To make life in the country comfortable, it is necessary to carry out the main communications - plumbing and sewerage. In suburban areas, there is often no centralized sewerage network, so each owner of the house solves the problem on his own. Periodic use of the dwelling does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment, it is enough to arrange a septic tank.
Often in summer cottages, the function of collecting wastewater is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped with a plumbing system, this option is fully justified, but with the installation of plumbing fixtures and a large volume of drained water, it is not enough. In this article we will talk about how to make a sewer in the country with your own hands. different ways(from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping out), as well as demonstrate diagrams, drawings, photo and video instructions.
Sewerage should be built according to the developed project, including schemes for external and internal piping.
Two-chamber septic tank
The most convenient is the installation of a collector of two chambers connected by an overflow pipe. Let's find out how to arrange it yourself.
- Work begins with digging a pit in a place chosen taking into account all sanitary requirements. The volume of the structure depends on the number of people living in the country. You can dig a pit manually or with an excavator.
- At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion up to 15 cm high is formed. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
- It is necessary to install formwork from boards or chipboard. The design must be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt is formed from metal rods tied with steel wire.
- It is necessary to make two holes in the formwork and insert pipe trimmings. These will be places for the entrance of the sewer line and the overflow pipe between the sections.
- The formwork is poured with concrete, which is distributed throughout the entire volume with the help of a vibrating tool. The design of the septic tank must be monolithic, so it is advisable to fill the entire formwork at a time.
- In the first compartment, the bottom is poured with concrete, a sealed section is formed, it will serve as a sump. Here, the wastewater will be divided into solid coarse fractions that sink to the bottom, and clarified water that overflows into the adjacent section. For better decomposition of solid residues, aerobic bacteria can be purchased.
- The second compartment is made without a bottom; it can be made not only from monolithic walls, but also using concrete rings 1-1.5 meters in diameter, stacked on top of each other. The bottom of the well is covered with a thick layer of sedimentary rock (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) to filter wastewater.
- An overflow pipe is laid between the two sections. It is installed at an angle of 30 mm on running meter. In height, the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is not necessarily limited to two; a four-section septic tank can be made to provide better cleaning.
- The overlap of the septic tank is made independently, using formwork and concrete, or ready-made reinforced concrete slabs are used. Be sure to arrange a hatch that allows you to control the filling of sections and exhaust. The pit is filled with sand and selected soil. The sump of such a system will be cleaned every 2-3 years.
Due to the ease of installation, many summer residents prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.
If the soil in the area is clayey or groundwater is very close to the surface, it will not work to arrange a septic tank of this design. You can stop at a sealed container of sufficient volume, securely installed and fixed to a concrete slab in the pit.
Another option is a biological treatment plant. Local stations are convenient and efficient, they are indispensable for suburban buildings of a large area. Specialists are engaged in the installation and launch of the device, the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of summer residents.
External line laying
From the exit of the sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank, it is necessary to lay a pipeline. The main line must lie at a slope providing the flow of polluted water. The larger the diameter of the pipes you use, the smaller the angle of inclination required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes should be greater than the amount of winter freezing of the soil. If the trench is shallow, provide thermal insulation for the line.
The average depth for laying sewers is 1 meter, in warm regions it is enough to go down by 70 cm, and in cold regions you will need to dig a pit up to 1.5 meters. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with a dense cushion of compacted sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from soil displacement.
The best option would be to lay a direct pipeline to the collector. If necessary, make a turn, this place is equipped with a manhole. For the line, you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their connection must be tight. After installation, the pipeline is covered with sand, and then with soil.
The design, which does not require regular pumping of sewage, consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. It can be two / three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in size. In two-chamber septic tanks, the sump occupies ¾ of the structure, and in three-chamber ½. Here passes pre-cleaning drains: heavy fractions settle, and light ones overflow into the next compartment as the first one is filled. In the last part of the septic tank, the final post-treatment of wastewater takes place. The water is then directed to the filtration fields/drainage well.
The first 2 compartments must be sealed. The last chamber has holes in the walls/bottom. Thus, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps to avoid the systematic pumping of waste without causing irreparable damage to the soil.
It is worth considering that in wastewater, in addition to organic matter, there are also insoluble impurities. In view of this, such a design will also have to be periodically pumped out in order to get rid of the sediment that accumulates in the sump. This can be done with a fecal / drainage pump. The frequency of maintenance of a septic tank depends entirely on the size / volume / composition of wastewater.
For the independent construction of such a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your household. The norm of water consumption per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount by the number of households, you get daily allowance water consumption in the home. Add another 20% to the resulting figure.
18 m 3. In this case, you need a septic tank that has a depth and length of 3 m each, and a width of 2 m. Multiplying all sides, you get 18 m 3. The minimum distance from the bottom of the septic tank to the drain pipe is 0.8 m.
The advantage of the treatment system is that the sludge is processed by anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles to the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually, this sediment thickens and rises. When the sludge reaches the overflow level, the septic tank must be immediately cleaned. The septic tank needs to be cleaned infrequently. This is due to the fact that the volume of sludge for 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.
Volatile septic tanks have built-in pumping units. Their non-volatile analogues should be cleaned manually or using sewage equipment.
However, not so long ago, biological preparations with special enzymes appeared, processing sludge into acid, and then into methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases, you just need to install ventilation in the septic tank. Thus, your septic tank will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and energy-independent treatment plant.
Bacteria need to be "fed" with oxygen for greater efficiency of their work. Tanks for a septic tank can be bought or made independently.
Before installation finished construction septic tank, it is necessary to determine a suitable place for this. The minimum distance between the septic tank and the house is 5 m. The sewer pipes leaving the house should go directly to the septic tank. Turning the pipeline is best avoided, because it is in such places that blockages form.
The septic tank should not be installed near trees, as their roots can damage the integrity of the body. The depth of the septic tank and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of soil freezing.
If groundwater is close to the surface, then reinforce the bottom of the pit with a concrete slab / screed. The size of the pit will depend on the size of the septic tank. If you have to install compact design, then it is easier to dig a pit manually in order to save money.
The pit should be slightly wider than the septic tank body. The gaps between the walls and the ground should be at least 20 cm, and preferably more. If there is no need to strengthen the bottom, then you should still lay a sand cushion 15 cm thick (meaning the thickness of compacted sand).
The top of the septic tank should rise above the ground. Otherwise, melt water in the spring will flood the equipment of the device.
After installing the base of the pit, lower the septic tank into it. This can be done with the help of cables placed in the stiffeners of the septic tank. In this case, you can not do without an assistant. Next, connect the device to communications, after digging trenches for pipes, laying a sand cushion and installing pipes. They should be laid under a slight slope - 1-2 cm per linear meter. Pipe laying is carried out to a depth of approximately 70–80 cm.
The septic tank should be installed strictly according to the level. It will work better in a horizontal position.
To connect the sewer pipe to the septic tank, a hole of the appropriate diameter should be made in it. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After that, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem, you will need a polypropylene cord and a building hair dryer. When the pipe has cooled down, it will be possible to insert a sewer pipe into it.
If you are connecting a volatile septic tank, then after these steps you need to connect the electrical cable. It is carried out from the shield to a separate machine. It must be placed in a special corrugated pipe and placed in the same trench as the sewer pipe. The septic tank has special holes with stamps. Connect a cable to them.
If the level of soil freezing in your area is large enough, then insulate the septic tank. Insulation can be any heat-insulating material that can be used for laying in the ground.
After completing the connection of electricity and pipes, the septic tank should be covered with soil. This is done in layers of 15–20 cm. To equalize the pressure in the process of backfilling the soil, water must be poured into the septic tank. In this case, the water level should be slightly higher than the backfill level of the pit. So, gradually the entire septic tank will be underground.
If you are not satisfied with a ready-made plastic autonomous sewage treatment system, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. Great inexpensive material to implement the plan - concrete rings. You can do all the work yourself.
Among the advantages of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings, we note the following:
- Affordable price.
- Unpretentiousness during operation.
- The ability to perform work without the help of specialists.
Of the shortcomings, the following deserve attention:
- The presence of an unpleasant odor. It is impossible to make the structure absolutely airtight, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant odor near the septic tank cannot be avoided.
- The need to clean the chambers from solid waste using sewage equipment.
It is possible to reduce the frequency of the need to pump out a septic tank if bioactivators are used. They reduce the amount of solid fractions due to the fact that they accelerate the process of their decomposition.
If the installation of the rings is illiterate, then the septic tank will be leaky, which will increase the risk of untreated sewage penetrating into the ground. But, with proper installation, the septic tank will be airtight, so this drawback of the system is rightfully called conditional.
The scheme for the construction of a septic tank, as a rule, includes 1-2 chambers designed for settling and treating wastewater and a filtration field / filter well.
If few people live in your house and a minimum of plumbing devices are connected to the sewer, then you can easily get by with a septic tank, consisting of one sump and a filter well. And vice versa, if you have many households and many devices are connected to the sewer, then it is better to make a septic tank from two chambers and a filtration well.
How to calculate the required volume for a septic tank has already been described above. According to building codes, the septic tank chamber must contain a three-day volume of wastewater. The volume of the reinforced concrete ring is 0.62 m3, which means that in order to build a septic tank for 5 people, you will need a sump of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people, you need a septic tank with a volume of 3 m 3. This figure must be divided by the volume of the ring, equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value of 4.83. It needs to be rounded up, which means that in order to equip a septic tank in this particular case, you will need 5 rings.
The pit must be of such a size that it can accommodate the septic tank chambers and the filter well. These works, of course, can be done manually, but it is long and very difficult, so it is more cost-effective to order digging a pit from a company with earthmoving equipment.
The bottom of the pit at the installation site of the sedimentation chambers must be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of penetration of untreated effluents into the ground. Before starting concrete work, it is necessary to drain a part of the bottom of the pit for the installation of sedimentation tanks, laying a sand cushion on it, with a layer of 30–50 cm.
If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a blank bottom. They will need to be installed first in a vertical row.
The place for the filter well also requires the preparation of the base. Under it, you need to make a pillow of sand, crushed stone and gravel with a thickness of at least 50 cm.
To install the rings, you will have to order the services of lifting equipment. It is very difficult to perform these tasks manually. You can, of course, install the rings by digging under the bottom ring. But this method is laborious. Yes, and the bottom will have to be filled after the installation of the last ring, which will entail a number of inconveniences. In view of this, it is better not to save on ordering lifting equipment.
Typically, the rings are fastened together with a solution, but for greater structural reliability, they can be fastened with metal plates or staples. In this case, your septic tank will not suffer due to ground movement.
Now it's time to organize an overflow, and for this you need to bring pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of a water seal, that is, they must be installed with a bend.
To seal the joints, you need to use a solution with an aqua barrier. WITH outer side tanks must be treated with coating or built-up waterproofing.
Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders installed inside the well. In this case, the likelihood of dirty water ingress will be minimized.
Installation of ceilings / backfill
Finished wells must be covered with special concrete slabs, in which holes are provided for mounting sewer manholes. Ideally, the backfilling of the excavation should be carried out with soil with a high percentage of sand in its composition. But if it is impossible to realize this, the pit can be covered with soil removed from it before.
Now the septic tank can be put into operation.
The wastewater treatment system from barrels, as well as a similar design made of concrete goods, can be two- or three-chamber. Wastewater will flow into it by gravity, so it must be installed below the sewer pipes. The principle of operation of this device is similar to the construction of reinforced concrete rings.
For the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system according to the principle of a treatment system, you can use any containers. These can be old metal/plastic barrels. The main thing is that they are airtight.
If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, then they should be pre-treated with an anti-corrosion agent.
Plastic containers have several advantages over their metal counterparts:
- A wide range of plastic containers that can be used to equip a septic tank.
- Barrels are highly resistant to the aggressive effects of effluents. Therefore, they last longer than their metal counterparts.
- The light weight of the containers simplifies their installation at the place of permanent deployment.
- Plastic does not need to be further processed, unlike metal.
- The high tightness of the barrels eliminates the possibility of dirty water penetrating into the ground.
Plastic barrels must be securely fixed when installed in the ground, because due to spring floods or winter frosts, they can be squeezed out of the ground. In view of this, plastic barrels are fastened with cables to a concrete base (it must first be poured or a reinforced concrete slab installed). In order not to crush plastic barrels, backfilling should be carried out very carefully.
For seasonal use, sewage from metal barrels is also suitable, but for stationary use this is not an option.
The popularity of metal containers for arranging sewerage is associated with their compactness and ease of installation. As a cover, you can use a wooden blank of the appropriate size or the one provided by the manufacturer. To install a metal septic tank, you need to dig an appropriate pit, which also needs to be concreted - walls and bottom.
Metal containers do not have a long service life even after they have been treated with anti-corrosion compounds. Therefore, their installation as a septic tank may be unprofitable. Buying stainless steel containers is not an option, as these products are very expensive.
Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not the best solution, since during operation such a septic tank can be pushed out. Yes, and such barrels have a limited capacity - up to 250 liters, which is not suitable for a large family.
For the installation of a reliable wastewater treatment system, it is better to use factory polymer barrels.
To make a septic tank from 220 l barrels, you will need the following materials:
- geotextile - 80 m 2;
- sewerage pipe Ø110 m, length 5 m;
- crushed stone fraction 1.8–3.5 cm, approximately 9 m 3;
- corner for sewerage at an angle of 45 and 90º - 4 pcs.;
- plastic barrel with a volume of 220 l - 2 pcs.;
- coupling, flange - 2 pcs.;
- wooden peg - 10 pcs.;
- Y-shaped sewer tee - 4 pcs.;
- building level;
- drainage perforated pipe in the filter 5 m - 2 pcs.;
- epoxy two-component sealant - 1 pc.;
- glue for PVC - 1 pc.;
- water tape - 1 pc.
Of the tools you will need:
- Shovel.
- Electric jigsaw.
- Rake.
For cottage/small country house if used economically, standard plastic barrels will do. Install such cleaning system not difficult. If you do not drain black drains into the sewer, then the septic tank will be unpretentious in maintenance. If the house has a toilet, then the sewer will have to be cleaned regularly, calling for sewage equipment.
For private houses permanent residence barrels will not be enough. For sewage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes / tanks / tanks. The process of their installation in the ground does not differ from the installation of barrels.
The distance of the septic tank from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance will complicate the process of connecting the sewer to the house:
- there is a need for a large deepening of the pipeline;
- on the way to the septic tank, you will need to install a revision well.
The sewerage system from metal barrels does not require large financial investments and complex installation work. To begin with, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then install 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then pipes are installed for overflowing liquid from one barrel to another and a transition to the filtration fields / drainage well.
Each subsequent container must be located below the previous one in level.
The joints must be sealed, and the barrels must be insulated with foam. After that, the pit with a septic tank is filled up. Since, as mentioned above, metal barrels are short-lived, you need to be prepared for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.
Pipe laying
Scheme
The system is one of the most important and expensive engineering communications of a private residential building. The efficiency of functioning, the complexity of installation, the number and cost of elements of this system depend on the development of the project. The grafical part project documentation, in accordance with which a do-it-yourself sewerage system is installed in a private house - an arrangement of plumbing devices, connections and revisions. This article provides information on regulatory requirements and the main problems of drawing up layout diagrams, criteria for choosing sewer equipment and the features of its installation.
Read in the article
Rules for drawing up a sewerage scheme with your own hands in a private house
When drawing up a sewerage scheme, it is necessary to take into account regulatory requirements, both sanitary and construction:
- TCP 45-4.01-51-2007"Water supply and sewerage systems of manor houses";
- SanPiN 42-128-4690-88"Sanitary rules for the maintenance of territories of populated areas";
- SanPiN 4630"Sanitary rules and norms of protection surface water from pollution";
- SNiP 30-02-97"Planning and development of territories of horticultural associations of citizens, buildings and structures."
When determining the volume and capacity of sewer pipelines, it is necessary to focus on the average water consumption per person. Settling tanks and cesspools should not be located closer than 4 m to the border of the neighboring plot and 15 m to the drinking water.
The scheme should describe the mechanism for connecting the internal and external sewage, the type and structure of the septic tank, what products and equipment will be used, its technical parameters. Based on the list of materials used, the cost is calculated. The graphic part should be linked to the plan of the house and the backyard, where the places for laying pipelines and installing plumbing products will be indicated.
Key Factors Affecting Layout and Design
In addition to calculating the average daily water consumption, the following factors influence the design of the sewerage scheme:
- The magnitude of the volley discharge- peak load on the sewerage system (as a rule, falls on the morning and evening hours), which depends on the number of plumbing fixtures installed in the house;
- Performance of treatment facilities. Depending on this indicator, one of three options for the disposal of treated wastewater is selected:
- up to 5 m 3 / day - discharge into the soil. Provided that the soil filtration coefficient has comparable indicators, and the discharge point is above the level ground water at 1 m;
- up to 0.3 m 3 / day - periodic removal by a special vehicle is allowed;
- The discharge of wastewater into a reservoir is regulated not only by their quantity, but also by the degree of treatment in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 4630.
- M material for the manufacture of sewage treatment plants:, fiberglass, metal, various polymers (, polyethylene). From specifications the material depends on the structural design of the structure, the method of installation, further maintenance and operation;
- Power supply. Modern highly efficient treatment facilities are equipped with various types, compressors and aerators. They are based on electronic control units to which temperature and liquid level detectors are connected;
- Building site topology- terrain, slope direction, proximity to water bodies and the presence of potential places for discharge of treated sewage water;
- Geodesy of the construction site- the type and structure of the soil, the depth of its freezing, as well as the depth of groundwater are determined. The complexity and cost of installation work, the need for additional or the purchase of a sealed septic tank with a closed cleaning cycle depend on these factors.
Varieties of sewer facilities and features of their functioning
In accordance with TKP 45-4.01-51-2007, the following types of treatment facilities are allowed for the arrangement and laying of sewers in a private house:
- septic tank;
- filter well;
- underground filtration field;
- filter trench;
Important! In most cases, the listed facilities should be used in conjunction with a septic tank, which performs primary rough cleaning.
septic tank
The most common, when arranging a sewer for a private house with your own hands, are two types of septic tanks:
Cumulative - are sealed plastic containers. They are affordable, do not require connection to the power supply network, and can be installed in close proximity to sources / wells of drinking water. A significant disadvantage is the need for constant pumping of wastewater, therefore, constant payment for sewage services.
With soil cleaning. Primary treatment of sewage water is carried out in sealed containers, where large fecal fractions settle to the bottom and are exposed to anaerobic bacteria. “Clarified” effluents, the degree of purification of which does not exceed 40%, are pumped forcibly or fall by gravity into filtration facilities, from which, after the final stage of cleaning, they seep into the ground.
Filter well
Effluent entering the tank passes through a gravel filter and seeps through it to the bottom and perforated walls, and from there into the ground.
- pipe;
- Plate chipper;
- Pipe for the flow of waste.
For arrangement, solid or perforated reinforced concrete rings with a height of 0.9 m, an internal diameter of at least 1.0 m and a wall thickness of 8 cm are used. excessive soil pollution. As a material for making walls, it is often used (with holes in the masonry), large-diameter plastic or car tires. Such options are much cheaper, but significantly reduce the life of the structure.
Underground filtration field
On the site lay with perforated walls. Through them, runoff is distributed over a large drainage area and soaked into the soil, passing more evenly and in small quantities through the gravel pack. This method is associated with a significant amount of earthwork. When determining the depth of the pit, it is necessary to take into account:
- Gravel filter thickness - 20÷50 cm;
- Diameter of perforated pipes - 20÷50 cm;
- The distance from the soil surface to the upper edge of the filtration pipeline is 50 cm.
In addition, when forming the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to provide for a slope from the septic tank along the flow direction of 2 cm per linear meter. The distance between the pipes depends on the type of soil. For sand with a filtration coefficient of 5 ÷ 25 m/day - 2.5 m. For coarse sand filler with a filtration coefficient of 25 ÷ 100 m/day and a gravel filter with a filtration coefficient of 75 ÷ 300 m/day - a distance reduction of up to 2 m is allowed.
At the ends of the filtration pipelines in without fail must be installed with a diameter of 100 mm, a height of at least 70 cm above the ground.
filter trench
The filter trench performs the same functions as the underground filtration field, collecting wastewater after a septic tank, their additional treatment and discharge into the ground. A significant difference is the vertical arrangement of the pipes. This method is no less effective and can be implemented on a much smaller area. Allowed only in areas with a deep water table, since the trench must also have a significant depth.
The total length of the pipeline and the number of pipes and the depth of the trench is calculated according to the same methodology used for underground filtration fields. The width of the trench is taken according to the standard of 0.5 m, the distance between the upper and lower pipes is 0.8 ÷ 1 m, the maximum length of the pipeline is 30 m. If it is necessary to arrange from 2 or more trenches, the distance between them must be at least 3 m.
STP scheme components
The most effective for a private house are sewer systems related to deep biological treatment plants. They are sealed containers, divided into several functional compartments. As a rule, they have a vertical orientation, can be installed by hand and do not take up much space. The principle of operation of such installations is the interaction of fecal matter and organic pollutants with anaerobic bacteria in an environment saturated with air using aeration installations.
Important! Biological treatment plants require some maintenance. First of all, it is necessary to maintain an optimal population of anaerobic bacteria by periodically adding a special concentrate to the appropriate compartment. In everyday life, do not use overly aggressive chemicals that can destroy bacteria. The unit must be connected to the power supply.
The cleaning process is carried out in stages:
- In the first section, which occupies the largest volume, the pollutants are separated into fractions. Heavy and insoluble substances sink to the bottom. This chamber must be periodically cleaned with a car vacuum cleaner;
- In the second section (aerotank), wastewater is enriched with atmospheric oxygen by aeration. This is where the active phase of cleaning takes place by biodegradation by bacteria;
- In the third section - a sump, activated sludge is settled;
- From the fourth section, where water enters with the help of a jet pump from the secondary clarifier, completely purified water is discharged from the treatment device through an overflow pipe or a drainage pump.
Internal sewerage device in a private house - diagram and recommendations
The composition of the internal sewerage includes the following elements;
- Plumbing fixtures:,;
- Sewer riser and ventilation pipe attached to it;
- Branch lines;
- Check valve.
Horizontal pipelines are installed with a slope. When laying sewers in a private house, the normative indicators of the slope are often neglected, making it “by eye”, significantly exceeding the recommended coefficient. As a result, sewage solids do not have time to be washed out of the pipes along with water, they accumulate inside, creating traffic jams.
Table of dependence of the slope on the diameter of sewer pipes for a private house of pipes
| Diameter, mm | Optimal slope | Minimum allowable slope |
| 50 | 0,035 | 0,025 |
| 100 | 0,02 | 0,012 |
| 150 | 0,01 | 0,007 |
| 200 | 0,008 | 0,003 |
Connection to the riser of branch pipelines is carried out using oblique tees and crosses. Installation of sewer pipes, auxiliary and technical rooms allowed to be carried out in an open way. Fastening is carried out with special couplings with dowels, or pipes are located on supports. In residential premises, as a rule, hidden installation is performed. Sewer pipelines are located in technical niches and shafts, ducts, under the floor. For maintenance - periodic cleaning, the main riser and drainage sewer lines are equipped with revisions in accordance with the standards:
- Sewer riser on the lower and upper floors of a private house;
- Branch lines to which three or more plumbing fixtures are connected;
- At the bends of the pipeline (this is where solid insoluble waste residues most often accumulate);
- On leprous horizontal areas every 8 m.
Do-it-yourself video of arranging sewage in a private house, correct styling pipes with a slope:
Which pipes to choose
The optimal material for pipes for sewerage of a private house are polymers. Products made from them are lightweight and can be installed by hand without the involvement of assistants. The industry produces a large number of adapters, tees, crosses and couplings throughout the range of used diameters. Installation is carried out without the use of specialized equipment and does not require long-term training and special skills. Approximate material is not subject to corrosion and aggressive effects household chemicals, has a long service life. For the sewerage of a private house, the following polymers are most often used:
- PVP (high density polyethylene)- Affordable, but sensitive to temperature changes. Maximum working temperature should not exceed +40°С;
- PP()– has good performance, maximum operating temperature +100°C, withstands aggressive chemicals and significant mechanical stress, has a rather high cost;
- PVC (polyvinyl chloride)- material with the best combination of cost and quality. It can be used for both external and internal sewerage. Resistant to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical impacts of medium intensity, temperatures up to +70°C. However, in the process long-term operation plaque may appear on the walls, which leads to clogging.
Pipe connection
The most common way to install a plastic pipeline is a socket connection. It is performed if the pipe or fitting has the appropriate structural element- bell. The connection process is as follows:
- The bell and the smooth end are cleared of pollution;
- Inserted into a special recess inside the socket rubber compressor, ensuring the tightness of the joints;
- Lubricate the smooth end of the other pipe with silicone grease or ordinary liquid soap, after which it can be easily inserted into the socket until it stops;
Important! It is necessary to provide for the possibility of thermal expansion. To do this, a marker is made on the smooth part of the pipe, after which it is pulled 1 cm out of the socket.
Do-it-yourself stages of work on sewerage in a private house
The sequence of arranging the sewer system of a private house can be divided into several stages:
- Determination of the amount of wastewater, the volume and performance of the septic tank;
- Determination of the location of the septic tank on personal plot in accordance with sanitary standards;
- The device of the internal sewer network;
- Installation of external treatment facilities;
- Laying of the pipeline and connections of external treatment facilities and internal sewerage.
Calculation of the volume of a septic tank
Table of water consumption standards for a private residential building.
| Type of housing and type of life | Consumption, l / day for 1 person | |
| Residential building equipped with plumbing and sewerage system without bath | 125÷160 | |
| A residential building equipped with a water supply and sewerage system with a bathroom and a local one looks like this: V = n × Q × 3 / 1000 , where V - the volume of the septic tank in m 3; n – number of permanent residents; Q - average water consumption per person in m 3; 3 - the number of days of the complete cleaning cycle (according to SNiP). For example, with an average consumption of 0.2 m 3 / person / day, taking into account a three-day reservation, a family of 4 will need a septic tank with a volume of 2.4 m 3. To facilitate calculations, we have developed a handy calculator especially for our readers. Calculator for calculating the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of residents |
||
| For year-round operation of a private residential building | During seasonal operation of a country house | |
| gravel, crushed stone | 0.15÷0.20 | 0.18÷0.24 |
| coarse sand | 0.10÷0.15 | 0.12÷0.18 |
| 0.05÷0.10 | 0.06÷0.12 |
Table of the volume of domestic wastewater per 1 linear meter of the pipeline of the underground filtration field:
| Composition of the filtrate | The maximum volume of treated sewage, m 3 / day per 1 m linear drainage pipeline | ||
| Up to 500 | 500÷600 | Over 600 | |
| Gravel, crushed stone, coarse sand | 0.012÷0.025 | 0.0096÷0.0225 | 0.0084÷0.02 |
| Fine sand, sandy loam | 0.006÷0.020 | 0.0048÷0.18 | 0.0042÷0.016 |
Table of the volume of domestic wastewater per 1 linear meter of the filtration trench pipeline.
Do-it-yourself internal sewerage wiring in a private house
The efficiency of the sewer system of a private house, as well as the ease of arranging it with your own hands, depends on the layout of the entire structure. It is considered optimal if the kitchen and bathroom are located as close as possible to each other, this minimizes the length of the sewer pipeline and allows you to connect all plumbing fixtures to one riser. When installing the internal sewerage system of a private house with your own hands, the following factors must be considered:
- it is necessary to connect directly to the main riser of the sewer system at the minimum possible distance from the pipe, this will reduce the likelihood of blockage of the plumbing fixture;
- It is recommended that other plumbing fixtures be connected to the sewer network above the toilet connection level, this will exclude the possibility of fecal masses entering the outlet lines;
- Piping must be rotated using several angled elbows. For example, two 45° or three 30°, this will provide a smoother turn and avoid clogging;
- The sewer riser is necessarily displayed on the roof, where a fan hood is mounted on it, providing a sewer inside; Ways to connect the toilet to the sewer riser
Installation and equipment of the sewage tank
For the installation of a septic tank, regardless of its model, a pit breaks out with dimensions slightly larger than the dimensions of the tank. At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion about 10 cm thick is arranged. It is compacted and leveled as much as possible. To install septic tanks in the pit, it is recommended to use lifting construction equipment, since some models have a rather significant weight. In most cases, fasteners are provided on the case. After installation, the container must be leveled. Neck extensions may be required depending on the design.
Article
The phrase “conveniences on the street” can be heard less and less in the private sectors. This is not surprising - after all, everyone strives for comfort. However, it is out of the question if on a frosty night, waking up, you have to dress and run through the snow to a booth, standing 15 m from the dwelling. So home craftsmen equip latrines directly in the house. But in order for them to function normally, it is necessary to properly mount the sewage disposal system in a septic tank located on the street. Today we will consider how the sewerage system is installed in a private house with our own hands. We will also consider the scheme of its device, and along the way we will find out the cost of such work when performed by specialists.
Read in the article:
How to draw up a diagram of a sewerage device in a private house with your own hands
Starting to draw up a sewerage scheme for a private house, you need to decide on the number of drain points. It should be understood that if there are two floors in a residential building, the scheme of each is mounted, as planned, separately, with subsequent output to a common riser overlooking the septic tank.
The presence of only one riser is unacceptable only in the case of installing a pool or sauna - for them it will be necessary to mount a separate drain.
Important! From the completeness and correctness of the compiled sewerage scheme for a private house with your own hands, its performance and ease of installation will depend. The plan must indicate the length of all pipes - this will help to correctly calculate the amount of material.
Problems that may be encountered in design
The main difficulty in drafting a project can be input sewer pipe to the house. To do this, you will have to break through the foundation or install special pumps. Their installation will also be necessary when installing a bathroom in the basement or basement. At the same time, a special installation capable of grinding organic matter will not interfere. The sewage pump, together with the assembled knives, is called a multi-lift.
Expert opinion
Water supply and sewerage design engineer, LLC "ASP North-West"
Ask a specialist“If the house is under construction, then regardless of whether the toilet is planned inside the house or not, it is worth building a sewer pipe into the foundation. For starters, you can just turn it off. If you need to install a sewer, it will be very useful.”
When designing, the number of residents must be taken into account. This indicator will directly affect both the volume of the septic tank and the diameter of the sewer pipes that will be used during the installation of the system. Do not forget about the depth of soil freezing - the system must be in the ground below this mark.
What types of sewers exist
The main types can be called:
- Dry closets. This format is not very common in private homes. It is more suitable for giving, where there is no need for a constantly functioning sewer.
- Cesspool- the easiest to install and cost-effective option. Its inconvenience is that it requires periodic pumping using special equipment, and this is not a cheap pleasure.
- septic tank- the most common type of sewerage system. Waste products are processed using live bacteria and microorganisms or by adding to a container chemical substances decomposing organic waste.
The septic tank device cannot be called cheap, but it allows you to do without pumping for a long time. The main task is to add the necessary substances in time. As for the sewerage system itself for a private house, it will be the same for both the cesspool and the septic tank.
Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house: a diagram and its main components
When drawing up a project for laying sewers in a private house, it should be noted on the diagram the location of plumbing devices, such as a sink or. All pipes are also taken into account (their length and diameter are prescribed in the plan), connections, corners and branches. Data are entered on the location of the riser and its output to the septic tank.
If you describe in detail all the parameters, you can mount the entire system much faster and better. The plan, after the installation of the sewer, must be saved. It can help with blockages or other emergency situations.
Drawing up a sewerage scheme for a private one-story house(as well as buildings with several floors), it is important to consider the installation sites for cleaning - special branches with plugs that will help get rid of blockages. Do not forget about the calculation of the slope of the highway. With a weak slope, the drain will be ineffective, and if it is excessive, grease and dirt will settle on the walls, which will eventually lead to an emergency. Let's try to figure out how to properly draw up a diagram of the sewer system.
Drawing up a scheme of the sewer system
The first thing to do is to draw a floor plan of all the premises of the building. It is more convenient if such schemes are available - quite often such schemes are drawn up during construction. In this case, it can be copied, and sewerage routes can already be “laid” along it. Having indicated the installation points of plumbing devices, we begin measurements. Every millimeter can play a role here.
Important! When installing thinner pipes (for example, from a sink), if they are longer than necessary, there is a danger of their curvature. In this case, the water will stagnate, which will lead to a build-up of grease and dirt and blockage.
If possible, all plumbing fixtures should be located in the immediate vicinity of the riser - this will allow sewerage to be performed with the greatest efficiency. All tie-ins in the riser are indicated. A prerequisite is the connection of the toilet drain directly to the main pipe, without additional connections. The drain of the bathroom and the sink can be combined - this will save material and get rid of extra pipes and tie-in to the main riser.
What diameter should the pipes be
The diameter of the pipe is selected based on the number of residents and the planned intensity of use of the system. However, there are also generally accepted norms. So the diameter of the main riser directly to the septic tank is usually 100-110 mm. The same diameter as the toilet drain. But from the sinks and the bathroom there are thinner pipes. Most often, for such purposes, a diameter of 50 mm is used. This thickness will be enough.
All connections and tie-ins must be made at an angle of 450. If the angle of the sewer pipe is even, it is this point that will periodically become clogged.
When installing a sewer system, it should be understood that the riser must go to the roof, from where air will be supplied. Consider what happens if there is no air access, and the upper part of the riser is muffled, for example two-story house. Everyone knows that the toilet has a hydraulic lock that prevents the smell from the system from entering the room. In the absence of free access to air, flush the water in the toilet on the first floor. Due to the rarefaction, water is “drawn out” from the plumbing device on the second floor. The hydraulic lock is open, all the smell from the sewer system rushes into the living quarters.
How can sewer efficiency be improved?
It is possible to improve the quality of autonomous sewerage both by installing additional equipment and purely by installation parameters. To do this, you just need to correctly distribute the slope of the highways. The most effective is a slope of 3 cm / m. But for greater efficiency of the sewer system, this parameter can be increased to 4-5 cm / m. This will be quite enough for the efficient operation of the system and not enough for the rapid formation of grease or dirt deposits on the inner walls of the pipes.
Very effective against deposits on the walls modern facilities. But do not expect a miracle from them when a thorough blockage occurs. Advertisements may claim that the tool can easily cope with any of them, but this is not entirely true. In fact, such funds are good for periodic prevention. If the pipe is already thoroughly clogged, then there is nothing better than the good old cable.
Speaking of additional equipment, one cannot fail to note the benefit in preventing blockages of such equipment as a household waste shredder under the sink. It does not allow large cleanings and other debris to enter the sewer pipe. Everything that is sent to the drain after grinding, in consistency resembles a liquid porridge that is not capable of clogging the line.
How to make a sewer in a private house: stages of work
All work on the arrangement of the sewer system of a private house is carried out in several stages. There is no need to perform them without interruption, which means that installation can be carried out in your free time for a long time. However, according to professionals, such work is rarely delayed - as soon as the arrangement has begun, home master trying to get everything done as soon as possible. Consider step by step the steps that need to be performed. The algorithm of actions should be like this:
- calculate the required volume of the septic tank;
- install and equip the tank;
- we lay the highway from the septic tank to the house;
- we make internal wiring of sewer pipes and connect them to the system;
- connect plumbing fixtures.
By following this procedure and simple rules for the production of work, you can be sure that the system will work flawlessly. Let's analyze each step in more detail.
How to calculate the required volume of a septic tank for a private house
The calculation can be made empirically: for this you need to sum up the entire water consumption of the family living in the house. However, if the sewerage system is installed at the stage of construction of the dwelling, this method is unacceptable. Then you can take the average values recommended by SanPiN. However, it is much easier to use the specially designed calculator below:
Living in your private house without sewerage will be at least not comfortable.
As a rule, its installation takes place at the construction stages. Although there are exceptions.
And sewerage for a private house, as the masters correctly notice, is arranged more often after the construction of the building.
Schemes and views
V big houses where there are many rooms (bathrooms, bathrooms, kitchen, etc.), a scheme with at least two septic tanks is usually used.
If possible, join the central sewer system, then this must be done, despite the subsequent impressive fees.
If not, you will have to build an autonomous sewer.
Internal sewerage: scheme and specifics
When creating a project, you need to take into account the premises that need sewerage. They are located in one location on each floor. With this layout, it is easier to lay pipes. Although a personal project is created for each house.
The scheme here can be formed independently. Of course, this will not be a professional and detailed development, like specialists. But acting wisely, you will use it to lay a pipeline and decide on the right amount equipment and materials.
This is where a floor plan is required. Locate the positions for the sewer line (SC), riser(s) and all plumbing fixtures. In the diagram, mark the fittings for the pipeline and the distance from these elements to the riser and plumbing fixtures. Decide on the required number of connecting components. Such work is carried out on each floor.
Advice: be sure to calculate how many pipes you need different diameter and connecting components.
Required diameters:
- For a riser or TC, as well as an outlet block for draining waste coming from a bathroom - 10–11 cm.
- For drains from kitchen and bathroom a pipe is used - 5 cm.
- Turns in the sewer should be done with two knees. The angle of their position is 45°. This will help prevent blockages.
Material
Usually these are pipes made of cast iron, polypropylene or PVC. The first are considered standard. They cope with impressive loads. Their durability and reliability is amazing.
But today, products from the other two indicated materials are becoming more and more famous. Their cost is more attractive, and installation is much easier.
Polypropylene products are purchased very often. Customers like their flexibility and modest weight, and their resistance to high sewage temperatures.
It's important to know: It should be noted that PVC and polypropylene products are installed only inside the house. Cast iron analogues can be laid outside.
Pipes made of all these materials, with proper operation, will last a very long time.
Kinds
Usually sewerage according to the method of operation is divided into mixed and separate. Most often, the first type works in private homes.
Types of sewage according to the method of eliminating wastewater: gravity and pressure. The second requires enormous expenditure and effort. Therefore, the popularity of the first is much higher.
Thus, in private houses, usually, a mixed gravity sewer is arranged.
Installation
You need an assistant to get the job done. Work takes place with polypropylene pipes. Their diameters are 5 and 10 cm. Other necessary things: revisions, tees and elbows, as well as sleeves, clamps for fastening these pipes, rubber cuffs, glue.
Sleeves are placed on those areas where the system crosses the walls or ceiling. Rubber cuffs are applied to the connection areas. And there, powerful insulation is made with the help of plumbing sealant.
Pipe laying goes with some slope. These are the requirements of SNiP. For this case, the slope is 2–3%. It is largely determined by the diameter of the pipe. The percentage here is the slope in terms of cm / 1 shoulder strap. meter. For pipes with a more modest diameter, the slope is 3%. Only by observing this rule, you can qualitatively mount a working internal sewerage.
And also a slope less than 2% and more than 3% is unacceptable. In the first scenario, solid elements will remain on the walls of the pipes, a blockage will form. In the second case, the runoff flows in these pipes will gain too great speed, and wastewater will be divided into fractions, and solid elements will settle.
To connect such pipes, glue or rubber seals are used.
For your information: for work you will also need a soldering iron and a puncher.
The work starts with the release - the area where the internal and external sewers converge. With such a beginning, you will not allow these systems to mismatch. Installation of the release goes through the foundation. If it is carried out at a depth inferior to the depth of soil freezing in your area, then the pipe must be thermally insulated. Otherwise, the outlet will stiffen, and the sewerage system will only be able to work in warm weather.
If there is no outlet hole in the foundation, it must be arranged.
The required diameter of the sleeve is 13 cm. The sleeve extends at least 15 cm from each side of the base. The hole and installation of the sleeve comes with a slope of 2% for external sewage, following to the septic tank. The diameter of the outlet necessarily matches the diameter of the riser.
The best position for a riser is a bathroom. So the outlet section for eliminating drains from the toilet will be short. The following trend operates here: the larger the diameter of the outlet section and the plumbing. device, the closer its position to the riser.
The laying method is a personal matter. You can make a gasket in boxes, in walls, you can work in an open way. For the installation of pipes with a riser, oblique tees are used. If there is a point in your scheme where the outlets from the shower, bath and sink converge, then you need to install a collector pipe there. Its diameter is 10 cm.
To protect your home from unpleasant odors, install water seals. The audit must be mounted on each riser. Each turn of the sewer must end with a cleaning. So, if the sewer is clogged, it will be easier to clean it.
The riser continues upward already in the form of a fan pipe. First, a revision is placed at the point of its installation. After that, this pipe is displayed on the roof. It is not allowed to combine it with home ventilation.
The exit must necessarily exceed the ridge of the roof, at least 70 cm from the roof and at a distance of 4 m from the windows. Ventilation, chimney and itself fan pipe must differ in height.
Having mounted the internal sewerage, it must be thoroughly shed clean water. In this way, the tightness of all connections is tested.
External sewerage
Such a sewer is a network of pipes from the outlet block to a septic tank or treatment plant. Pipes are laid in the ground here.
Pipes must have impressive rigidity and withstand the impact of the soil. And it is also better to lay pipes of bright color so that they are easier to notice in depth. The diameter of such pipes is 11 cm.
There is different types external ventilation. The most primitive are cesspools and storage systems where wastewater is collected. Today, preference is increasingly given to various septic tanks and total cleaning stations.
Two-chamber septic tank
Types of septic tanks:
- Two-chamber.
- Three-chamber.
- With biofilter.
- With one chamber and soil purification.
The septic tank is selected based on:
- The needs of all residents of the house.
- The number of these residents.
- Type of residence: permanent or temporary.
- Estimated water consumption. It is understood how much each tenant spends water daily. Here, the number of plumbing fixtures in the house, and whether there are household appliances, also matters.
- Groundwater levels in your area.
- The parameters of the territory itself. Here the areas for the treatment equipment are calculated.
- Soil type.
- climate in your area.
System example:
Which septic tank or treatment plant you buy is also a matter of your budget. And also here it does not hurt to consult with specialists.
It is also important to take into account some criteria regarding the location of such equipment:
- The garden and the septic tank must be separated by at least 8 m.
- Any source of water and a septic tank are separated by at least 20 m.
- A residential building and a septic tank are separated by at least 5 m.
The main dilemma in the organization of external sewerage is the competent choice of treatment technology. Earthworks and laying do not cause any particular difficulties.
Concerning general scheme external sewage, then it must include:
- a system of trays where waste is concentrated;
- waste disposal channels to the point of disposal;
- sump (cesspool).
Algorithm for installing external sewerage:
- Creation of a trench. It connects house drains to a sump. Trench slope: 2 cm/1 m pipe towards the cesspool.
- The bottom of the trench is covered with a sand cushion. Layer -10–15 cm.
- A pipeline is laid along this pillow close to the storage tank.
- The connecting point of the pipe with the septic tank is sealed: the pipe is laid along the oval of the cords. The cord is treated with grease.
Requirements for sewerage in a private house
- For installation, use materials of the required parameters.
- Make a scheme taking into account all the necessary factors.
- Do not use poor quality pipes.
- Do not clog sewers with heavy waste.
- Design sewers at the same time as designing the house itself.
- Install sewers at construction stages. This is the best option. If it has not been observed, the solution methods have already been outlined above.
How to make a sewer in a private house, see the tips in the following video:
A private house that is not equipped with a sewerage system is not very comfortable to live in, especially in cold weather. You have to wash in a basin, and run to the toilet in the rain and frost. But what about a person who bought a manor that is not equipped with such benefits of civilization? And he will have to solve only a couple of questions:
- Conduct sewerage inside the house.
- Carry out an external sewage system.
In the article, we will take a closer look at the main methods of laying sewers in private ownership. Varieties of sewage systems and some recommendations for their construction will be given and described.
general information
If the housing is located in a locality that is provided with central system sewerage, it will be enough to issue a package of permits for connection, create a tie-in plan, as well as a scheme according to which pipes and sanitary devices will be placed, and produce the entire volume necessary work. But if there is no central line, then the situation becomes much more complicated, and the list of issues that will have to be resolved is much longer. Firstly, you need to decide what kind of autonomous sewage system for a private house will be:
- septic tank;
- storage pit;
- filtration well.
Secondly, what will be the volume of the container into which the drains are collected. It will depend on the number of people using the sewer, and on its type. Third, define the type. Which will be internal or non-pressure? Fourthly, where a local facility will be located that collects or purifies wastewater. Now let's take a look at these issues one by one.
How is sewage inside buildings carried out in private houses?
This question is easier to solve than others. New technologies allow you to place regardless of the distance to the sewer pipes. And if it is impossible to drain the drains by gravity, you can use a device that provides forced flow (special installation). This option has many positives:
Which is better to use?
To make a sewer in a private house, gray plastic pipes can be called the best option. If you plan to hide them in an array of walls, it is better to connect them using welding or a press fitting. Such pipes have several important positive qualities:
- They do not corrode.
- Plaque does not accumulate on their inner walls.
- The service life of such products is calculated in tens of years.
- They do not require additional maintenance.
Laying rules
Construction of an external drain system
Information on how sewerage is carried out in private houses is described in detail by the regulatory documents SanPin and SNiP. The following points must be taken into account:
- The sewage treatment plant is located at least 10 meters from the foundations and 8 meters from the neighboring site.
- The distance to the drinking water intake is not less than 20 m.
- The drainage system is installed below the water intake.
Cesspools
If the number of residents does not exceed 1-2 people, then it is more profitable to conduct sewage in a private house with access to it. It is a sealed structure or container designed to collect wastewater. This simplest design for such needs. The walls are laid out of wood, brick or stone. They are smeared with greasy clay, and the floor is concreted, the top floor is also best done with concrete with a hatch for cleaning.
septic tank
This is an installation that is designed not only to collect, but also to treat wastewater. As a rule, a biological anaerobic system is used. You can do it yourself. But you can buy, for example, such as the autonomous sewerage of a private house "Topas". In the case of off-the-shelf systems, if there is a need to increase throughput drain, you just need to install another container. A homemade septic tank is enough complex structure, which purifies wastewater through a special drainage system. Firstly, a well is dug with a volume of three daily inflow volumes. The sewerage scheme in a private house in this case should provide for the location of this well at a distance of 5 to 20 meters from the house. Its walls should be lined with blocks, stone or bricks and insulated, and the floor should be poured with concrete.
Most often, a septic tank has round shape and walls a quarter of a meter thick. The drainage network must be located at a distance of at least 30 meters from the house and below the water intake level. The sewer pipe must enter the well at least 1.5 meters from the soil surface, depending on the level at which the soil freezes through. But at the same time, the level of the pipe entry into the well should be several centimeters higher than the level of the drainage outlet. Wastewater is discharged from the septic tank through tees. Their upper ends are left open; cleaning pipes having the same cross section are installed above them. Pipes are attached to the lower edges of the tees, ending half a meter below the sewage level in the septic tank.
Filtration wells
Such facilities provide for mechanical wastewater treatment. usually used on sandy soils. Sand, gravel and clay are poured around them. The sewerage scheme in a private house using filtration wells provides for laying deep into the ground, below the aquifers of the drainage pipe. At the same time, wastewater, passing through a natural soil filter - gravel, sand and clay, is cleaned and goes into the ground. Naturally, before sewage is carried out in private houses, based on the work of a filtration well, a suitable place should be chosen to place this structure. First of all, we dig a pit of the required size. For example, for a family of 4 people, you will need a volume of 10 m 3 (about 3x1.8x2 meters in size). The bottom of the pit is covered with sand and gravel, and there you need to install or build a structure. During construction, we make holes for the inlet of the sewer pipe, the outlet of ventilation, overflow and disposal of treated effluents. When this structure is ready, a pipeline should be pulled to it.
Laying an external sewer line
We carry out sewerage in a private house to the filtration well in two ways: either by digging a trench, or by a trenchless method using a pneumatic installation. It is better to use plastic pipes for an external network. Their laying in trenches should be carried out on a pillow of sand and gravel; with the trenchless method, this, of course, is not necessary. As for the building sewer wells, then they should be done every 15 meters, and the first from the house - at a distance of 12 meters. A well should also be built at each turn of the highway. The depth at which the sewer pipeline must be laid is at least 80 cm. If it is less, it is necessary to insulate it in order to prevent freezing during the cold season.
In this article, we examined in detail how sewerage is carried out in private homes, and we can argue that this business is not so complicated and is quite within the power of a responsible and hardworking person who is ready to do everything on his own, if available quality materials and the necessary tools.
