and risers to the stringers with nails and self-tapping screws. The master, who decides not to use ready-made factory components, will also need to cut out these elements according to patterns made especially for them.

The tread can be made up of two boards

A structure is considered more reliable, on the supporting beams of which simple triangular or more complex fillies are first installed. For their installation and fastening, dowels and pre-made grooves are required.

Scheme: how to make a ladder with more reliable figured wooden fillies

Install balusters and railings

To install each baluster, we will use an anchor or a hairpin. First, according to the markup, we “put” the hairpin on the glue with the end, which then penetrates through the tread into the stringer, then we twist it and screw the baluster onto the free end. In the same way, fence posts are installed, between which balusters are placed. At the end, the pillars and balusters are equipped with handrails.

Guardrail installations

Video information: common mistakes

Before you get started, you should watch videos with a list and description of common errors.

The process of hand-made construction of stairs cannot be classified as the simplest, but it is not a super-difficult task either. The main snag in competent design. And then pedantry and accuracy should lead the performer, and everything will surely work out.

The material from which the stairs are made can be different - wood, iron, concrete, or a combination of these materials. But most often, wood is used to build stairs.

Any structure must be safe for movement on it. To do this, before building a staircase, it is necessary to perform its calculations, based on what type of staircase design is expected.

To calculate a wooden staircase, do the following:

Determine the height of the interfloor space, from floor to ceiling, taking into account the interfloor overlap, and determine the area that will be allocated for the stairs.
Determine the number of steps in a staircase based on their tread depth, riser height, and stair angle. Usually the height of the riser is 150 - 200 mm, and optimal width the approach is usually equal to 250 - 320 mm.
It should also take into account the height of the clearance between the horizontal plane of the steps and the lowest part ceiling structure, this is necessary so that a person, when going up or down the stairs, does not touch the ceiling structures with his head.

General examples of drawings for a wooden staircase

Before making any drawings in dwg format, you must select the type of stairs.

It is necessary to perform certain measurements and calculations, and determine the general parameters of the stairs:

The angle of the stairs, this parameter is usually in the range of 23 - 37 degrees.
The minimum height between the ceiling and steps must be at least 2 m.
The width of the stairs itself must be at least 1 meter.

After determining all the parameters, you need to draw a plan of the room, on which it is necessary to mark the location of the stairs and all its dimensions with reference to the room plan. Separately worth doing general drawing the entire staircase for a better understanding of all the necessary parameters.

All drawings can be made by hand, but in order to avoid mistakes, it is best to make all drawings online using a special calculator.

If a person finds it difficult to independently create a drawing of a staircase, you can use ready-made drawings and diagrams of stairs by printing them and choose the most best option. But, it is necessary to do this even at the stage of building a house, since it will be difficult to select a drawing for a finished building.

Detailed and general description of the online calculation of wooden stairs

To calculate all the necessary parameters for creating with your own hands, you need to take all the dimensions, such as the height between the floors, the area that will be allotted for the stairs, its angle of inclination, the length of the opening, the number of steps.

To calculate the stairs made of wood, it is best to use special online calculators or with special utilities:

Various utilities also allow you to calculate, view, including in 3D format, and, if necessary, edit everything, and redo all diagrams and drawings. You can even create a diagram of the whole house in such utilities, as well as draw a staircase and see how everything will look on a virtual layout.
When, you need to decide on the type of stairs, it can be single-flight, double-flight, spiral, stairs with a 180-degree turntable, etc. and each type of stairs requires its own calculation.

That is why you should use special online calculators or special utilities, which are much more profitable and easier even for novice builders.

The basis of the drawing for a ladder made of wood

The main advantage of a wooden staircase is its relative lightness, environmental friendliness, besides, wood is easy to process, and a wooden staircase will look optimal in a country wooden house.

But, before you make a staircase to the second floor of the house, you need to make a drawing of the stairs, which will take into account all the parameters:

Based on the drawings, the marking of wooden blanks is made, from which the staircase will subsequently be assembled. All dimensions that will be on paper are transferred to blanks, and they are sawn according to the markings.
But, before you make drawings and engage in sawing the material and subsequent assembly of the stairs, you should evaluate your strengths, since not everyone can correctly draw up a drawing and correctly cut all the material.

Before making a drawing, it is necessary to measure the place in the room where the staircase will be located. This is the height from floor to ceiling, the width of the ceiling, you should also take into account the type of stairs, the angle of its inclination, the fastening system, etc.

Without these data, it will be almost impossible to make a drawing of a staircase, and even more so, to make it.

The principle of drawing up a drawing of a wooden staircase to the second floor

Houses are built two-story, three-story, and, to move between floors, it is necessary to equip a staircase.

The manufacture of any staircase begins with determining its type, it can be:

Spiral or spiral staircase, single-flight classical staircase, double-flight with a turn, etc.;
Also, the staircase, in addition to its main function of lifting or lowering, can be almost invisible in the room, or, on the contrary, stand out in the interior, and even serve as a decorative decoration.

Therefore, before you start, you need to select its type, after that you should schematically draw a house plan, the staircase itself and see how this or that type of staircase will look on the diagram. If everything suits a person, you can start creating detailed drawings of the stairs.

When creating a drawing, one should take into account all previously made measurements, the angle of inclination, the width and height of the steps, the width of the staircase itself, if it is supposed to make a fence, then it should also be shown in the drawing.

Schemes and drawings for the manufacture of wooden stairs with their own hands

The staircase is an essential element of houses, it provides a connection between floors, and the staircase must also provide comfortable movement along it, be safe and fit into the interior of the room. Planning and building a staircase should be based on building codes, and accurate calculation and drawings are also necessary, since if this is not done, then later, during manufacture, errors may be detected.

The nuances that will prevent the redoing of the entire structure, the unnecessary consumption of materials and time:

Before creating drawings, you need to decide on the type of stairs, look at different examples, and choose the one that will best meet all the requirements. After that, you can start creating drawings, and plan the arrangement of the stairs in one place or another in the house.
Before creating a drawing, you must first measure, this is the height from floor to ceiling, taking into account the interfloor partition. And also calculate the number of steps, their width, height and angle of inclination of the stairs, etc.
The drawing should not only display all the dimensions of the stairs, but also indicate the fences, their height.

It is also worth drawing general scheme house, which will display the location of the stairs indicating the area occupied.

Such a scheme will allow you to better understand what the finished staircase will look like, and will allow you to double-check all the calculations before making the stairs.

Based on the drawings, it is best for a novice builder to start making the simplest staircase using a carrier beam - a stringer. Their number in the ladder can vary from 1 to 3.

Do-it-yourself staircase made of wood: calculations (video)

During the construction of a multi-storey building, it is necessary to equip the stairs so that you can get from floor to floor comfortably and safely for the health of residents.